CLIMATE FACTOR CONSIDERATION DURING ENERGY SAVING POTENTIAL ESTIMATION AT THE LEVEL OF INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES AND REGIONS

The approach to the allocation of climate factors, that influence on gas consumption with consideration of their interdependence, nonlinearity and inertia of factors has been reviewed. In addition to the classical approach of linear consideration of the dependence on the degree-days of heating and air conditioning, an additional consideration of the factors of lighting and precipitation level has been offered. The nonlinearity of dependences has been modelled by power functions, and the inertia effect by averaging data for the previous few months. The proposed mechanism makes it possible to exclude climatic factors from the actual data of gas consumption and, as a consequence, to allocate the influence of macroeconomic factors and the energy saving factor

Инновационные Технологии Взаимодействия Преподавателей и Студентов в Образовательном Процессе Вуза

Based on the analysis of scientific literature and experience, the article discusses the strategic goals of developing innovative education in Russia and modern interactive technologies of interaction between teachers and students in the educational process of the university. The authors consider the leading methodological approaches (humanistic, system-activity, competence-developing, creative, technological) and methods for studying the problem of interaction between teachers and students in the holistic educational process of the university (design, simulation, monitoring, experiment). The main content of the article is devoted to the characteristics of the theory of interaction of activity subjects and practical experience of the departments of the universities of the Russian Federation. On the basis of the conceptual apparatus, the authors analyze the essence of cooperation, interaction and innovative technologies, describe their use in teaching and educating students (characteristics of the use of innovative technologies and practical recommendations for their use. It is proved that the level of university teachers’ professionalism and mastery depends on the development of their technological competence and active interaction with students and colleagues of the university departments. The experience of designing and using interactive technologies of interaction of activity subjects can be used in the educational process of the universities.Basado en el análisis de la literatura científica y la experiencia, el artículo analiza los objetivos estratégicos del desarrollo de la educación innovadora en Rusia y las modernas tecnologías interactivas de interacción entre profesores y estudiantes en el proceso educativo de la universidad. Los autores consideran los principales enfoques metodológicos (humanísticos, de actividad del sistema, de desarrollo de competencias, creativos, tecnológicos) y los métodos para estudiar el problema de la interacción entre profesores y estudiantes en el proceso educativo holístico de la universidad (diseño, simulación, monitoreo, experimentación). El contenido principal del artículo está dedicado a las características de la teoría de la interacción de los temas de actividad y la experiencia práctica de los departamentos de las universidades de la Federación Rusa. Sobre la base del aparato conceptual, los autores analizan la esencia de la cooperación, la interacción y las tecnologías innovadoras, describen su uso en la enseñanza y la educación de los estudiantes (características del uso de tecnologías innovadoras y recomendaciones prácticas para su uso. Está comprobado que el nivel El profesionalismo y la maestría de los docentes universitarios depende del desarrollo de su competencia tecnológica y de la interacción activa con estudiantes y colegas de los departamentos universitarios. La experiencia de diseñar y utilizar tecnologías interactivas de interacción de temas de actividad se puede utilizar en el proceso educativo de las universidades.В статье на основе анализа научной литературы и опыта рассматриваются стратегические цели развития инновационного образования в России и современные интерактивные технологии взаимодействия преподавателей и студентов в образовательном процессе вуза. В последующих разделах статьи раскрываются ведущие методологические подходы (гуманистический, системно-деятельностный, компетентностно-развивающий, креативный, технологический) и методы исследования проблемы взаимодействия преподавателей и студентов в целостном педагогическом процессе вуза (проектирование, моделирование, мониторинг, эксперимент). Основное содержание статьи представлено в характеристиках теории взаимодействия субъектов деятельности и практическом опыте кафедр вузов Российских Федерации. На основе понятийного аппарата раскрывается сущность сотрудничества, взаимодействия и инновационных технологий, их использования в обучении и воспитании студентов (признаки использования инновационных технологий и практические рекомендации их применения). Доказано, что уровень профессионализма и мастерства преподавателя вуза зависит от развития его технологической компетентности и от активного взаимодействия со студентами и коллегами кафедр вуза. Опыт проектирования и использования интерактивных технологий взаимодействия субъектов может быть использован в образовательном процессе вуза

ОЦЕНКА ЦЕЛЕСООБРАЗНОСТИ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ЛОГИСТИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ ОБСЛУЖИВАНИЯ ПАССАЖИРОВ

Recent studies show that there is still no clear universal system to assess feasibility of forming a logistics chain of passenger service, which would take into account not only the interests of each individual mode of transport or passenger traffic segment, but would consider the whole transport system of load area (country, region, metropolis, etc.). Approaches to solving this problem are demonstrated by the authors, using analytical methods and logistics characteristics of transport, its consumer properties, reflecting value of a transport product for a passenger and technical and technological capabilities of each carrier.Исследования последних лет показывают, что до сих пор отсутствует четкая универсальная система оценки целесообразности формирования логистической цепочки обслуживания пассажиров, которая учитывала бы не только интересы каждого отдельного вида транспорта или сегмента пассажиропотока, но и рассматривала бы в целом транспортную систему района тяготения (страны, региона, мегаполиса и т. д.). Свои подходы к решению этой задачи демонстрируют авторы статьи, используя аналитические методы и логистические характеристики транспорта, потребительские его качества, отражающие ценность транспортного продукта для пассажира и технико-технологические возможности каждого перевозчика

Targeted metatranscriptomics of compost derived consortia reveals a GH11 exerting an unusual exo-1,4-β-xylanase activity

Background: Using globally abundant crop residues as a carbon source for energy generation and renewable chemicals production stands out as a promising solution to reduce current dependency on fossil fuels. In nature, such as in compost habitats, microbial communities efficiently degrade the available plant biomass using a diverse set of synergistic enzymes. However, deconstruction of lignocellulose remains a challenge for industry due to recalcitrant nature of the substrate and the inefficiency of the enzyme systems available, making the economic production of lignocellulosic biofuels difficult. Metatranscriptomic studies of microbial communities can unveil the metabolic functions employed by lignocellulolytic consortia and identify new biocatalysts that could improve industrial lignocellulose conversion. Results: In this study, a microbial community from compost was grown in minimal medium with sugarcane bagasse sugarcane bagasse as the sole carbon source. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance was used to monitor lignocellulose degradation; analysis of metatranscriptomic data led to the selection and functional characterization of several target genes, revealing the first glycoside hydrolase from Carbohydrate Active Enzyme family 11 with exo-1,4-β-xylanase activity. The xylanase crystal structure was resolved at 1.76 Å revealing the structural basis of exo-xylanase activity. Supplementation of a commercial cellulolytic enzyme cocktail with the xylanase showed improvement in Avicel hydrolysis in the presence of inhibitory xylooligomers. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that composting microbiomes continue to be an excellent source of biotechnologically important enzymes by unveiling the diversity of enzymes involved in in situ lignocellulose degradation

A communal catalogue reveals Earth's multiscale microbial diversity

Our growing awareness of the microbial world's importance and diversity contrasts starkly with our limited understanding of its fundamental structure. Despite recent advances in DNA sequencing, a lack of standardized protocols and common analytical frameworks impedes comparisons among studies, hindering the development of global inferences about microbial life on Earth. Here we present a meta-analysis of microbial community samples collected by hundreds of researchers for the Earth Microbiome Project. Coordinated protocols and new analytical methods, particularly the use of exact sequences instead of clustered operational taxonomic units, enable bacterial and archaeal ribosomal RNA gene sequences to be followed across multiple studies and allow us to explore patterns of diversity at an unprecedented scale. The result is both a reference database giving global context to DNA sequence data and a framework for incorporating data from future studies, fostering increasingly complete characterization of Earth's microbial diversity.Peer reviewe

A communal catalogue reveals Earth’s multiscale microbial diversity

Our growing awareness of the microbial world’s importance and diversity contrasts starkly with our limited understanding of its fundamental structure. Despite recent advances in DNA sequencing, a lack of standardized protocols and common analytical frameworks impedes comparisons among studies, hindering the development of global inferences about microbial life on Earth. Here we present a meta-analysis of microbial community samples collected by hundreds of researchers for the Earth Microbiome Project. Coordinated protocols and new analytical methods, particularly the use of exact sequences instead of clustered operational taxonomic units, enable bacterial and archaeal ribosomal RNA gene sequences to be followed across multiple studies and allow us to explore patterns of diversity at an unprecedented scale. The result is both a reference database giving global context to DNA sequence data and a framework for incorporating data from future studies, fostering increasingly complete characterization of Earth’s microbial diversity