Transmission Shaft Performance Using Static Simulation for Brushing Simulator

The brushing simulator assists researchers and dentists in conducting investigations on human teeth and plaque removal. In this paper, the development of a brushing simulator is studied. Which focuses on the life expectancy of shaft material used in the development process in the future. The aim of this study is to analyse the stress distribution of the aluminium and brushing simulator’s stainless steel threaded shafts. Besides, to analyse the brushing simulator’s threaded shaft life expectancy. The motor speed of Set 1 can be modified to 450 rpm, 480 rpm, 510 rpm, or 540 rpm. Meanwhile, speeds for set 2 are 550 rpm, 580 rpm, 610 rpm, and 640 rpm. In this study, Solidworks software was used to construct a brushing simulator model and obtain the result of stress distribution in a static simulation. The life expectancy of the aluminium and stainless-steel threaded shafts was determined from the design calculation method by using the simulation data. The threaded shaft life expectancy result showed that stainless steel is more durable than aluminium which is 3522 hours from set 1 compared to 728 hours at 640 rpm for the aluminium threaded shaft. Based on its material properties, the findings indicate that stainless steel is stronger than aluminium. Furthermore, the study shows that life expectancy at speeds below 550 rpm is higher than at speeds above 550 rpm. Hence, the life expectancy of a threaded shaft decreases as the speed increases

Isolated Scaphoid Dislocation From Low-Energy Wrist Trauma

Isolated scaphoid dislocation is an extremely rare injury typically caused by high-energy trauma. We present the first observed case of isolated scaphoid dislocation resulting from a non-traumatic injury of the wrist in power-grip tension in a patient with a questionable history of Marfan Syndrome. A 20-yearold right-hand dominant man presented to the emergency department with right wrist pain and deformation after carrying a table. The patient reported a possible history of Marfan Syndrome, but it had never been definitively diagnosed. Imaging revealed radial dislocation of the scaphoid. Bedside closed reduction was performed followed by outpatient ligament reconstruction with return to normal activities at 6 months. Early diagnosis and management lead to an improved prognosis for isolated scaphoid dislocation. Regardless of patient history or mechanism of injury, treatment options include closed reduction, percutaneous fixation, and/or open reduction with internal fixation and ligamentous reconstructio

Pyoderma Gangrenosum after Fat Grafting in Alloplastic Breast Reconstruction: An Unusual Outcome.

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare and painful inflammatory skin disorder that has been recently associated with breast surgery. It is commonly mistaken for postoperative ischemia or wound infection and does not show response to antibiotics or debridement. We describe the first case of post-surgical PG (PSPG) after alloplastic breast reconstruction involving fat grafting. A 47-year-old woman underwent bilateral mastectomy and 2-stage alloplastic breast reconstruction, with fat grafting from the abdomen. Two days post-surgery, she developed bilateral erythema with tender grouped pustules that progressed rapidly into necrotic ulcerations. She did not respond to antibiotics and serial debridement. Subsequent biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of PG. She was started on steroid therapy and responded well. She was discharged on a steroid regimen, local wound care, and eventually a T-cell inhibitor. Over the next 12 months, her wounds healed without surgical intervention. PSPG has been observed in a variety of reconstructive breast surgeries, but never reported in the setting of fat grafting. As PG involves subcutaneous fat, fat grafting may accelerate and exacerbate the course of disease. Treatment for PSPG includes systemic steroid therapy or other immunomodulatory agents (or both). Surgical management remains controversial, as serial debridement and reconstruction have shown to exacerbate and stimulate disease progression. A long-term follow-up is recommended to monitor for wound healing. Delayed diagnosis of PG in breast reconstruction patients can lead to severe morbidity and disfigurement. This is first case of PSPG following fat grafting in the literature

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) tissue culture ESTs: identifying genes associated with callogenesis and embryogenesis

Background: Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is one of the most important oil bearing crops in the world. However, genetic improvement of oil palm through conventional breeding is extremely slow and costly, as the breeding cycle can take up to 10 years. This has brought about interest in vegetative propagation of oil palm. Since the introduction of oil palm tissue culture in the 1970s, clonal propagation has proven to be useful, not only in producing uniform planting materials, but also in the development of the genetic engineering programme. Despite considerable progress in improving the tissue culture techniques, the callusing and embryogenesis rates from proliferating callus cultures remain very low. Thus, understanding the gene diversity and expression profiles in oil palm tissue culture is critical in increasing the efficiency of these processes. Results: A total of 12 standard cDNA libraries, representing three main developmental stages in oil palm tissue culture, were generated in this study. Random sequencing of clones from these cDNA libraries generated 17,599 expressed sequence tags (ESTs). The ESTs were analysed, annotated and assembled to generate 9,584 putative unigenes distributed in 3,268 consensi and 6,316 singletons. These unigenes were assigned putative functions based on similarity and gene ontology annotations. Cluster analysis, which surveyed the relatedness of each library based on the abundance of ESTs in each consensus, revealed that lipid transfer proteins were highly expressed in embryogenic tissues. A glutathione S-transferase was found to be highly expressed in non-embryogenic callus. Further analysis of the unigenes identified 648 non-redundant simple sequence repeats and 211 putative full-length open reading frames. Conclusion: This study has provided an overview of genes expressed during oil palm tissue culture. Candidate genes with expression that are modulated during tissue culture were identified. However, in order to confirm whether these genes are suitable as early markers for embryogenesis, the genes need to be tested on earlier stages of tissue culture and a wider range of genotypes. This collection of ESTs is an important resource for genetic and genome analyses of the oil palm, particularly during tissue culture development

Hypocalcemia, hypochloremia, and eosinopenia as clinical predictors of leptospirosis: a retrospective study

Background: Underestimation of leptospirosis cases is happening in many countries. The most common factor of underreporting is misdiagnosis. Considering the limitations of direct detection of pathogen and serological diagnosis for leptospirosis, clinical features and blood tests though non-specific are usually referred in making presumptive diagnosis to decide disease management. Methods: In this single-centre retrospective study, comparative analysis on clinical presentations and laboratory findings was performed between confirmed leptospirosis versus non leptospirosis cases. Results: In multivariate logistic regression evidenced by a Hosmer-Lemeshow significance value of 0.979 and Nagelkerke R square of 0.426, the predictors of a leptospirosis case are hypocalcemia (calcium <2.10mmol/L), hypochloremia (chloride <98mmol/L), and eosinopenia (absolute eosinophil count <0.040×109/L). The proposed diagnostic scoring model has a discriminatory power with area under the curve (AUC) 0.761 (p<0.001). A score value of 6 reflected a sensitivity of 0.762, specificity of 0.655, a positive predictive value of 0.38, negative predictive value of 0.91, a positive likelihood ratios of 2.21, and a negative likelihood ratios of 0.36. Conclusion: With further validation in clinical settings, implementation of this diagnostic scoring model is helpful to manage presumed leptospirosis especially in the absence of leptospirosis confirmatory tests

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI