Análisis del pensamiento aleatorio desde las representaciones semióticas presentes en las pruebas saber grado quinto. Caso: Institución Educativa Escuela Normal Superior Amagá (I.E.E.N.S.A)

En esta investigación se abordó el pensamiento aleatorio partiendo de los lineamientos curriculares desde un enfoque de las representaciones semióticas de Duval (2004). El objetivo central era analizar el estado actual de las pruebas saber de quinto grado y el tratamiento que se le da al pensamiento aleatorio desde una mirada de los registros de representación semiótica presentes en estas pruebas. En este estudio de casos se tomó una muestra de estudiantes de la Escuela Normal Superior del Municipio de Amagá, Departamento de Antioquia, Colombia, se indagó la forma como los estudiantes abordan estas preguntas haciendo uso de las representaciones gráfica, pictórica y lenguaje natural. La metodología de investigación es de carácter cualitativo y se desarrolla desde un estudio de casos. Para ello se diseñaron instrumentos para la recolección de información como la guía y el test. Los resultados permitieron identificar las dificultades que los estudiantes tienen para interpretar la información estadística a partir de la lectura directa, cuando deben emplear uno o más registros de representación semiótica. Se pudo establecer que al no haber una representación mental adecuada por parte de los estudiantes, dificulta las noesis y la semiosis. Después de la intervención se logró que los estudiantes realizaran un tratamiento más efectivo de la lectura e interpretación correcta de tablas y gráficos. Finalmente ellos fueron capaces de obtener conclusiones generales respecto a las relaciones que establecen entre las representaciones, sin limitarse a dar una respuesta basada en solo una de estas. Toda esta experiencia permitió establecer una propuesta que tienda a contribuir al docente en el manejo del tratamiento.En esta investigación se abordó el pensamiento aleatorio partiendo de los lineamientos curriculares desde un enfoque de las representaciones semióticas de Duval (2004). El objetivo central era analizar el estado actual de las pruebas saber de quinto grado y el tratamiento que se le da al pensamiento aleatorio desde una mirada de los registros de representación semiótica presentes en estas pruebas. En este estudio de casos se tomó una muestra de estudiantes de la Escuela Normal Superior del Municipio de Amagá, Departamento de Antioquia, Colombia, se indagó la forma como los estudiantes abordan estas preguntas haciendo uso de las representaciones gráfica, pictórica y lenguaje natural. La metodología de investigación es de carácter cualitativo y se desarrolla desde un estudio de casos. Para ello se diseñaron instrumentos para la recolección de información como la guía y el test. Los resultados permitieron identificar las dificultades que los estudiantes tienen para interpretar la información estadística a partir de la lectura directa, cuando deben emplear uno o más registros de representación semiótica. Se pudo establecer que al no haber una representación mental adecuada por parte de los estudiantes, dificulta las noesis y la semiosis. Después de la intervención se logró que los estudiantes realizaran un tratamiento más efectivo de la lectura e interpretación correcta de tablas y gráficos. Finalmente ellos fueron capaces de obtener conclusiones generales respecto a las relaciones que establecen entre las representaciones, sin limitarse a dar una respuesta basada en solo una de estas. Toda esta experiencia permitió establecer una propuesta que tienda a contribuir al docente en el manejo del tratamiento.In this research the random thought based on the curriculum guidelines from the perspective of semiotic representations of Duval (2004) was addressed. The main objective was to analyze the current state of knowledge of fifth grade tests and treatment that is given to random thought from a perspective of semiotic representation registers present in these tests. In this case study a sample of students of the Escuela Normal Superior Township Amaga, Antioquia Department, Colombia, it took the way students address these questions were investigated using the graphical representations, pictorial and natural language. The research methodology is qualitative and develops from a case study. For this purpose tools for gathering information as the guide and the test were designed. The results allowed to identify the difficulties students have to interpret statistical information from the direct reading, when to use one or more registers of semiotic representation. It was established that the absence of adequate mental representation by students, hampers noesis and semiotics. After the intervention was possible that students conduct a more effective reading and correct interpretation of tables and graphs treatment. Finally they were able to draw general conclusions about the relationships established between representations, not simply giving an answer based on just one of these. All this experience enabled a proposal that would contribute to teaching in the management of treatment.In this research the random thought based on the curriculum guidelines from the perspective of semiotic representations of Duval (2004) was addressed. The main objective was to analyze the current state of knowledge of fifth grade tests and treatment that is given to random thought from a perspective of semiotic representation registers present in these tests. In this case study a sample of students of the Escuela Normal Superior Township Amaga, Antioquia Department, Colombia, it took the way students address these questions were investigated using the graphical representations, pictorial and natural language. The research methodology is qualitative and develops from a case study. For this purpose tools for gathering information as the guide and the test were designed. The results allowed to identify the difficulties students have to interpret statistical information from the direct reading, when to use one or more registers of semiotic representation. It was established that the absence of adequate mental representation by students, hampers noesis and semiotics. After the intervention was possible that students conduct a more effective reading and correct interpretation of tables and graphs treatment. Finally they were able to draw general conclusions about the relationships established between representations, not simply giving an answer based on just one of these. All this experience enabled a proposal that would contribute to teaching in the management of treatment

La Dorada, Caldas : un lugar mágico lleno de paz y emociones mil ¡Que viva mi terruño que tanto amo! : recopilación de cuentos folclóricos

En el libro recupera cuentos folclóricos, versos, canciones, juegos y mitos producto de la tradición oral difundida en La Dorada Caldas y le da reconocimiento a los narradores de la cultura oral del poblado.In the book, he recovers folk tales, verses, songs, games and myths that are the product of the oral tradition spread in La Dorada Caldas and gives recognition to the narrators of the oral culture of the town.El fantasma -- Anécdota de la patasola -- Historia del mohán -- El pollito pio -- Nos ayudamos -- La emboscada -- Toño un amigo con diversidad -- El horripilante olvido en medio de un temblor -- Valoremos -- Mito de un arriero -- El juego de la candela -- Canción el capitán de un buque -- Versos -- Multiplicadores de la cultura oral.na66 página

Recommendations for treatment with recombinant human growth hormone in pediatric patients in Colombia

En Colombia, actualmente no existen parámetros claros para el diagnóstico de pacientes con talla baja, ni sobre el tratamiento de esta población con hormona de crecimiento recombinante humana (somatropina), lo cual se ve favorecido por la diversidad de programas de formación de profesionales en endocrinología pediátrica. En respuesta a esta problemática se realizó el primer acuerdo colombiano de expertos en talla baja liderado por la Asociación Colegio Colombiana de Endocrinología Pediátrica (ACCEP); este trabajo contó con la participación y el aval de expertos clínicos de importantes instituciones de salud públicas y privadas del país, además de expertos metodológicos del instituto Keralty, quienes garantizaron la estandarización del uso de la somatropina. Después de realizar una minuciosa revisión de la literatura, se propone la unificación de definiciones, un algoritmo diagnóstico, los parámetros de referencia de las pruebas bioquímicas y dinámicas, una descripción de las consideraciones de uso de la somatropina para el tratamiento de las patologías con aprobación por la entidad regulatoria de medicamentos y alimentos en Colombia y, por último, un formato de consentimiento informado y de ficha técnica del medicamento.In Colombia there are no guidelines for diagnosis and management of patients with short stature and for the use of recombinanthuman growth hormone, mainly caused by the diversity of training centers in pediatric endocrinology. In response to this situation,the Asociación Colegio Colombiana de Endocrinología Pediátrica leds the first colombian short stature expert committee in order tostandardize the use of human recombinant growth hormone. This work had the participation and endorsement of a consortium ofclinical experts representing the Sociedad Colombiana de Pediatría, Secretaría Distrital de Salud de Bogotá- Subred Integrada deServicios de Salud Suroccidente, Fundación Universitaria Sanitas, Universidad de los Andes and some public and private healthinstitutions in the country, in addition to the participation of methodological experts from the Instituto Global de Excelencia ClínicaKeralty. By reviewing the literature and with the best available evidence, we proposed to unify definitions, a diagnostic algorithm,biochemical and dynamic tests with their reference parameters, a description of the considerations about growth hormone use amongthe indications approved by regulatory agency for medications and food in Colombia and finally a proposal for an informed consentand a medication fact sheet available for parents and patients.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7856-7213https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2241-7854Revista Nacional - Indexad

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Norma y culpa en el tiempo de la niñez

RESUMEN: En este trabajo de monografía me enfoqué en responder a la pregunta: ¿Por qué no todos los niños responden de la misma forma frente al castigo?, en primera instancia se introduce el contexto y posteriormente introduje algunas explicaciones sobre el fenómeno desde la pedagogía, campo en el que me desempeño como maestra de matemáticas. En segunda instancia, me ocupé de mostrar desde la perspectiva del psicoanálisis, las relaciones que los niños establecen con la norma, esto desde el texto Freudiano de 1930 “El malestar en la cultura”, donde se introduce el vínculo a la cultura y la norma, a partir de dos nociones: super yo y consciencia moral. Y por último expongo algunas ideas respecto a las posibles respuestas del niño frente al castigo, partiendo de diferentes autores que de algún modo hacen lazo a la pregunta por la norma, el castigo y la conciencia moral.ABSTRACT: In this monograph I focused on answering the question: Why do not all children respond in the same way to punishment? In the first instance the context is introduced and later I introduced some explanations about the phenomenon from the pedagogy, field in which I work as a math teacher. In the second instance, I took care to show from the perspective of psychoanalysis, the relationships that children establish with the norm, this from the 1930 Freudian text "Discomfort in culture", where the link to culture and norm is introduced, from two notions: super ego and moral conscience. And finally, I present some ideas about the possible responses of the child to punishment, starting from different authors who in some way make link to the question by the norm, punishment and moral conscience