Københavns Kommunes ITS- & Cykelindsatser

I dette resumé præsenteres fem af Københavns Kommunes ITS indsatser på cykelområdet. Københavns Kommune nyudvikler og driver teknologiske løsninger, som fremmer cykeldagsordenen. Ved at give cykelinfrastrukturen en ekstra digital dimension, øger vi fortsat cyklisternes fremkommelighed og trafiksikkerhed, samt forbedre kommunens daglige trafikledelse. De fem løsninger, som præsenteres i dette resumé, består af: I) en metode til at estimere cyklisters rejsetider, II) muligheden for, at indsamle realtidsdata for cyklisters rutevalg, III) variable tavler med trafikinformation til cyklister, IV) intelligent styring af gadebelysningen og til sidst V) signaloptimeringer og trafikledelse med cyklistfremkommelighed for øje. Samlet set udgør disse løsninger en billig og effektiv måde, hvorpå fremkommeligheden og trafiksikkerhed for cyklister styrkes

Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: Role of proton pump inhibitors and intestinal permeability

Background Cirrhotic patients are at considerable risk for bacterial infections, possibly through increased intestinal permeability and bacterial overgrowth. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) may increase infection risk. We aimed to explore the potential association between PPI use and bacterial infection risk in cirrhotic patients and potential underlying mechanisms in complementary patient and animal models. Materials and methods Bacterial overgrowth was determined in jejunum of 30 rats randomly allocated to 6-week PPI treatment, gastrectomy or no treatment. In 84 consecutive cirrhotic patients, bacterial infection risk was prospectively assessed and related to PPI use. Intestinal permeability was determined by polyethylene glycol (PEG) test in nine healthy individuals and 12 cirrhotic patients. Results Bacterial overgrowth was much more common in jejunum of rats treated with PPI or gastrectomy compared with nontreated rats. Twenty-four patients (29%) developed a bacterial infection during a median follow-up of 28months. Although PPI users tended to experience infection more often than patients without PPI therapy, PPI use was not an independent predictor of bacterial infection (HR 1·2, 95% CI 0·5-3·0, P=0·72), after correction for Child-Pugh class (HR 3·6, 95% CI 1·5-8·7, P=0·004) and age (HR 1·05, 95%CI 1·01-1·09, P=0·02). In cirrhotic patients, 24-h urinary recovery of PEGs 1500 and 3350 was significantly higher compared with healthy controls. Conclusions Although in our animal model PPIs induced intestinal overgrowth, stage of liver disease rather than PPI use was the predominant factor determining infection risk in cirrhotic patients. Increased intestinal permeability may be a factor contributing to infection risk

The Reversal of Drug-Resistance in Tumors Using a Drug-Carrying Nanoparticular System

Medical applications of nanoparticular systems have attracted considerable attention because of their potential use in therapeutic targeting of disease tissues and their lower level of toxicity against healthy tissue, relative to traditional pharmaceutical drugs. The use of nanoparticular systems has been shown to overcome the limitations of most anticancer drugs in clinical applications. In particular, the improved performance of smarted nanoparticular system for solving the drug resistance problems that typically interrupt tumor treatment has provided a promising strategy for successful tumor chemotherapy. This review highlights recent studies that have examined the therapeutic effect of nanoparticular systems on drug-resistant tumors and presents insight on how they work

Lipid-coated polymeric nanoparticles for cancer drug delivery

Polymeric nanoparticles and liposomes have been the platform of choice for nanoparticle-based cancer drug delivery applications over the past decade, but extensive research has revealed their limitations as drug delivery carriers. A hybrid class of nanoparticles, aimed at combining the advantages of both polymeric nanoparticles and liposomes, has received attention in recent years. These core/shell type nanoparticles, frequently referred to as lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPNs), possess several characteristics that make them highly suitable for drug delivery. This review introduces the formulation methods used to synthesize LPNs and discusses the strategies used to treat cancer, such as by targeting the tumor microenvironment or vasculature. Finally, it discusses the challenges that must be overcome to realize the full potential of LPNs in the clinic

Materials for Drug Delivery: Innovative Solutions to Address Complex Biological Hurdles

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/92419/1/3717_ftp.pd