Um contraponto entre música, educação e cultura : o acesso à cultura em diferentes contextos (in)formais de aprendizagem musicais

Este estudo pretende fazer uma investigação empírica partindo da hipótese de que a apropriação da música tem diferentes formas de incorporação nos indivíduos mediante os cenários de interacção sociais e culturais em que se encontra inserida. Aborda os significados, a valorização e a presença atribuídos à expressão musical no âmbito da formação e intervenção pessoal dos participantes, pretendendo observar a sua interpretação e compreensão das concepções de expressão musical e das suas manifestações na prática educativa desenvolvida pelos agentes inseridos. O plano empírico restringe-se a três cenários distintos onde se articulam diferentes práticas de aprendizagem musicais: uma academia de música, e respectivo trabalho desenvolvido em seis colégios; duas escolas públicas do primeiro ciclo do projecto “Expressão musical para as escolas”; e por fim, a Casa da Música e respectivos workshops de cariz educativo. Trata-se de um estudo de casos comparativo, que não parte do pressuposto de que se estabelecem relações similares entre os diferentes espaços, mas que pretende analisar separadamente as formas, objectivos e a influência que a música exerce em cada um deles. O modelo analítico procura analisar as práticas musicais de cada espaço (isto é, o papel da música), os perfis sociais dos intervenientes e o cenário onde essas práticas ocorrem. Deste modo, o estudo foi estruturado sobre três eixos analíticos: Perfil preferencial; Perfil social e Perfil Organizacional. Através deste três eixos procede-se à construção de um conjunto de dimensões relacionadas com a música (enquanto sujeitos de aprendizagem) e inerentes práticas musicais; e a educação, enquanto veículo de transmissão das artes e cultura; e o acesso a ela.(...

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

The value of open-source clinical science in pandemic response: lessons from ISARIC

International audienc