Scheduling the Belgian soccer league.

Scheduling; International; Theory;

Public libraries and readers in Tachov District

Abstrakt/anglicky: The aim of this diploma thesis is to map the activities of public folk libraries in the Tachov district in the period of the 80s-90s and their influence on the reading population of this District. Research in this area is conditioned by historical and population diversity border district and the subject of research are folk and center libraries and their readers. In the individual chapters of the thesis, the development of libraries will be outlined in the Tachov district approximately from the beginning of the 20th century until the 50s. Period from 50. the years to the 90s of the 20th century will be elaborated in more detail on the basis of archival material Public libraries as originators from the collection of the State District Archives Tachov (specifically the collections of the Tachov District Library 1953-1996). On the basis of these materials (statistical reports, activity reports, reports from the Fund's revisions, etc.), further outlined the activities of libraries in terms of loan services (with a focus on library collections of libraries), their work with the reader and the influence on the readership of the population District. This effect of libraries will be further examined in the practical part, where based on the method of qualitative investigation using semi-structured...Abstrakt/česky Cílem této diplomové práce je zmapování činnosti veřejných lidových knihoven na okrese Tachov v období 80.-90. let a jejich vliv na čtenářskou populaci tohoto okresu. Zkoumání v této oblasti je podmíněno historickou i populační diverzitou příhraničního okresu a předmětem zkoumání jsou lidové a střediskové knihovny a jejich čtenáři. V jednotlivých kapitolách práce bude nastíněn vývoj knihoven na okrese Tachov přibližně od začátku 20. století až do 50. let. Období od 50. let do 90. let 20. století bude blíže rozpracováno na základě archivního materiálu veřejných knihoven jako původců z fondu ve Státní okresním archivu Tachov (konkrétně fondy Okresní knihovny Tachov 1953-1996). Na základě těchto materiálů (statistických výkazů, zpráv o činnosti, zpráv z revizí fondu apod.) bude dále nastíněna činnost knihoven z hlediska výpůjčních služeb (se zaměřením na knihovní fondy knihoven), jejich práce se čtenářem a vliv na čtenářství obyvatel okresu. Toto působení knihoven bude dále zkoumáno v praktické části, kde na základě metody kvalitativního šetření s použitím polostrukturovaných rozhovorů se čtenáři i knihovníky, kteří knihovny na okrese navštěvovali nebo v nich působili v 80.-90. letech 20. století.Institute of Information Studies and LibrarianshipÚstav informačních studií a knihovnictvíFilozofická fakultaFaculty of Art

Paris in the Times of Les années folles: Contribution to the Study of Social-Cultural History of the French Metropolis between the World Wars (1919-1939)

v češtině: Bakalářská práce Paříž v čase Les années folles: Příspěvek ke studiu sociokulturních dějin francouzské metropole mezi dvěma světovými válkami (1919-1939) je analýzou sociokulturních proměn Paříže ve dvacátých a třicátých letech dvacátého století. Největší pozornost je věnována působení Američanů v pařížském uměleckém prostředí. Úvodní kapitola pojednává o společenské situaci, v níž se francouzská metropole nacházela po první světové válce. Druhá tematizuje vývoj kulturního života v Paříži od období fin de siècle do doby mezi lety 1919-1939, přičemž obsahuje podkapitolu o vzniku a rozvoji fenoménu kavárenského života. Do tohoto rámce je zařazena část věnovaná analýze situace francouzského umění na počátku dvacátých let, na niž navazuje kapitola o Američanech pobývajících a tvořících v meziválečných letech v Paříži. Autorka analyzuje život a dílo spisovatelů tzv. ztracené generace, na něž měl pobyt v Paříži významný vliv, přičemž zahrnuje i medailonky osobností, jež tuto generaci v mnoha ohledech formovaly. Závěrečná kapitola je věnována tématu jazzu jakožto symbolu změn a příchodu "moderní doby" do francouzské metropole.v angličtině: The bachelor thesis Paris in the Times of Les années folles: Contribution to the Study of Social-Cultural History of the French Metropolis between the World Wars (1919-1939) is an analysis of the socio-cultural transformations of Paris in the twenties and thirties of the twentieth century. The greatest attention is paid to the actions of Americans in the Paris artistic environment. The introductory chapter discusses the social situation of the French metropolis after the First World War. The second one is about the development of cultural life in Paris from the fin de siècle epoch to the period between the years 1919-1939 and includes a subhead about the origin and development of the phenomenon café life. Within this framework is included a part devoted to the analysis of the situation of French art in the early twenties which is followed by a chapter about Americans residing and working in the interwar years in Paris. The author analyses the life and work of writers of the Lost Generation whose stay in Paris had significant influence on them, and includes vignettes of personalities who shaped this generation in many ways. The final chapter is devoted to the topic of jazz as a symbol of change and the advent of "modern times" in the French capital.Institute of General HistoryÚstav světových dějinFilozofická fakultaFaculty of Art

A guided search non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm for the multi-objective university course timetabling problem

Copyright @ Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011.The university course timetabling problem is a typical combinatorial optimization problem. This paper tackles the multi-objective university course timetabling problem (MOUCTP) and proposes a guided search non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm to solve the MOUCTP. The proposed algorithm integrates a guided search technique, which uses a memory to store useful information extracted from previous good solutions to guide the generation of new solutions, and two local search schemes to enhance its performance for the MOUCTP. The experimental results based on a set of test problems show that the proposed algorithm is efficient for solving the MOUCTP

Influence Of The Amendment Of The Lotteries Act On Financing Sport

Contents of this contribution are analysis of changes in financing sport caused by the amendment of the Lottery Act and comparison of condition of sport funding before and after the amendment had enter into force. The literature review was used for comparison of the amendments of the Lotteries Act. Act No. 458/2011 Coll. on changes to acts relating to the establishment of a single collection point has among others amended also Act No. 202/1990 Coll. on lotteries and other similar games, as amended in the name of the effort for better regulation of gambling. Lottery companies were exempt from corporate income tax (profit tax) and they are liable to donate part of their income to public interest purposes. The amounts paid by the lottery companies to public interest purposes varied depending on amount of income, ranging from 6 % to 20 %. The Amendment unified the lottery companies’ donation to public interest purposes at 20% for all operators without distinction. Unification appears to be a tool for ensuring the same conditions for all lottery operators. However, this amendment had great impact especially on smaller companies in this field, having essentially no effect on the major players, who had already been paying the 20% donation before the amendment. The real result is therefore elimination of smaller lottery companies and reinforcement of the influence of the large ones. The final result is overall decrease in contributions to public interest purposes, which therefore creates a gap in financing Czech sports. An adequate substitute for the loss of contributions to sport, caused by the gradual elimination of small lottery companies, has not been implemented as of yet.The contents of this contribution are the analysis of changes in the financing of sport caused by the amendment of the Lottery Act compared with the condition of sport funding before the amendment had enter into force. The literature review was used for comparison of the amendments of the Lotteries Act. Act No. 458/2011 Coll. and on changes to acts relating to the establishment of a single collection point was among others amended. Also Act No. 202/1990 Coll. on lotteries and other similar games, as amended in the name of the effort for better regulation of gambling. Lottery companies were exempt from corporate income tax (profit tax) and they are liable to donate part of their income for public interest purposes. The amounts paid by the lottery companies to public interest purposes varied depending on amount of income, ranging from 6 % to 20 %. The Amendment unified the lottery companies’ donation to public interest purposes of 20% for all operators without distinction. Unification appears to be a tool for ensuring the same conditions for all lottery operators. However, this amendment had a greater impact especially on smaller companies in this field, having essentially no effect on the major players, who had already been paying the 20% donation before the amendment. The outcome was therefore elimination of smaller lottery companies and reinforcement of the influence of the larger ones. The final result is an overall decrease in contributions of public interest purposes, which therefore creates a gap in financing Czech sports. An adequate substitute for the loss of contributions to sport, caused by the gradual elimination of small lottery companies, has not been implemented as of yet

Decomposition, Reformulation, and Diving in University Course Timetabling

In many real-life optimisation problems, there are multiple interacting components in a solution. For example, different components might specify assignments to different kinds of resource. Often, each component is associated with different sets of soft constraints, and so with different measures of soft constraint violation. The goal is then to minimise a linear combination of such measures. This paper studies an approach to such problems, which can be thought of as multiphase exploitation of multiple objective-/value-restricted submodels. In this approach, only one computationally difficult component of a problem and the associated subset of objectives is considered at first. This produces partial solutions, which define interesting neighbourhoods in the search space of the complete problem. Often, it is possible to pick the initial component so that variable aggregation can be performed at the first stage, and the neighbourhoods to be explored next are guaranteed to contain feasible solutions. Using integer programming, it is then easy to implement heuristics producing solutions with bounds on their quality. Our study is performed on a university course timetabling problem used in the 2007 International Timetabling Competition, also known as the Udine Course Timetabling Problem. In the proposed heuristic, an objective-restricted neighbourhood generator produces assignments of periods to events, with decreasing numbers of violations of two period-related soft constraints. Those are relaxed into assignments of events to days, which define neighbourhoods that are easier to search with respect to all four soft constraints. Integer programming formulations for all subproblems are given and evaluated using ILOG CPLEX 11. The wider applicability of this approach is analysed and discussed.Comment: 45 pages, 7 figures. Improved typesetting of figures and table

Iterated local search using an add and delete hyper- heuristic for university course timetabling

Hyper-heuristics are (meta-)heuristics that operate at a higher level to choose or generate a set of low-level (meta-)heuristics in an attempt of solve difficult optimization problems. Iterated local search (ILS) is a well-known approach for discrete optimization, combining perturbation and hill-climbing within an iterative framework. In this study, we introduce an ILS approach, strengthened by a hyper-heuristic which generates heuristics based on a fixed number of add and delete operations. The performance of the proposed hyper-heuristic is tested across two different problem domains using real world benchmark of course timetabling instances from the second International Timetabling Competition Tracks 2 and 3. The results show that mixing add and delete operations within an ILS framework yields an effective hyper-heuristic approach

On a Clique-Based Integer Programming Formulation of Vertex Colouring with Applications in Course Timetabling

Vertex colouring is a well-known problem in combinatorial optimisation, whose alternative integer programming formulations have recently attracted considerable attention. This paper briefly surveys seven known formulations of vertex colouring and introduces a formulation of vertex colouring using a suitable clique partition of the graph. This formulation is applicable in timetabling applications, where such a clique partition of the conflict graph is given implicitly. In contrast with some alternatives, the presented formulation can also be easily extended to accommodate complex performance indicators (``soft constraints'') imposed in a number of real-life course timetabling applications. Its performance depends on the quality of the clique partition, but encouraging empirical results for the Udine Course Timetabling problem are reported

Destination Prague on the Tourism Market

The aim of my bachelor entitled "Destination Prague on the Tourism market" has been the assessment the primary and secondary offer of this destination based on situational analysis, identification of competitive destinations and determination the position of the tourism market