Tendências de pesquisa em informação e tecnologia: análise do GT 8 no Encontro Nacional de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Informação

Over the years, information and technologies have been more and more impact in the activities of scientific production. The objective of the present work is to analyze the evolution of the main themes that are discussed in the WG 8 of ANCIB from 2008 to 2015 and to trace research tendencies in this WG. The study emerged from the need to know how the research themes discussed in the WG 8 have evolved, from its creation to the present day. The adopted methodological procedures were characterized as an exploratory and descriptive study, with qualitative approach, which was constituted by means of a detailed survey in the annals of ENANCIB. From the developed analysis, they were verified, by means of the approached themes, tendencies in the research ambit of Information Science in the communications of ANCIB, precisely in the WG 8 of ENANCIB. Among the presentation techniques, they were adopted tag clouds in the visualization of results. The results indicate that during all the trajectory of the studied WG, there was production about the highlighted theme, indicating that it should remain active. Among the research themes, the category of Information Architecture was featured, once it has the biggest number of occurrences published in the WG 8 during the studied period. This way, it is understood that it is configures as a research tendency.No decorrer dos anos, o avanço tecnológico e o uso intenso da informação e das tecnologias tem impactado nas atividades de produção científica. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a evolução das principais temáticas discutidas no GT 8 da ANCIB, no período de 2008 a 2015, e traçar tendências de pesquisa no GT. O estudo surge pela necessidade de saber como evoluem as temáticas de pesquisa discutidas no GT8, desde sua criação até os dias atuais. Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados foram caracterizados por um estudo descritivo e exploratório com abordagem quantitativa, constituindose por meio de um levantamento detalhado dos anais do ENANCIB. A partir das análises que foram realizadas, verificamos, pelas temáticas abordadas, tendências no âmbito da pesquisa em Ciência da Informação nas comunicações da ANCIB, no interior do GT8 do ENANCIB. Foram adotadas entre as técnicas de apresentação, as nuvens de tags para visualização dos resultados. Os resultados indicam que durante todo o percurso do GT, houve produção da temática destacada, indicando que ela deve permanecer ativa. Entre as temáticas de pesquisa, a categoria Arquitetura da Informação teve destaque abrigando o maior numero de ocorrências publicados no GT 8 durante o período em estudo, entendemos que assim, se configura como tendência de pesquisa

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Resumos em andamento - Saúde Coletiva

Resumos em andamento - Saúde Coletiv

Resumos em andamento - Saúde Coletiva

Resumos em andamento - Saúde Coletiv

Resumos concluídos - Saúde Coletiva

Resumos concluídos - Saúde Coletiv

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data