1,038 research outputs found
Using association rules mining to explore pattern of Chinese medicinal formulae (prescription) in treating and preventing breast cancer recurrence and metastasis.
published_or_final_versio
Human Pose Estimation on Privacy-Preserving Low-Resolution Depth Images
Human pose estimation (HPE) is a key building block for developing AI-based
context-aware systems inside the operating room (OR). The 24/7 use of images
coming from cameras mounted on the OR ceiling can however raise concerns for
privacy, even in the case of depth images captured by RGB-D sensors. Being able
to solely use low-resolution privacy-preserving images would address these
concerns and help scale up the computer-assisted approaches that rely on such
data to a larger number of ORs. In this paper, we introduce the problem of HPE
on low-resolution depth images and propose an end-to-end solution that
integrates a multi-scale super-resolution network with a 2D human pose
estimation network. By exploiting intermediate feature-maps generated at
different super-resolution, our approach achieves body pose results on
low-resolution images (of size 64x48) that are on par with those of an approach
trained and tested on full resolution images (of size 640x480).Comment: Published at MICCAI-201
Manual Annotations on Depth Maps for Human Pose Estimation
Few works tackle the Human Pose Estimation on depth maps. Moreover, these methods usually rely on automatically annotated datasets, and these annotations are often imprecise and unreliable, limiting the achievable accuracy using this data as ground truth.
For this reason, in this paper we propose an annotation refinement tool of human poses, by means of body joints, and a novel set of fine joint annotations for the Watch-n-Patch dataset, which has been collected with the proposed tool.
Furthermore, we present a fully-convolutional architecture that performs the body pose estimation directly on depth maps.
The extensive evaluation shows that the proposed architecture outperforms the competitors in different training scenarios and is able to run in real-time
Neuroendocrine (Merkel cell) carcinoma of the retroperitoneum with no identifiable primary site
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Neuroendocrine carcinoma is an aggressive neoplasm that mainly affects elderly Caucasians and typically arises in sun-exposed areas of the skin. The disease is rather rare and only a relatively few cases present with no apparent primary lesion.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We report a case of an 81-year-old Caucasian male with neuroendocrine carcinoma, which initially presented as a large retroperitoneal mass. Pathological and immunohistochemical analysis of the transabdominal CT-guided biopsy specimen revealed tissue consistent with neuroendocrine carcinoma. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy and the mass was successfully excised along with an associated mesenteric lymph node.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>There are currently two possible explanations for what occurred in our patient. First, the retroperitoneal mass could be a massively enlarged lymph node where precursor cells became neoplastic. This would be consistent with a presumptive diagnosis of primary nodal disease. Alternatively, an initial skin lesion could have spontaneously regressed and the retroperitoneal mass represents a single site of metastasis. Since Merkel cell precursors have never been identified within lymph nodes, the latter theory seems more befitting. Moreover, metastasis to the retroperitoneal lymph nodes has been reported as relatively common when compared to other sites such as liver, bone, brain and skin.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Wide local excision of the primary tumor is the surgical treatment of choice for localized disease. We propose that further studies are needed to elucidate the true efficacy of chemotherapy in conventional as well as unconventional patients with neuroendocrine carcinoma.</p
Association between the Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 +49G > A polymorphism and cancer risk: a meta-analysis
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>As a key gene in the immunosurveillance of cell malignancy, Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4 is an important negative regulator of T cell activation and proliferation. The CTLA-4 +49G > A polymorphism is one of the most commonly studied polymorphisms in this gene due to its association with cancer risks, but previous results have been conflicting.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We preformed a meta-analysis using 22 eligible case-control studies (including 32 datasets) with a total of 11,273 patients and 13,179 controls to summarize the existing data on the association between the <it>CTLA-4 </it>+49G > A polymorphism and cancer risk.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Compared with the common <it>CTLA-4 </it>+49G > A GG genotype, the carriers of variant genotypes (<it>CTLA-4 </it>+49 GC/CC) had a 1.24-fold elevated risk of cancer (95% CI = 1.18-1.32, <it>P </it>< 0.05) under the dominant genetic model, as estimated using a fixed effect model. The effect of the <it>CTLA-4 </it>+49G > A polymorphism was further evaluated using stratification analysis. In four breast cancer studies, patients with the variant genotypes had a significantly increased risk of breast cancer (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.17-1.48, <it>P </it>< 0.00001). A similar result was found in three skin cancer studies (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.10-1.52, <it>P </it>= 0.001). In 26 solid tumor studies, subjects with the variant genotypes had a significantly higher risk of developing solid tumors (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.18-1.33, <it>P </it>< 0.00001) compared with the 6 non-solid tumor studies (OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.79-1.48, <it>P </it>= 0.62). Patients with variant genotypes had significantly increased risk of non-epithelial tumors and epithelial tumors, with ORs of 1.23 (95% CI = 1.14-1.32, <it>P </it>< 0.00001) and 1.29 (95% CI = 1.17-1.41, <it>P </it>< 0.00001), respectively. It was also demonstrated that the increased risk of cancer associated with <it>CTLA-4 </it>+49G > A variant genotypes was more pronounced in Caucasians (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.13-1.47, <it>P </it>= 0.0002), Asians (OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.16-1.32, <it>P </it>< 0.00001) and Chinese (OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.15-1.31, <it>P </it>< 0.00001).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our meta-analysis suggests that the <it>CTLA-4 </it>+49G > A polymorphism genotypes (GA + AA) might be associated with an increased risk of cancer, especially in Caucasians and Chinese.</p
Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus shiquicus in a small mammal community on the eastern Tibetan Plateau : host species composition, molecular prevalence, and epidemiological implications
Background
The eastern part of the Tibetan Plateau is now recognized as an endemic region with the highest reported human infection rates in the world of human alveolar echinococcosis (AE) caused by Echinococcus multilocularis. Existing epidemiological studies on AE have mainly focused on the synanthropic environment, while basic parasitological and ecological aspects in wildlife host species remain largely unknown, especially for small mammal hosts. Therefore, we examined small mammal host species composition, occurrence, and the prevalence of both E. multilocularis and E. shiquicus in Shiqu County (Sichuan Province, China), eastern Tibetan Plateau.
Results
In total, 346 small mammals from five rodent and one pika species were trapped from four randomly set 0.25 ha square plots. Two vole species, Lasiopodomys fuscus (n = 144) and Microtus limnophilus (n = 44), and the plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) (n = 135), were the three most-dominant species trapped. Although protoscoleces of E. multilocularis and E. shiquicus were only observed in L. fuscus and O. curzoniae, respectively, cox1 and nad1 gene DNA of E. shiquicus was detected in all the small mammal species except for Neodon irene, whereas E. multilocularis was detected in the three most-dominant species. The overall molecular prevalence of Echinococcus species was 5.8 (95% CI: 3.3â8.2%) ~ 10.7% (95% CI: 7.4â14.0%) (the conservative prevalence to the maximum prevalence with 95% CI in parentheses), whereas for E. multilocularis it was 4.3 (95% CI: 2.2â6.5%) ~ 6.7% (95% CI: 4.0â9.3%), and 1.5 (95% CI: 0.2â2.7%) ~ 4.1% (95% CI: 2.0â6.1%) for E. shiquicus. The prevalence of both E. multilocularis and E. shiquicus, was significantly higher in rodents (mainly voles) than in pikas. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that Echinococcus haplotypes of cox1 from small mammal hosts were actively involved in the sylvatic and anthropogenic transmission cycles of E. multilocularis in the eastern Tibetan Plateau.
Conclusions
In contrast to previous studies, the current results indicated that rodent species, rather than pikas, are probably more important natural intermediate hosts of E. multilocularis and E. shiquicus in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Thus, understanding interspecific dynamics between rodents and pikas is essential to studies of the echinococcosis transmission mechanism and human echinococcosis prevention in local communities.
Keywords:
Echinococcus multilocularis, E. shiquicus, Small mammal Prevalence, Tibetan Platea
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate and aldolase mediate glucose sensing by AMPK
čĄčçłćŻççŠä¸ćĺşćŹăć丝čŚçčĽĺ
ťçŠč´¨ďźĺŽä¸äť
ćŻćşä˝č˝éç丝čŚćĽćşďźäšćŻççŠč´¨ĺćç丝čŚĺćăĺ ć¤ďźčĄčçłç水嚳寚äşççŠä˝ćŻćĺ
śéčŚçăçśčďźĺ¨çć´ťä¸ďźä˝ĺ
čĄčçłć°´ĺšłç波ĺ¨ćŻĺĺ常č§çďźčżćŻĺ 为ć䝏ä¸ĺŻč˝ćŻćśćŻĺťé˝ĺ¨ćĺ
ĽčĄčçłďźçĄä¸ĺ¤§č§ăĺ§çčżĺ¨ĺ 个ĺ°ćśćč
太ĺżäşć˛Ąćśé´ĺéĽďźé˝äźĺźčľˇčĄčçłć°´ĺšłçćžčä¸éăčżćśďźćşä˝č˝ĺ¤č§Śĺä¸ĺĽććçčżç¨ĺşĺŻščżçąťâä¸ĺŠć
ĺľâďźĺ
śä¸ć为ĺ
łéŽçĺ°ąćŻćżć´ťâ䝣谢çć ¸ĺżč°čâââAMPKăĺ¨čĄčçłć°´ĺšłä¸éćśďźč˘Ťćżć´ťçAMPKč˝ĺ¤čż
éĺŻĺ¨ččŞăčç˝č´¨çĺ解䝣谢ďźĺ
łéĺŽäťŹçĺć䝣谢ďźäťč辡ĺ°çť´ććşä˝çč˝éĺçŠč´¨äťŁč°˘ç嚳襥ďźĺźĽčĄĽćşä˝ĺ čĄčçłä¸čśłĺźčľˇçč迍ĺĺăéŁäšďźćşä˝ĺŚä˝ćĺčĄčçłć°´ĺšłä¸éďźĺšśâäź éâçťAMPK使ĺ
śćżć´ťĺ˘ďźćĺŁĺ˝Šćć诞é˘çťçčżéĄšç 犜ćŁćŻĺç°äşçççśćä¸ćşä˝ćĺčĄčçłć°´ĺšłçćşĺśăéčżç 犜äťäťŹĺç°ďźć 莺ĺ¨ä¸ĺŤčĄčçłççťčĺšĺ
ťćĄäťśä¸ďźčżćŻĺ¨éĽĽéĽżçä˝čĄçłçĺ¨çŠä˝ĺ
ďźé˝ä¸č˝č§ćľĺ°AMPć°´ĺšłçä¸ĺďźčżĺ
ĺ说ćäşćşä˝ćä¸ĺĽĺ°ä¸ä¸şäşşçĽçăçŹçŤäşAMPçćĺşčĄčçłć°´ĺšłçćşĺśăĺ¨čżä¸ćĽçç 犜ä¸äťäťŹć示äşčżä¸ĺŽć´čżç¨ďźčĄčçłć°´ĺšłä¸éĺ°ĺźčľˇçčĄčçłäťŁč°˘ä¸é´çŠââćçł1,6-äşçŁˇé
¸ďźfructose-1,6-bisphosphateďźć°´ĺšłçä¸éďźčŻĽčżç¨čżä¸ćĽĺ°č˘Ťçłé
ľč§Łé衯ä¸ç䝣谢é
śââé矊é
śďźaldolaseďźćĺşďźĺ 为é矊é
śćŁćŻĺ°ĺŤć6个碳ĺĺçćçł1,6-äşçŁˇé
¸čŁč§Łćä¸ç˘łçłçé
śďźä¸ćŚé矊é
śâĺä¸ĺ°âçąčĄčçłčĄççćçł1,6-äşçŁˇé
¸ďźĺŽäžżâçżťč¸âďźäź éçťäšćŁćŻćĺŁĺ˝Šćć诞é˘çťĺ
ĺĺç°çćşśé
śä˝éĺžčżčćżć´ťAMPKă诼čżç¨ĺŽĺ
¨ä¸ćśĺAMPć°´ĺšłďźĺłč˝éć°´ĺšłçĺĺďźćŻä¸ćĄĺ
¨ć°çăĺŽĺ
¨ĺťşçŤĺ¨ĺŽé
çççć
ĺľä¸çé衯ăćĺŁĺ˝Šććčżä¸ćĽĺ°ćčĄčçłć°´ĺšłćťçťä¸şä¸ç§âçść俥ĺˇâďźäťĽĺşĺŤäşäź çťçâč˝é俥ĺˇâăćŽćďźčŻĽčĄčçłćçĽé衯çĺç°ĺŻšĺźĺç¨äşć˛ťçčĽčçďźäščłĺťśéżĺŻżĺ˝çčŻçŠĺ
ˇć桹čżçćäšăăAbstractăThe major energy source for most cells is glucose, from which ATP is generated via glycolysis and/or oxidative metabolism. Glucose deprivation activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)1, but it is unclear whether this activation occurs solely via changes in AMP or ADP, the classical activators of AMPK2, 3, 4, 5. Here, we describe an AMP/ADP-independent mechanism that triggers AMPK activation by sensing the absence of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP), with AMPK being progressively activated as extracellular glucose and intracellular FBP decrease. When unoccupied by FBP, aldolases promote the formation of a lysosomal complex containing at least v-ATPase, ragulator, axin, liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and AMPK, which has previously been shown to be required for AMPK activation6, 7. Knockdown of aldolases activates AMPK even in cells with abundant glucose, whereas the catalysis-defective D34S aldolase mutant, which still binds FBP, blocks AMPK activation. Cell-free reconstitution assays show that addition of FBP disrupts the association of axin and LKB1 with v-ATPase and ragulator. Importantly, in some cell types AMP/ATP and ADP/ATP ratios remain unchanged during acute glucose starvation, and intact AMP-binding sites on AMPK are not required for AMPK activation. These results establish that aldolase, as well as being a glycolytic enzyme, is a sensor of glucose availability that regulates AMPK.D.G.H. was supported by an Investigator Award from the Wellcome Trust (097726) and a Programme Grant from Cancer Research UK (C37030/A15101). S.-C.L. was supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Project of China (2016YFA0502001) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (#31430094, #31690101, #31571214, #31601152 and #J1310027)
Azimuthal anisotropy of charged particles at high transverse momenta in PbPb collisions at sqrt(s[NN]) = 2.76 TeV
The azimuthal anisotropy of charged particles in PbPb collisions at
nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV is measured with the CMS
detector at the LHC over an extended transverse momentum (pt) range up to
approximately 60 GeV. The data cover both the low-pt region associated with
hydrodynamic flow phenomena and the high-pt region where the anisotropies may
reflect the path-length dependence of parton energy loss in the created medium.
The anisotropy parameter (v2) of the particles is extracted by correlating
charged tracks with respect to the event-plane reconstructed by using the
energy deposited in forward-angle calorimeters. For the six bins of collision
centrality studied, spanning the range of 0-60% most-central events, the
observed v2 values are found to first increase with pt, reaching a maximum
around pt = 3 GeV, and then to gradually decrease to almost zero, with the
decline persisting up to at least pt = 40 GeV over the full centrality range
measured.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO
Performance of CMS muon reconstruction in pp collision events at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV
The performance of muon reconstruction, identification, and triggering in CMS
has been studied using 40 inverse picobarns of data collected in pp collisions
at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV at the LHC in 2010. A few benchmark sets of selection
criteria covering a wide range of physics analysis needs have been examined.
For all considered selections, the efficiency to reconstruct and identify a
muon with a transverse momentum pT larger than a few GeV is above 95% over the
whole region of pseudorapidity covered by the CMS muon system, abs(eta) < 2.4,
while the probability to misidentify a hadron as a muon is well below 1%. The
efficiency to trigger on single muons with pT above a few GeV is higher than
90% over the full eta range, and typically substantially better. The overall
momentum scale is measured to a precision of 0.2% with muons from Z decays. The
transverse momentum resolution varies from 1% to 6% depending on pseudorapidity
for muons with pT below 100 GeV and, using cosmic rays, it is shown to be
better than 10% in the central region up to pT = 1 TeV. Observed distributions
of all quantities are well reproduced by the Monte Carlo simulation.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO
- âŚ