Influência da qualidade de vida percebida do dirigente colombiano sobre suas práticas de liderança

The influence of the leader's perceived quality of life, of his/her health habits and socioeconomic characteristics on his/her leadership practices was assessed. All of these dimensions are included in the framework of the quality of life model as an intervention strategy (Juárez, 2000, 2010). The Leadership Practices Inventory (version by Robles, de la Garza, & Medina, 2008), the Quality of Life Questionnaire -WHO (1998, 2004) and the Health Indicators Questionnaire (Jiménez, Martínez, Miró, & Sánchez, 2008) were administered to 60 participants in charge of personnel. Participants were grouped according to their socioeconomic characteristics. The increase in the overall quality of life and perceived health of the quality of life both augmented the transformational leadership practices of Modeling, Inspiring, Defying and Enabling and the transactional leadership practice of Encouraging. An increase in the perceived health of the Health Indicators Questionnaire augmented the transformational leadership practice of Modeling, while the increase in the behavior associated to alcoholic drinks intake reduced the leadership practice of Defying. No other variable was significant. Different theoretical explanations are discussed.Foi avaliada a influência sobre as práticas de liderança da qualidade de vida percebida do líder, de seus hábitos de saúde e das características socioeconômicas. Todas estas dimensões da qualidade de vida estão incluídas dentro do modelo de qualidade de vida como estratégia de intervenção (Juárez, 2000, 2010). A 60 participantes, com pessoal sob sua responsabilidade foi aplicado o Inventário de Práticas de Liderança (versão de Robles, de la Garza, & Medina, 2008), o questionário de Qualidade de Vida (WHO, 1998, 2004) e o de Indicadores de Saúde (Jiménez, Martínez, Miró, & Sánchez, 2008). Os participantes foram agrupados de acordo com suas características socioeconômicas. O aumento na qualidade de vida geral e a saúde psicológica da qualidade de vida, aumentaram as práticas da liderança transformacional de Modelar, Inspirar Desafiar e Habilitar e a da liderança transacional de Encorajar. O aumento na percepção de saúde do questionário de Indicadores de Saúde aumentou as práticas da liderança transformacional de Modelar, enquanto que o aumento na conduta associada ao consumo de bebidas alcoólicas reduziu a prática de liderança de Desafiar. Nenhuma outra variável foi significativa. Discutem-se diferentes explicações teóricas.Se evaluó la influencia sobre las prácticas de liderazgo, de la calidad de vida percibida del líder, de sus hábitos de salud y de las características socioeconómicas. Todas estas dimensiones de la calidad de vida están incluidas dentro del modelo de calidad de vida como estrategia de intervención (Juárez, 2000, 2010). A 60 participantes, con personal a su cargo, se les aplicó el Inventario de Prácticas de Liderazgo (versión de Robles, de la Garza, & Medina, 2008), el Cuestionario de Calidad de Vida (WHO, 1998, 2004) y el de Indicadores de Salud (Jiménez, Martínez, Miró, & Sánchez, 2008). Los participantes se agruparon según sus características socioeconómicas. El aumento en la calidad de vida general y la salud psicológica de la calidad de vida, incrementaron las prácticas del liderazgo transformacional de Modelar, Inspirar Desafiar y Habilitar y la del liderazgo transaccional de Alentar. El aumento en la percepción de salud del cuestionario de Indicadores de Salud incrementó las prácticas del liderazgo transformacional de Modelar, mientras que el aumento en la conducta asociada al consumo de bebidas alcohólicas redujo la práctica de liderazgo de Desafiar. Ninguna otra variable resultó significativa. Se discuten diferentes explicaciones teóricas

Influencia del burnout, la calidad de vida y los factores socioeconómicos en las estrategias de afrontamiento

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the Burnout syndrome and quality of life, as well as the socioeconomic variables in the coping styles used by 71 health workers (52.1 % nurses and 47.9 % nursing aids). The health questionnaire (SF36), the stress coping questionnaire (CAE) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) were applied. According to the results, the presence of Burnout was low (77.5 % without Burnout), the quality of life was reduced in the areas of vitality, corporal pain and general health, and the most used strategies were those of focusing on the solution of problems and positive reappraisal. The increase in the quality of life, the reduction in the severity of Burnout symptoms, being female, young and working as a nurse, are all significant predictors (cubic regression) of the increase in the use of all the coping strategies, especially those focusing on the solution of problems and positive reappraisal.O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar a influência da síndrome de Burnout e a qualidade de vida, assim como os fatores socioeconômicos, nos estilos de enfren­tamento utilizados por 71 trabalhadores da saúde (52,1% enfermeiros e 47,9% auxiliares de enfermaria). Se aplicou o questionário de saúde (SF-36), o questio­nário de enfrentamento ao stress (CAE) e o Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). De acordo com os resultados, a presença de Burnout foi baixa (77,5% sem Bur­nout), a qualidade vida esteve reduzida nas dimensões de vitalidade, dor corporal e saúde geral, e as estratégias mais utilizadas foram a focagem na solução de problemas e a reevalución positiva. O aumento na qualidade de vida, a redução na severidade dos sintomas de Burnout, pertencer ao gênero feminino, ter menor idade e ser enfermeira, são predictores significativos (regressão cúbica) do au­mento no uso de todas as estratégias de enfrentamento, especialmente a focagem na solução de problemas e a reavaliação. positiva.El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la influencia del síndrome de Burnout y la calidad de vida, así como las variables socioeconómicas, en los estilos de afron­tamiento utilizados por 71 trabajadores de la salud (52,1% enfermeros y 47,9% auxiliares de enfermería). Se aplicó el cuestionario de salud (SF-36), el cuestiona­rio de afrontamiento al estrés (CAE) y el Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). De acuerdo con los resultados, la presencia de Burnout fue baja (77,5% sin Burnout), la calidad vida estuvo reducida en las dimensiones de vitalidad, dolor corporal y salud general, y las estrategias más utilizadas fueron la focalización en la solución de problemas y la reevalución positiva. El incremento en la calidad de vida, la reducción en la severidad de los síntomas de Burnout, pertenecer al género feme nino, tener menor edad y ser enfermera son predictores significativos (regresión cúbica) del incremento en el uso de todas las estrategias de afrontamiento, espe­cialmente la focalización en la solución de problemas y la reevaluación positiva

Coping styles and quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in treatment with haemodialysis

El propósito de este estudio fue observar si los estilos de afrontamiento asumidos por un grupo de 41 pacientes con IRC guardan relación con su calidad de vida. Para ello, se utilizaron los instrumentos SF-36 y CAE. Se observó un deterioro importante en la calidad de vida de estos pacientes; no obstante, su funcionamiento social se encontró preservado. De acuerdo con los resultados, el afrontamiento focalizado en la solución de problemas correlacionó positivamente con salud mental, mientras que la auto-focalización negativa se asoció inversamente con la mayoría de las dimensiones de calidad de vida evaluadas. La evitación y la religiosidad, como estilos de atontamiento, presentaron resultados distintos a los hallados por otros autores. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos hallazgos.The purpose of this study was to observe if the coping styles of 41 patients with chronic kidney disease were related to their quality of life. The SF-36 and CAE questionnaires were the instruments used. Significant decline in quality of life was evidenced in these patients. Nevertheless, their social functioning was preserved. Results showed that the coping style focused on problem solving was positively correlated with mental health whereas the negative self-focused coping style was inversely related to most dimensions of quality of life that were evaluated. Different results were found about avoidance and religiosity as coping styles. The implications of these results are discussed

<i>Leishmania</i> <i>major</i> UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase salvages galactose for glycoconjugate biosynthesis

AbstractLeishmaniases are a set of tropical and sub-tropical diseases caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania whose severity ranges from self-healing cutaneous lesions to fatal visceral infections. Leishmania parasites synthesise a wide array of cell surface and secreted glycoconjugates that play important roles in infection. These glycoconjugates are particularly abundant in the promastigote form and known to be essential for establishment of infection in the insect midgut and effective transmission to the mammalian host. Since they are rich in galactose, their biosynthesis requires an ample supply of UDP-galactose. This nucleotide-sugar arises from epimerisation of UDP-glucose but also from an uncharacterised galactose salvage pathway. In this study, we evaluated the role of the newly characterised UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USP) of Leishmania major in UDP-galactose biosynthesis. Upon deletion of the USP encoding gene, L. major lost the ability to synthesise UDP-galactose from galactose-1-phosphate but its ability to convert glucose-1-phosphate into UDP-glucose was fully maintained. Thus USP plays a role in UDP-galactose activation but does not significantly contribute to the de novo synthesis of UDP-glucose. Accordingly, USP was shown to be dispensable for growth and glycoconjugate biosynthesis under standard growth conditions. However, in a mutant seriously impaired in the de novo synthesis of UDP-galactose (due to deficiency of the UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase) addition of extracellular galactose increased biosynthesis of the cell surface lipophosphoglycan. Thus under restrictive conditions, such as those encountered by Leishmania in its natural habitat, galactose salvage by USP may play a substantial role in biosynthesis of the UDP-galactose pool. We hypothesise that USP recycles galactose from the blood meal within the midgut of the insect for synthesis of the promastigote glycocalyx and thereby contributes to successful vector infection

Controversies in HIV cure research

International audienceABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy significantly reduces HIV viral burden and prolongs life, but does not cure HIV infection. The major scientific barrier to a cure is thought to be the persistence of the virus in cellular and/or anatomical reservoirs. DISCUSSION: Most efforts to date, including pharmaco, immuno or gene therapy, have failed to cure patients, with the notable exception of a stem cell transplant recipient commonly known as the Berlin patient. This case has revived interest in the potential to cure HIV infection and has highlighted the need to resolve critical questions in the basic, pre-clinical and clinical research spheres as they pertain specifically to efforts to eradicate HIV from the body of an infected person (a sterilizing cure) or at least render the need for lifelong antiretroviral therapy obsolete (functional cure). This paper describes ongoing debates in each of these research spheres as they were presented and discussed at a satellite session that took place at the 6th International AIDS Society Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention in Rome in July 2011. SUMMARY: The resolution of these debates may have important implications for the search for a cure, the most efficient ways to identify and test promising interventions, and ultimately the availability of such a cure to diverse groups of HIV patients around the world

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Influence of the perceived quality of life of colombian executives on their leadership practices.

Se evaluó la influencia sobre las prácticas de liderazgo, de la calidad de vida percibida del líder, de sus hábitos de salud y de las características socioeconómicas. Todas estas dimensiones de la calidad de vida están incluidas dentro del modelo de calidad de vida como estrategia de intervención (Juárez, 2000, 2010). A 60 participantes, con personal a su cargo, se les aplicó el Inventario de Prácticas de Liderazgo (versión de Robles, de la Garza, & Medina, 2008), el Cuestionario de Calidad de Vida (WHO, 1998, 2004) y el de Indicadores de Salud (Jiménez, Martínez, Miró, & Sánchez, 2008). Los participantes se agruparon según sus características socioeconómicas. El aumento en la calidad de vida general y la salud psicológica de la calidad de vida, incrementaron las prácticas del liderazgo transformacional de Modelar, Inspirar Desafiar y Habilitar y la del liderazgo transaccional de Alentar. El aumento en la percepción de salud del cuestionario de Indicadores de Salud incrementó las prácticas del liderazgo transformacional de Modelar, mientras que el aumento en la conducta asociada al consumo de bebidas alcohólicas redujo la práctica de liderazgo de Desafiar. Ninguna otra variable resultó significativa. Se discuten diferentes explicaciones teóricas.The influence of the leader’s perceived quality of life, of his/her health habits and socioeconomic characteristics on his/her leadership practices was assessed. All of these dimensions are included in the framework of the quality of life model as an intervention strategy (Juárez, 2000, 2010). The Leadership Practices Inventory (version by Robles, de la Garza, & Medina, 2008), the Quality of Life Questionnaire –WHO (1998, 2004) and the Health Indicators Questionnaire (Jiménez, Martínez, Miró, & Sánchez, 2008) were administered to 60 participants in charge of personnel. Participants were grouped according to their socioeconomic characteristics. The increase in the overall quality of life and perceived health of the quality of life both augmented the transformational leadership practices of Modeling, Inspiring, Defying and Enabling and the transactional leadership practice of Encouraging. An increase in the perceived health of the Health Indicators Questionnaire augmented the transformational leadership practice of Modeling, while the increase in the behavior associated to alcoholic drinks intake reduced the leadership practice of Defying. No other variable was significant. Different theoretical explanations are discussed

Calidad de vida y liderazgo: Influencia de la calidad de vida percibida del directivo colombiano sobre sus prácticas de liderazgo

The influence of the leader's perceived quality of life, of his/her health habits and socioeconomic characteristics on his/her leadership practices was assessed. All of these dimensions are included in the framework of the quality of life model as an intervention strategy (Juárez, 2000, 2010). The Leadership Practices Inventory (version by Robles, de la Garza, & Medina, 2008), the Quality of Life Questionnaire -WHO (1998, 2004) and the Health Indicators Questionnaire (Jiménez, Martínez, Miró, & Sánchez, 2008) were administered to 60 participants in charge of personnel. Participants were grouped according to their socioeconomic characteristics. The increase in the overall quality of life and perceived health of the quality of life both augmented the transformational leadership practices of Modeling, Inspiring, Defying and Enabling and the transactional leadership practice of Encouraging. An increase in the perceived health of the Health Indicators Questionnaire augmented the transformational leadership practice of Modeling, while the increase in the behavior associated to alcoholic drinks intake reduced the leadership practice of Defying. No other variable was significant. Different theoretical explanations are discussed.Foi avaliada a influência sobre as práticas de liderança da qualidade de vida percebida do líder, de seus hábitos de saúde e das características socioeconômicas. Todas estas dimensões da qualidade de vida estão incluídas dentro do modelo de qualidade de vida como estratégia de intervenção (Juárez, 2000, 2010). A 60 participantes, com pessoal sob sua responsabilidade foi aplicado o Inventário de Práticas de Liderança (versão de Robles, de la Garza, & Medina, 2008), o questionário de Qualidade de Vida (WHO, 1998, 2004) e o de Indicadores de Saúde (Jiménez, Martínez, Miró, & Sánchez, 2008). Os participantes foram agrupados de acordo com suas características socioeconômicas. O aumento na qualidade de vida geral e a saúde psicológica da qualidade de vida, aumentaram as práticas da liderança transformacional de Modelar, Inspirar Desafiar e Habilitar e a da liderança transacional de Encorajar. O aumento na percepção de saúde do questionário de Indicadores de Saúde aumentou as práticas da liderança transformacional de Modelar, enquanto que o aumento na conduta associada ao consumo de bebidas alcoólicas reduziu a prática de liderança de Desafiar. Nenhuma outra variável foi significativa. Discutem-se diferentes explicações teóricas.Se evaluó la influencia sobre las prácticas de liderazgo, de la calidad de vida percibida del líder, de sus hábitos de salud y de las características socioeconómicas. Todas estas dimensiones de la calidad de vida están incluidas dentro del modelo de calidad de vida como estrategia de intervención (Juárez, 2000, 2010). A 60 participantes, con personal a su cargo, se les aplicó el Inventario de Prácticas de Liderazgo (versión de Robles, de la Garza, & Medina, 2008), el Cuestionario de Calidad de Vida (WHO, 1998, 2004) y el de Indicadores de Salud (Jiménez, Martínez, Miró, & Sánchez, 2008). Los participantes se agruparon según sus características socioeconómicas. El aumento en la calidad de vida general y la salud psicológica de la calidad de vida, incrementaron las prácticas del liderazgo transformacional de Modelar, Inspirar Desafiar y Habilitar y la del liderazgo transaccional de Alentar. El aumento en la percepción de salud del cuestionario de Indicadores de Salud incrementó las prácticas del liderazgo transformacional de Modelar, mientras que el aumento en la conducta asociada al consumo de bebidas alcohólicas redujo la práctica de liderazgo de Desafiar. Ninguna otra variable resultó significativa. Se discuten diferentes explicaciones teóricas

Personalidad, inteligencia emocional y afectividad en estudiantes universitarios de áreas empresariales Implicaciones para la formación de líderes

El propósito de este estudio fue describir la personalidad, el afecto y la inteligencia emocional a lo largo de la formación profesional, en 422 estudiantes de áreas empresariales. Se utilizó el Inventario de Personalidad NEO-FFI de Costa & McCrae (1994), el TMMS-24 (adaptado por Fernández-Berrocal, Extremera & Ramos, 2004) y el PANAS (adaptado por Sandín et al., 1999). Se encontraron niveles altos de neuroticismo y bajos de extraversión, apertura a la experiencia y amabilidad; niveles intermedios de inteligencia emocional y una afectividad positiva predominante. El neuroticismo se incrementó en algunos semestres, la apertura a la experiencia y la responsabilidad aunque presentan niveles bajos, tienden a incrementarse durante la formación. Los participantes se caracterizaron por su afectividad positiva, la cual no parece depender de los procesos formativos sino de sus características personales. Se discuten estos hallazgos en relación con la formación de líderes empresariales