Time-Dependent Partition-Free Approach in Resonant Tunneling Systems

An extended Keldysh formalism, well suited to properly take into account the initial correlations, is used in order to deal with the time-dependent current response of a resonant tunneling system. We use a \textit{partition-free} approach by Cini in which the whole system is in equilibrium before an external bias is switched on. No fictitious partitions are used. Besides the steady-state responses one can also calculate physical dynamical responses. In the noninteracting case we clarify under what circumstances a steady-state current develops and compare our result with the one obtained in the partitioned scheme. We prove a Theorem of asymptotic Equivalence between the two schemes for arbitrary time-dependent disturbances. We also show that the steady-state current is independent of the history of the external perturbation (Memory Loss Theorem). In the so called wide-band limit an analytic result for the time-dependent current is obtained. In the interacting case we propose an exact non-equilibrium Green function approach based on Time Dependent Density Functional Theory. The equations are no more difficult than an ordinary Mean Field treatment. We show how the scattering-state scheme by Lang follows from our formulation. An exact formula for the steady-state current of an arbitrary interacting resonant tunneling system is obtained. As an example the time-dependent current response is calculated in the Random Phase Approximation.Comment: final version, 18 pages, 9 figure

Constraints on Dark Matter Annihilation in Clusters of Galaxies with the Fermi Large Area Telescope

Nearby clusters and groups of galaxies are potentially bright sources of high-energy gamma-ray emission resulting from the pair-annihilation of dark matter particles. However, no significant gamma-ray emission has been detected so far from clusters in the first 11 months of observations with the Fermi Large Area Telescope. We interpret this non-detection in terms of constraints on dark matter particle properties. In particular for leptonic annihilation final states and particle masses greater than ~200 GeV, gamma-ray emission from inverse Compton scattering of CMB photons is expected to dominate the dark matter annihilation signal from clusters, and our gamma-ray limits exclude large regions of the parameter space that would give a good fit to the recent anomalous Pamela and Fermi-LAT electron-positron measurements. We also present constraints on the annihilation of more standard dark matter candidates, such as the lightest neutralino of supersymmetric models. The constraints are particularly strong when including the fact that clusters are known to contain substructure at least on galaxy scales, increasing the expected gamma-ray flux by a factor of ~5 over a smooth-halo assumption. We also explore the effect of uncertainties in cluster dark matter density profiles, finding a systematic uncertainty in the constraints of roughly a factor of two, but similar overall conclusions. In this work, we focus on deriving limits on dark matter models; a more general consideration of the Fermi-LAT data on clusters and clusters as gamma-ray sources is forthcoming.Comment: accepted to JCAP, Corresponding authors: T.E. Jeltema and S. Profumo, minor revisions to be consistent with accepted versio

Search for neutrinoless decays tau -> 3l

We have searched for neutrinoless tau lepton decays into three charged leptons using an 87.1 fb^{-1} data sample collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB e^+e^- collider. Since the number of signal candidate events is compatible with that expected from the background, we set 90% confidence level upper limits on the branching fractions in the range (1.9-3.5) x 10^{-7} for various decay modes tau -> l l l where l represents e or mu.Comment: 12 pages, 4figure

Measurement of the B --> K^* gamma Branching Fractions and Asymmetries

We report measurements of the radiative decay B --> K^*\gamma. The analysis is based on a data sample containing 85.0*10^6 B meson pairs collected by the Belle detector at the KEKB storage ring. We measure branching fractions of Br(B^0 --> K^{*0}\gamma) = (4.01 \pm 0.21 \pm 0.17)*10^{-5} and Br(B^+ --> K^{*+}\gamma) = (4.25 \pm 0.31 \pm 0.24)*10^{-5}, where the first and second errors are statistical and systematic, respectively. The isospin asymmetry between B^0 and B^+ decay widths is measured to be \Delta_{0+} = +0.012 \pm 0.044 \pm 0.026. We search for a partial rate asymmetry between CP conjugate modes, and find A_{cp}(B --> K^*\gamma) = =0.015 \pm 0.044 \pm 0.012.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Time-integrated luminosity recorded by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II e+e- collider

This article is the Preprint version of the final published artcile which can be accessed at the link below.We describe a measurement of the time-integrated luminosity of the data collected by the BABAR experiment at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e+e- collider at the ϒ(4S), ϒ(3S), and ϒ(2S) resonances and in a continuum region below each resonance. We measure the time-integrated luminosity by counting e+e-→e+e- and (for the ϒ(4S) only) e+e-→μ+μ- candidate events, allowing additional photons in the final state. We use data-corrected simulation to determine the cross-sections and reconstruction efficiencies for these processes, as well as the major backgrounds. Due to the large cross-sections of e+e-→e+e- and e+e-→μ+μ-, the statistical uncertainties of the measurement are substantially smaller than the systematic uncertainties. The dominant systematic uncertainties are due to observed differences between data and simulation, as well as uncertainties on the cross-sections. For data collected on the ϒ(3S) and ϒ(2S) resonances, an additional uncertainty arises due to ϒ→e+e-X background. For data collected off the ϒ resonances, we estimate an additional uncertainty due to time dependent efficiency variations, which can affect the short off-resonance runs. The relative uncertainties on the luminosities of the on-resonance (off-resonance) samples are 0.43% (0.43%) for the ϒ(4S), 0.58% (0.72%) for the ϒ(3S), and 0.68% (0.88%) for the ϒ(2S).This work is supported by the US Department of Energy and National Science Foundation, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada), the Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physiquedes Particules (France), the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Germany), the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (Italy), the Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (The Netherlands), the Research Council of Norway, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain), and the Science and Technology Facilities Council (United Kingdom). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie IEF program (European Union) and the A.P. Sloan Foundation (USA)

Dairy foods, calcium, and risk of breast cancer overall and for subtypes defined by estrogen receptor status: a pooled analysis of 21 cohort studies

Background: Epidemiologic studies examining the relations between dairy product and calcium intakes and breast cancer have been inconclusive, especially for tumor subtypes. Objective: To evaluate the associations between intakes of specific dairy products and calcium and risk of breast cancer overall and for subtypes defined by estrogen receptor (ER) status. Method: We pooled the individual-level data of over 1 million women who were followed for a maximum of 8-20 years across studies. Associations were evaluated for dairy product and calcium intakes and risk of incident invasive breast cancer overall (n = 37,861 cases) and by subtypes defined by ER status. Study-specific multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated and then combined using random-effects models. Results: Overall, no clear association was observed between the consumption of specific dairy foods, dietary (from foods only) calcium, and total (from foods and supplements) calcium, and risk of overall breast cancer. Although each dairy product showed a null or very weak inverse association with risk of overall breast cancer (P, test for trend >0.05 for all), differences by ER status were suggested for yogurt and cottage/ricotta cheese with associations observed for ER-negative tumors only (pooled HR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.83, 0.98 comparing >= 60 g/d with = 25 g/d with Conclusion: Our study shows that adult dairy or calcium consumption is unlikely to associate with a higher risk of breast cancer and that higher yogurt and cottage/ricotta cheese intakes were inversely associated with the risk of ER-negative breast cancer, a less hormonally dependent subtype with poor prognosis. Future studies on fermented dairy products, earlier life exposures, ER-negative breast cancer, and different racial/ethnic populations may further elucidate the relation

Reorientation-effect measurement of the first 2+ state in 12C : Confirmation of oblate deformation

A Coulomb-excitation reorientation-effect measurement using the TIGRESS γ−ray spectrometer at the TRIUMF/ISAC II facility has permitted the determination of the 〈21 +‖E2ˆ‖21 +〉 diagonal matrix element in 12C from particle−γ coincidence data and state-of-the-art no-core shell model calculations of the nuclear polarizability. The nuclear polarizability for the ground and first-excited (21 +) states in 12C have been calculated using chiral NN N4LO500 and NN+3NF350 interactions, which show convergence and agreement with photo-absorption cross-section data. Predictions show a change in the nuclear polarizability with a substantial increase between the ground state and first excited 21 + state at 4.439 MeV. The polarizability of the 21 + state is introduced into the current and previous Coulomb-excitation reorientation-effect analyses of 12C. Spectroscopic quadrupole moments of QS(21 +)=+0.053(44) eb and QS(21 +)=+0.08(3) eb are determined, respectively, yielding a weighted average of QS(21 +)=+0.071(25) eb, in agreement with recent ab initio calculations. The present measurement confirms that the 21 + state of 12C is oblate and emphasizes the important role played by the nuclear polarizability in Coulomb-excitation studies of light nuclei

Observation of B- -> J/psi Lambda pbar and searches for B- -> J/psi Sigma0 pbar and B0 -> J/psi p pbar Decays

We report the observation of B- -> J/psi Lambda pbar and searches for B- -> J/psi Sigma0 pbar and B0 -> J/psi p pbar decays, using a sample of 275 million BBbar pairs collected with the Belle detector at the Upsilon(4S) resonance. We observe a signal of 17.2 +/- 4.1 events with a significance of 11.1sigma and obtain a branching fraction of B(B- -> J/psi Lambda pbar) = [11.6 +/- 2.8 (stat.) +1.8 -2.3(sys.)] x 10^-6. No signal is found for either of the two decay modes, B- -> J/psi Sigma0 pbar and B0 -> J/psi p pbar, and upper limits for the branching fractions are determined to be B(B- -> J/psi Sigma0 pbar) < 1.1 x 10^{-5} and B(B0 -> J/psi p pbar) < 8.3 x 10^{-7} at 90% confidence level.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, submitted to PRD (RC), Lepton-Photon 2005 Conference in Uppsala, Sweden and HEP2005 Europhysics Conference in Lisboa, Portuga