Short-term results after reconstructive operations for colorectal cancer

The purpose of the work is to improve results of one-stage colon reconstruction for colorectal cancer. Methods: the retrospective analysis results of surgical rehabilitation of 825 patients. Results: Organize the surgical and urgent oncoproctologic service with usage improved technology allowed to lower abdominal complications to 6,8% among 585 patients of first (base) group in comparison 32% among 240 patients of control group. Leakage of colon anastomosis in patients of first group were 2,4% and 10,4% - in second (control) group. Post-operative mortality, caused by surgical complications, decrease for last ten years from 6,5 to 1,7%.Цель работы: улучшение непосредственных результатов операций с одномоментным выполнением толстокишечных анастомозов при колоректальном раке и его осложнениях путем применения современных медицинских технологий в условиях специализированного центра. Основные методы: проведен ретроспективный сравнительный анализ двадцатилетнего опыта областного колопроктологического центра по хирургической реабилитации 825 больных колоректальным раком с одномоментным толстокишечным анастомозом. Первую (контрольную) группу составили 240 больных, оперированных в период становления в клинике колопроктологической службы. Во вторую (основную) группу вошли 585 больных с внедрением за последнее десятилетие ряда усовершенствованных технологий и экстренной онкоколопроктологической помощи. Результаты: резектабельность опухоли в основной группе повысилась на 18,9%, а число абдоминальных осложнений в основной группе снизилось до 6,8% по сравнению с 32% в группе сравнения. Несостоятельность швов толстокишечных анастомозов в основной группе составила 2,4%, в группе сравнения -10,4% . Послеоперационная летальность, связанная с хирургическими осложнениями, снизилась за десятилетие с 6,5 до 1,7%

Global optical/infrared - X-ray correlations in X-ray binaries: quantifying disc and jet contributions

The optical/near-infrared (OIR) region of the spectra of low-mass X-ray binaries appears to lie at the intersection of a variety of different emission processes. In this paper we present quasi-simultaneous OIR - X-ray observations of 33 XBs in an attempt to estimate the contributions of various emission processes in these sources, as a function of X-ray state and luminosity. A global correlation is found between OIR and X-ray luminosity for low-mass black hole candidate XBs (BHXBs) in the hard X-ray state, of the form L_OIR is proportional to Lx^0.6. This correlation holds over 8 orders of magnitude in Lx and includes data from BHXBs in quiescence and at large distances (LMC and M31). A similar correlation is found in low-mass neutron star XBs (NSXBs) in the hard state. For BHXBs in the soft state, all the near-infrared (NIR) and some of the optical emission is suppressed below the correlation, a behaviour indicative of the jet switching off/on in transition to/from the soft state. We compare these relations to theoretical models of a number of emission processes. We find that X-ray reprocessing in the disc and emission from the jets both predict a slope close to 0.6 for BHXBs, and both contribute to the OIR in BHXBs in the hard state, the jets producing ~90 percent of the NIR emission at high luminosities. X-ray reprocessing dominates the OIR in NSXBs in the hard state, with possible contributions from the jets (only at high luminosity) and the viscously heated disc. We also show that the optically thick jet spectrum of BHXBs extends to near the K-band. (abridged)Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS; 19 pages, 7 figure

The impact of polymorphic variants of interferon receptor genes on COVID-19 severity and antibiotic resistance

Single nucleotide substitutions in gene sequence associated with conformational changes in protein receptor or in expression of interferon receptors may explain variations in human susceptibility to infection and severity of COVID-19 along with other well-known risk factors. The study aimed to investigate associations between polymorphic variants of interferon receptor genes, COVID-19 severity and prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in the gut microbiota. Materials and methods. The study was conducted using a random sample of Arkhangelsk population aged 42 to 76 years (n = 305). The research involved gathering COVID-19 data from the Federal Register, conducting blood tests for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and polymorphic interferon receptor gene variants, and identifying antibiotic resistance genes in stool samples. Results. During the first 12–15 months of the COVID-19 pandemic, 17.4% of the study participants had symptomatic COVID-19, while 32.8% were asymptomatic. By the Autumn of 2022, symptomatic COVID-19 cases rose up to 36.4%, while asymptomatic cases increased to 61.3%. We reveal an association between the CC genotype of the IFNAR1 gene rs2257167 variant, the presence of the T allele of IFNAR2 gene rs2229207 variant, the CCTT haplotype and symptomatic COVID-19. The GCTC haplotype was associated with pneumonia and COVID-19 severity. In November 2022, macrolide resistance genes were observed in 98.4% of cases, whereas those to beta-lactams and glycopeptides — in 26.9% and 13.8% cases, respectively. Resistance to three classes of antibiotics was observed in 4.9% and was more frequently detected in individuals with the ССТТ haplotype. Genes encoding beta-lactamases were more often found in individuals with the GCTC haplotype, those who had COVID-19 with pneumonia and those who received hospital treatment. Glycopeptide resistance genes were associated with the CC genotype of the rs2257167 variant of IFNAR1 gene. Conclusion. We identified genetic determinants of susceptibility, symptomatic infection and COVID-19 severity. The associations between polymorphic variants of interferon receptor genes and COVID-19 severity can be used to identify people with a genetic predisposition to severe infection and to determine priority groups for vaccination, including the prevention of antibiotic resistance in complicated course of viral infections

Распространенность генов устойчивости к антибиотикам в составе резистома взрослых жителей Архангельска с учетом тяжести перенесенной COVID-19

Objective: to estimate the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in the resistome of adult residents of Arkhangelsk with regard to the severity of the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19).Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted between October and November 2022 (2.5 years after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic) on a random sample (N=455) of Arkhangelsk population aged 42-76 years. The data collection involved a questionnaire survey, assessment of immunoglobulins G to S-, S2, N-proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and detection of antibiotic resistance genes in fecal samples by polymerase chain reaction.Results. Almost all participants (98.5%) had at least one antibiotic resistance gene, the resistance determinants to three classes of antibiotics simultaneously were detected in 5.6%. The prevalence of resistance genes to macrolides was 98.5%, to beta-lactams – 29.0%, and to glycopeptides – 16.0%. Antibiotic resistance genes to beta-lactams were more prevalent among participants who had previously been hospitalized for COVID-19 (44.8%) and among those having had frequent acute respiratory infections (50.0%). Individuals vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 (26.6%) and participants with cardiovascular diseases (17.0%) were less likely to have beta-lactam resistance genes.Conclusion. The high prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes has been revealed in the resistome of adult residents of Arkhangelsk. We determined the association between resistance to beta-lactams and COVID-19 severity. The study results could be used to improve the protocols of antibiotic therapy and to guide a decision-making related to the antibiotic prescription in adults.Цель: оценить распространённость генов устойчивости к антибиотикам в составе резистома взрослых жителей Архангельска с учётом тяжести перенесённой новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19).Материалы и методы: поперечное исследование проведено с октября по ноябрь 2022 г. (через 2,5 года от начала пандемии COVID-19) с участием случайной выборки (N=455) населения Архангельска в возрасте 42–76 лет. Процедура исследования включала опрос, определение иммуноглобулинов G к белкам вируса SARS-CoV-2 и выявление генов устойчивости к антибиотикам в образцах кала методом полимеразной цепной реакции.Результаты: практически все участники (98,5%) имели хотя бы 1 ген устойчивости к антибиотикам, у 5,6% выявлены детерминанты резистентности сразу к 3 классам антибиотиков. Распространённость генов устойчивости к макролидам составила 98,5%, к бета-лактамам – 29,0%, к гликопептидам – 16,0%. Гены резистентности к бета-лактамным антибиотикам чаще выявлялись среди участников, получавших стационарное лечение по поводу COVID-19 (44,8%), и среди лиц, часто болеющих острыми респираторными инфекциями (50,0%). Вакцинированные против SARS-CoV-2 (26,6%) и участники с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями (17,0%) реже имели гены резистентности к бета-лактамам.Заключение: выявлена высокая распространённость генов устойчивости к антибиотикам в составе резистома взрослых жителей Архангельска. Определена связь между резистентностью к бета-лактамам и тяжестью перенесённой COVID-19. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы для оптимизации протоколов стартовой антибиотикотерапии и принятия решений, связанных с назначением антимикробных препаратов различным категориям взрослого населения

Host galaxies, clustering, Eddington ratios, and evolution of radio, X-ray, and infrared-selected AGNs

We explore the connection between different classes of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and the evolution of their host galaxies, by deriving host galaxy properties, clustering, and Eddington ratios of AGNs selected in the radio, X-ray, and infrared. We study a sample of 585 AGNs at 0.25 < z < 0.8 using redshifts from the AGN and Galaxy Evolution Survey (AGES) and data in the radio (WSRT 1.4 GHz), X-rays (Chandra XBootes), and mid-IR (IRAC Shallow Survey). The radio, X-ray, and IR AGN samples show modest overlap, indicating that to the flux limits of the survey, they represent largely distinct classes of AGNs. We derive host galaxy colors and luminosities, as well as Eddington ratios (lambda), for obscured or optically faint AGNs. We also measure the two-point cross-correlation between AGNs and galaxies on scales of 0.3-10 h^-1 Mpc, and derive typical dark matter halo masses. We find that: (1) radio AGNs are mainly found in luminous red galaxies, are strongly clustered (with M_halo ~ 3x10^13 h^-1 M_sun), and have very low lambda <~ 10^-3; (2) X-ray-selected AGNs are preferentially found in galaxies in the "green valley" of color-magnitude space and are clustered similarly to typical AGES galaxies (M_halo ~ 10^13 h^-1 M_sun), with 10^-3 <~ lambda <~ 1; (3) IR AGNs reside in slightly bluer, less luminous galaxies than X-ray AGNs, are weakly clustered (M_halo <~ 10^12 h^-1 M_sun), and have lambda > 10^-2. We interpret these results in terms of a simple model of AGN and galaxy evolution, whereby a "quasar" phase and the growth of the stellar bulge occurs when a galaxy's dark matter halo reaches a critical mass between ~10^12 and 10^13 M_sun. Subsequently, star formation ceases and AGN accretion shifts from radiatively efficient (optical- and IR- bright) to radiatively inefficient (optically-faint, radio-bright) modes.Comment: 30 emulateapj pages, 21 figures, 3 tables, v2: minor changes match version to appear in Ap

Studying the formation of Si (100) stepped surface in molecular-beam epitaxy

Experimental studies of the formation of a stepped surface structure during molecular-beam epitaxy of silicon on a Si (100) substrate have been carried out in wide ranges of variation of the substrate temperature and silicon growth rate. The conditions of the transition from a two-domain structure of the Si (100) surface to a single-domain structure associated with the formation of diatomic steps are determined using reflection high-energy electron diffraction. It is shown that the effect of an increase in the substrate temperature on the transition to a single-domain structure is non-monotonic: a single-domain surface forms in the region of relatively low temperatures, whereas a two-domain surface forms at high temperatures. The transition to a single-domain structure during the experiment is possible only, if the silicon growth rate is increased above a certain minimum value

Diabetic encephalopathy: Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, therapy approaches

The paper considers the epidemiology, morphology, and clinical manifestations of diabetic encephalopathy. It shows the differences of diabetic encephalopathy in types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. Pathogenetic treatment options for diabetic encephalopathy are given.</p

Studying the formation of Si (100) stepped surface in molecular-beam epitaxy

Experimental studies of the formation of a stepped surface structure during molecular-beam epitaxy of silicon on a Si (100) substrate have been carried out in wide ranges of variation of the substrate temperature and silicon growth rate. The conditions of the transition from a two-domain structure of the Si (100) surface to a single-domain structure associated with the formation of diatomic steps are determined using reflection high-energy electron diffraction. It is shown that the effect of an increase in the substrate temperature on the transition to a single-domain structure is non-monotonic: a single-domain surface forms in the region of relatively low temperatures, whereas a two-domain surface forms at high temperatures. The transition to a single-domain structure during the experiment is possible only, if the silicon growth rate is increased above a certain minimum value