Laser Velocimetry Measurements in a Double Volute Centrifugal Pump

Laser velocimetry measurements were taken in a double volute/single discharge centrifugal pump (0.60 specific speed, 1583 US units) with symmetrical volute halves. Blade-to-blade radial and tangential velocity profiles at the impeller exit are presented and compared to data for a similar single volute pump. Flow rates ranged from 40% of design flow to the design point. The blade-to-blade profiles were more uniform than for the single volute pump. Also, the average circumferential variations for the double volute pump were more symmetric than for the single volute pump. For the double volute geometry measurements indicate that radial inward flow (recirculation) was only present for flow rates below 60% of design flow, compared to 80% of design flow for the single volute pump. Velocity data was also used to determine volute losses, slip factor, and momentum contributions to the impeller radial forces. Volute losses were quantified and shown to increase for flow rates below 80% of design flow and were approximately 10% of the developed head at 40% flow. The efficiency in the double volute compared to the single volute shows decreased performance for flows above 55% of design flow, which is attributed to increased boundary layer friction; at low flow rates increased performance is ascribed to better control over the recirculation regions. Slip factors were symmetric around the volute but were lower than for a single volute pump. Finally, momentum contributions to the total impeller radial load were shown to be maximum at the design point, contributing 40% of the force developed by the pressure distribution; the significance diminished at lower flow rates and the contribution was negligible at 40% of the design flow

Planeamiento estratégico de la Provincia de Cajabamba

La provincia de Cajabamba está ubicada en el extremo sur de la región de Cajamarca, conocida por su paradisiaca belleza de la Cordillera de los Andes del Perú, combinada con sus recursos mineros, productos agropecuarios y el comercio entre sus cuatro distritos y con otras regiones incluida la capital, presenta un alto grado de pobreza y pobreza extrema en su población, además de un bajo número de asistentes a educación secundaria, carreras técnicas y universitarios, debido a una falta de motivación y planificación a favor del desarrollo sostenible de la provincia. La propuesta del Plan Estratégico de la provincia de Cajabamba desarrollado en esta tesis incluye los cinco importantes rubros actuales en la provincia, que son: (a) agricultura, desarrollando los productos agrícolas dependiendo de los beneficios económicos para los productos, asociaciones, distritos y provincia, apoyados del uso de tecnologías y proyectos de investigación conjuntamente con el gobierno y las universidades; (b) pecuaria, incrementar la calidad de los productos ofrecidos en miras a un comercio no solo a nivel nacional, sino internacional, con capacitaciones constantes para la formación de empresas que tenga una base sólida para el futuro; (c) minería, tomando acciones con ayuda del gobierno central para la disminución de la minería informal, entablando relación con los grupos de interés para el alcance de objetivos comunes entre la minería, la provincia y los pobladores; (d) turismo, fomentar el turismo con el mejoramiento de las vías de transportes interdistrital, junto con un adecuado ofrecimiento de lugares turísticos a los turistas tanto nacionales como internacionales y (e) comercio, mejorando los niveles de comercio no solo provincial, sino entre regiones y de forma internacional. Sin embargo, todo desarrollo no puede ser sostenible en el tiempo si es que no se refuerza la educación en la poblaciónCajabamba's province is located in the south of Cajamarca's region, known by his paradisiac beauty of the mountains chain of Andes in Peru, combined with his mining resources, agricultural products and the trade between his four districts and with other regions included the capital, presents a high degree of poverty and poverty extreme in his population, besides a low number of assistants to secondary education, technical careers and university students, due to a shortage of motivation and planning in favor of the province’s development. The proposal of the Strategic Plan of Cajabamba's province developed in this one thesis includes five important current items in the province, which they are: (a) Agriculture, developing the agricultural products depending on the economic benefits for the products, associations, districts and province, supported on the use of technologies and projects of investigation together with the government and the universities; (b) cattle, to increase the quality of the products offered in looks to a not alone national, but international trade, with constant trainings for the formation of companies that has a solid base for the future; (c) mining industry, taking actions with help of the central government for the decrease of the informal mining industry, beginning relation with the stakeholders for the scope of common aims between the mining industry, the province and the settlers; ; (d) tourism, to promote the tourism with the improvement of the routes of transport inter districts, together with a suitable offer of tourist places to the both national and international tourists and (e) business, improving the levels of not alone provincial trade, but between regions and of international form. Nevertheless, any development cannot be sustainable in the time if it is that the education is not reinforced in the populationTesi

Comunidades educativas saludables : prácticas pedagógicas en Colombia y México

134 páginas : imágenes ; 28 cm.Los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible 2030 (ODS) tienen como propósito reconocer que las intervenciones en un área, afectarán los resultados de otras y el desarrollo debe equilibrar la sostenibilidad medioambiental, económica y social. Una de esas áreas es la Educación, cuyo objetivo es el de “Garantizar una educación inclusiva, equitativa y de calidad y promover oportunidades de aprendizaje durante toda la vida para todos”. En este sentido, el Gobierno de Colombia, establece una serie de programas y políticas para los próximos años como una oportunidad clave para generar transformaciones y dar impulso político a temas de interés local, regional nacional e internacional que permitan mejorar la calidad de vida de todos los colombianos. En concordancia, la Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina como una institución educativa de carácter humanista y social, refleja en sus prácticas académicas, la cultura institucional, el énfasis formativo y el compromiso con el entorno, mediante la transformación de su contexto, el aprendizaje constante y en coherencia con su misión institucional.Introducción. -- Higienización de manos en comunidades escolares: educación para la salud. -- Educomunicación para la prevención de enfermedades zoonóticas en primarias de Yucatán, México. -- Propuesta didáctica dirigida a la promoción de educación para la salud en adolescentes. -- Educación para la salud: experiencias de intervención en Yucatán, México

Global quieting of high-frequency seismic noise due to COVID-19 pandemic lockdown measures

Human activity causes vibrations that propagate into the ground as high-frequency seismic waves. Measures to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic caused widespread changes in human activity, leading to a months-long reduction in seismic noise of up to 50%. The 2020 seismic noise quiet period is the longest and most prominent global anthropogenic seismic noise reduction on record. While the reduction is strongest at surface seismometers in populated areas, this seismic quiescence extends for many kilometers radially and hundreds of meters in depth. This provides an opportunity to detect subtle signals from subsurface seismic sources that would have been concealed in noisier times and to benchmark sources of anthropogenic noise. A strong correlation between seismic noise and independent measurements of human mobility suggests that seismology provides an absolute, real-time estimate of population dynamics

Measurement of the inclusive isolated-photon cross section in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV using 36 fb−1 of ATLAS data

The differential cross section for isolated-photon production in pp collisions is measured at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC using an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb. The differential cross section is presented as a function of the photon transverse energy in different regions of photon pseudorapidity. The differential cross section as a function of the absolute value of the photon pseudorapidity is also presented in different regions of photon transverse energy. Next-to-leading-order QCD calculations from Jetphox and Sherpa as well as next-to-next-to-leading-order QCD calculations from Nnlojet are compared with the measurement, using several parameterisations of the proton parton distribution functions. The predictions provide a good description of the data within the experimental and theoretical uncertainties. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

Between but not within species variation in the distribution of fitness effects

New mutations provide the raw material for evolution and adaptation. The distribution of fitness effects (DFE) describes the spectrum of effects of new mutations that can occur along a genome, and is therefore of vital interest in evolutionary biology. Recent work has uncovered striking similarities in the DFE between closely related species, prompting us to ask whether there is variation in the DFE among populations of the same species, or among species with different degrees of divergence, i.e., whether there is variation in the DFE at different levels of evolution. Using exome capture data from six tree species sampled across Europe we characterised the DFE for multiple species, and for each species, multiple populations, and investigated the factors potentially influencing the DFE, such as demography, population divergence and genetic background. We find statistical support for there being variation in the DFE at the species level, even among relatively closely related species. However, we find very little difference at the population level, suggesting that differences in the DFE are primarily driven by deep features of species biology, and that evolutionarily recent events, such as demographic changes and local adaptation, have little impact

Socializing One Health: an innovative strategy to investigate social and behavioral risks of emerging viral threats

In an effort to strengthen global capacity to prevent, detect, and control infectious diseases in animals and people, the United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Emerging Pandemic Threats (EPT) PREDICT project funded development of regional, national, and local One Health capacities for early disease detection, rapid response, disease control, and risk reduction. From the outset, the EPT approach was inclusive of social science research methods designed to understand the contexts and behaviors of communities living and working at human-animal-environment interfaces considered high-risk for virus emergence. Using qualitative and quantitative approaches, PREDICT behavioral research aimed to identify and assess a range of socio-cultural behaviors that could be influential in zoonotic disease emergence, amplification, and transmission. This broad approach to behavioral risk characterization enabled us to identify and characterize human activities that could be linked to the transmission dynamics of new and emerging viruses. This paper provides a discussion of implementation of a social science approach within a zoonotic surveillance framework. We conducted in-depth ethnographic interviews and focus groups to better understand the individual- and community-level knowledge, attitudes, and practices that potentially put participants at risk for zoonotic disease transmission from the animals they live and work with, across 6 interface domains. When we asked highly-exposed individuals (ie. bushmeat hunters, wildlife or guano farmers) about the risk they perceived in their occupational activities, most did not perceive it to be risky, whether because it was normalized by years (or generations) of doing such an activity, or due to lack of information about potential risks. Integrating the social sciences allows investigations of the specific human activities that are hypothesized to drive disease emergence, amplification, and transmission, in order to better substantiate behavioral disease drivers, along with the social dimensions of infection and transmission dynamics. Understanding these dynamics is critical to achieving health security--the protection from threats to health-- which requires investments in both collective and individual health security. Involving behavioral sciences into zoonotic disease surveillance allowed us to push toward fuller community integration and engagement and toward dialogue and implementation of recommendations for disease prevention and improved health security

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030