Principles to Promote Solar Energy at Urban Management (Case Study: Berlin & Tehran)

The majority of the world’s population now lives in cities. This poses great challenges, but also great opportunities in terms of tackling climate change, resource depletion and environmental degradation. Nowadays, city planners and authorities around the world have been promoting principles to achieve a sustainable city. In this regard, Policy agendas have increasingly focused on how develop renewable energy as a clean energy can help to have integrated sustainable urban development. This paper identifies subjects that should be noticed for sustainable urban development and need to be in place for promoting renewable energy. The paper also, by drawing on three case studies (Germany, China and Iran), examines the key ‘success factors’ to traverse a pathway to a more sustainable future in urban development by using solar energy and it also gives some example about these countries and their main cities' experiences. Finally, it is hoped that the conclusions and recommendations drawn in the present study would be useful to energy scientists, engineers and policy makers. Keywords: Sustainable urban management, solar energy policies, Germany, China, Ira

Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017

Since 2000, many countries have achieved considerable success in improving child survival, but localized progress remains unclear. To inform efforts towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2—to end preventable child deaths by 2030—we need consistently estimated data at the subnational level regarding child mortality rates and trends. Here we quantified, for the period 2000–2017, the subnational variation in mortality rates and number of deaths of neonates, infants and children under 5 years of age within 99 low- and middle-income countries using a geostatistical survival model. We estimated that 32% of children under 5 in these countries lived in districts that had attained rates of 25 or fewer child deaths per 1,000 live births by 2017, and that 58% of child deaths between 2000 and 2017 in these countries could have been averted in the absence of geographical inequality. This study enables the identification of high-mortality clusters, patterns of progress and geographical inequalities to inform appropriate investments and implementations that will help to improve the health of all populations

Different Types of Contrast in Persian Language

Abstract The contrast of semantic links between words and its important compound of language which in aspect of words studies itâs placed in grammatical part and within meaning its part of Rhetoric issues. Speakers are utilizing these components in their language subconsciously. Because the conflict in the Persian language is completely modular so in many cases is auricular. In some modular structure, in addition to the type of structure, the user, it should also make sense to semantic. The style of relationship companion of the most important factor is in determining the contrast. As opposed to two in all features other than a word that refers to the same specification. the conflict word refers to negative words. The style of relationship companion of the most important factor is in determining the contrast. When it opposite should apply to all non-identical and identical features of two words.  Conflict in the Persian language has two main structures: inductive or antonyms derived from a combination of different prefixes with nouns, adjectives, verbs and roots. because there are no conflicting instrument in Persian languages. ââ The second sonic antonyms or compound that when the main focus on the meaning of a word is a constant and a variable component to another. Sometimes contradictory combinations with â vave atfâ or without is made . If it this contradictory combinations consists of a single concept of antonyms bring to mind in the paradoxical or contradictory view of is used rhetoric in grammatical books rarely pointed to category of conflict. Scholars typically have not paid to the conflict. In a field study was nearly studied sixty books. A total of them were more than 20-thousand-pages. Less than seven pages of these books was on contrast.

Different Types of Contrast in Persian Language

Abstract The contrast of semantic links between words and its important compound of language which in aspect of words studies it’s placed in grammatical part and within meaning its part of Rhetoric issues. Speakers are utilizing these components in their language subconsciously. Because the conflict in the Persian language is completely modular so in many cases is auricular. In some modular structure, in addition to the type of structure, the user, it should also make sense to semantic. The style of relationship companion of the most important factor is in determining the contrast. As opposed to two in all features other than a word that refers to the same specification. the conflict word refers to negative words. The style of relationship companion of the most important factor is in determining the contrast. When it opposite should apply to all non-identical and identical features of two words.  Conflict in the Persian language has two main structures: inductive or antonyms derived from a combination of different prefixes with nouns, adjectives, verbs and roots. because there are no conflicting instrument in Persian languages. ​​ The second sonic antonyms or compound that when the main focus on the meaning of a word is a constant and a variable component to another. Sometimes contradictory combinations with “ vave atf” or without is made . If it this contradictory combinations consists of a single concept of antonyms bring to mind in the paradoxical or contradictory view of is used rhetoric in grammatical books rarely pointed to category of conflict. Scholars typically have not paid to the conflict. In a field study was nearly studied sixty books. A total of them were more than 20-thousand-pages. Less than seven pages of these books was on contrast

Evaluation of the Repair of Bone Defect after Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Transplantation in Rat

Background & Objective: Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are multipotent stem cells that can proliferate and differentiate into osteogenic cells . T his study aimed to investigate the effects of BMSC transplantation for the repair of bone defects in the rat.   Materials & Methods : Twenty-eight male adult rats were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 ( control group) received no treatment after the bone defect. In Group 2 ( sham group), the culture medium was injected after the bone defect at the site of the bone defect. In Group 3 non-autologous cell transplantation and in Group 4 autologous cell transplantation were performed in the bone defect. Bone defect repair was evaluated by radiographic and biomechanical testing in all the groups.   Results: No significant differences were found between the control group and the Sham group according to radiographic and biomechanical tests. Radiograph bone opacity increased in the autologous and non-autologous group s compared to the control group, but the difference was not significant . Biomechanical results of the bone showed that the mean mechanical strength (Fmax) was significantly increased in the autologous group compared to the control group (p value < 0.05). In addition, mean Fmax was increased in the non-autologous group compared to the control group; the difference, however, did not constitute statistical significance (p value = 0.07).   Conclusion: It seems that BMSC transplantation, especially autologous BMSC cell transplantation, exerts positive effects on the repair of the bone defect

Purified compounds from marine organism sea pen induce apoptosis in human breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 and cervical cancer cell HeLa

Marine organisms are an important source of chemical compounds which are appropriate for use as therapeutic agents. Among them, Sea pens produce valuable chemical compounds being used as anti-cancer drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate anti-cancer property of extracted and purified compounds from marine organism Sea pen and evaluate their effects on inducing of apoptosis. The extracts were prepared from dried colony of Virgularia gustaviana. The compounds (3β)-Cholest,5en,3ol (cholesterol) (15 mg), Hexadecanoic acid (2.5 mg) and 2-Hexadecanol (10.7 mg) were identified by GC-MS and NMR. The cytotoxic effects of the compounds were evaluated on Hela and MDA-Mb-231 human cancer cell lines with MTT assay. Immunocytochemistry and Western Blot analyses were used to evaluate the expression of apoptosis related markers Caspase 3, Caspase 8, Bax and BCL2 in cancer cells after treating with three compounds. The purified compounds reduced viability of human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and human cervical cancer cell line Hela concentration-dependently. 2-Hexadecanol reduced significantly the viability of both cancer cell lines in comparison to the other purified compounds. Treatment of cancer cells with the three purified compounds increased the expression of caspase-3, caspase-8 and Bax proteins and decreased the relative Bcl-2/Bax ratio, demonstrating induction of apoptosis as possible mechanism of action. According to the results, three purified compounds inhibit the growth of cancer cells by inducing of apoptosis pathway; an effect which needs to be further investigated in the future studies

Prevalence rate of aspirin resistance in cardiovascular disease patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the first cause of mortality worldwide, with all the healthcare systems facing this very challenging issue. Aspirin continues to be the major gold-standard treatment worldwide in the prevention of thrombotic disease in patients with CVD, even though not all individuals respond to antiplatelet therapy in a similar way, being resistant to aspirin. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of laboratory defined aspirin resistance in CVD patients worldwide. Methods: Relevant articles were identified through searching EMBASE, PubMed/ MEDLINE, ISI /Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library, from January 2000 to February 2018. The methodological quality of the included studies was critically appraised using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The pooled prevalence of laboratory defined aspirin resistance was computed using the Der Simonian-Laird random-effect model. Results: We included 65 studies, with a total of 10,729 patients. The overall prevalence of laboratory defined aspirin resistance in CVD patients was 24.7 (95%CI 21.4-28.4. Women were found to be at increased risk of laboratory defined aspirin resistance compared to men, with an odds ratio of 1.16 95%CI 0.87-1.54.&#160; Conclusion: Doctors and healthcare providers should pay special attention to aspirin resistance since lack of awareness could cause problems and increase mortality in these patients, if not properly treated with higher aspirin doses

1-(Morpholin-4-yl)-4-(2-nitro-phen-yl)spiro-[azetidine-3,9'-xanthen]-2-one

TARAMAPUBMEDIn the title compound, C22H21N3O5, the β-lactam (azetidin-2-one) ring is nearly planar [maximum deviation = 0.010 (1) Å] and makes dihedral angles of 69.22 (5), 55.32 (5) and 89.42 (4)° with the least-squares planes formed by the four C atoms of the morpholine ring, which adopts a chair conformation, the benzene ring and the xanthene ring system, respectively. In the crystal, C-H⋯O hydrogen-bond contacts connect neighbouring mol-ecules into infinite zigzag chains running parallel to the b axis

Development of Inactivated FAKHRAVAC® Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 Virus: Preclinical Study in Animal Models

The recent viral infection disease pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in a global public health crisis. Iran, as one of the countries that reported over five million infected cases by September 2021, has been concerned with the urgent development of effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. In this paper, we report the results of a study on potency and safety of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate (FAKHRAVAC) in a preclinical study so as to confirm its potential for further clinical evaluation. Here, we developed a pilot-scale production of FAKHRAVAC, a purified inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus vaccine candidate that induces neutralizing antibodies in Balb/c mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, and non-human primates (Rhesus macaques—RM). After obtaining ethical code of IR.IUMS.REC.1399.566, immunizations of animals were conducted by using either of three different vaccine dilutions; High (H): 10 μg/dose, Medium (M): 5 μg/dose, and Low (L): 1 μg/dose, respectively. In the process of screening for viral seeds, viral strains that resulted in the most severe clinical manifestation in patients have been isolated for vaccine development. The viral seed produced the optimal immunity against SARS-CoV-2 virus, which suggests a possible broader neutralizing ability against SARS-CoV-2 strains. The seroconversion rate at the H-, M-, and L-dose groups of all tested animals reached 100% by 28 days after immunization. These data support the eligibility of FAKHRAVAC vaccine candidate for further evaluation in a clinical trial

Development of Inactivated FAKHRAVAC^® Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 Virus: Preclinical Study in Animal Models

The recent viral infection disease pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in a global public health crisis. Iran, as one of the countries that reported over five million infected cases by September 2021, has been concerned with the urgent development of effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. In this paper, we report the results of a study on potency and safety of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate (FAKHRAVAC) in a preclinical study so as to confirm its potential for further clinical evaluation. Here, we developed a pilot-scale production of FAKHRAVAC, a purified inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus vaccine candidate that induces neutralizing antibodies in Balb/c mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, and non-human primates (Rhesus macaques—RM). After obtaining ethical code of IR.IUMS.REC.1399.566, immunizations of animals were conducted by using either of three different vaccine dilutions; High (H): 10 μg/dose, Medium (M): 5 μg/dose, and Low (L): 1 μg/dose, respectively. In the process of screening for viral seeds, viral strains that resulted in the most severe clinical manifestation in patients have been isolated for vaccine development. The viral seed produced the optimal immunity against SARS-CoV-2 virus, which suggests a possible broader neutralizing ability against SARS-CoV-2 strains. The seroconversion rate at the H-, M-, and L-dose groups of all tested animals reached 100% by 28 days after immunization. These data support the eligibility of FAKHRAVAC vaccine candidate for further evaluation in a clinical trial