Da fotografia como arte à arte como fotografia: a experiência do Museu de Arte Contemporânea da USP na década de 1970

Este ensaio visa sistematizar os primeiros resultados de uma pesquisa, ainda em curso, sobre o processo de legitimação da fotografia pelo sistema de arte no Brasil, cujo foco principal é o museu. Os museus de arte da cidade de São Paulo foram escolhidos para dar início a essa investigação. Primeiramente, será abordada, em linhas gerais, a presença da fotografia no Museu de Arte Moderna de São Paulo e na Bienal de São Paulo, dada a vinculação de origem do Museu de Arte Contemporânea com essas duas instituições paulistanas. Na seqüência será analisada a formação do acervo fotográfico do Museu de Arte Contemporânea da Universidade de São Paulo durante a década de 1970. Por fim, esse percurso permitirá observar que a atuação de Walter Zanini, o primeiro diretor do Museu, e as particularidades da posição do MAC-USP no sistema de arte no Brasil naquele período resultaram no entendimento da fotografia prioritariamente no âmbito da arte contemporânea de caráter experimental e não como obra de arte autônoma, segundo os princípios da chamada fotografia artística.This article presents the first findings of a research still under development about the process of legitimation of photography as a kind of art by the artistic scene in Brazil. The art museums of the city of São Paulo were chosen for starting that research. Initially, we will be investigating the presence of photography at the Contemporary Art Museum of São Paulo and at the Biennial of São Paulo, as the origin of the Contemporary Art Museum is tided to those two institutions. Following, the arrangement of the photographic technical reserve of the Contemporary Art Museum in the 1970s will be analyzed. This study will be focusing on the work of Walter Zanini, as the first director of the museum, and on the particularities of MAC-USP position in the art system in Brazil which resulted in the understanding of photography as belonging to the sphere of contemporary art in an experimental way and not as an autonomous work of art, according to the principals of the so called artistic photography

The global abundance of tree palms

Aim Palms are an iconic, diverse and often abundant component of tropical ecosystems that provide many ecosystem services. Being monocots, tree palms are evolutionarily, morphologically and physiologically distinct from other trees, and these differences have important consequences for ecosystem services (e.g., carbon sequestration and storage) and in terms of responses to climate change. We quantified global patterns of tree palm relative abundance to help improve understanding of tropical forests and reduce uncertainty about these ecosystems under climate change. Location Tropical and subtropical moist forests. Time period Current. Major taxa studied Palms (Arecaceae). Methods We assembled a pantropical dataset of 2,548 forest plots (covering 1,191 ha) and quantified tree palm (i.e., ≥10 cm diameter at breast height) abundance relative to co‐occurring non‐palm trees. We compared the relative abundance of tree palms across biogeographical realms and tested for associations with palaeoclimate stability, current climate, edaphic conditions and metrics of forest structure. Results On average, the relative abundance of tree palms was more than five times larger between Neotropical locations and other biogeographical realms. Tree palms were absent in most locations outside the Neotropics but present in >80% of Neotropical locations. The relative abundance of tree palms was more strongly associated with local conditions (e.g., higher mean annual precipitation, lower soil fertility, shallower water table and lower plot mean wood density) than metrics of long‐term climate stability. Life‐form diversity also influenced the patterns; palm assemblages outside the Neotropics comprise many non‐tree (e.g., climbing) palms. Finally, we show that tree palms can influence estimates of above‐ground biomass, but the magnitude and direction of the effect require additional work. Conclusions Tree palms are not only quintessentially tropical, but they are also overwhelmingly Neotropical. Future work to understand the contributions of tree palms to biomass estimates and carbon cycling will be particularly crucial in Neotropical forests

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

A História da Alimentação: balizas historiográficas

Os M. pretenderam traçar um quadro da História da Alimentação, não como um novo ramo epistemológico da disciplina, mas como um campo em desenvolvimento de práticas e atividades especializadas, incluindo pesquisa, formação, publicações, associações, encontros acadêmicos, etc. Um breve relato das condições em que tal campo se assentou faz-se preceder de um panorama dos estudos de alimentação e temas correia tos, em geral, segundo cinco abardagens Ia biológica, a econômica, a social, a cultural e a filosófica!, assim como da identificação das contribuições mais relevantes da Antropologia, Arqueologia, Sociologia e Geografia. A fim de comentar a multiforme e volumosa bibliografia histórica, foi ela organizada segundo critérios morfológicos. A seguir, alguns tópicos importantes mereceram tratamento à parte: a fome, o alimento e o domínio religioso, as descobertas européias e a difusão mundial de alimentos, gosto e gastronomia. O artigo se encerra com um rápido balanço crítico da historiografia brasileira sobre o tema

Trombolisis intravenosa en ataque cerebrovascular isquémico agudo en Santa Cruz Bolivia: análisis retrospectivo de los primeros 18 casos

Objective: describe the experience in the implementation of the thrombolysis intravenous protocol in eighteen patients with acute ischemic stroke in the Stroke unit from the Foianini Clinic specifically, between September of 2013 and July of 2017. Methods: the study has a quantitative, descriptive and retrospective approach. The medical record of the patients with the acute ischemic stroke diagnosis treated with intravenous thrombolytic (Alteplasa) in the UTAC service between September of 2013 and July 2017 in Santa Cruz Bolivia was revised. Results: symptoms-Door time reached to 62.7 +/- 38 minutes. While the time Door- needle time was 53.6 +/- 15 minutes and the time symptoms- needle 114.6 +/- 3 days of internment in the clinic, passing out an average of 2.8 +/- 2 days in the stroke unit. The mortality tax was 16.6%. According to the modified Rankin Scale, it had a 0-1 mRS score. Conclusions: the time Door-needle in our establishment was an average of 57 minutes, fulfilling in this way the recommendation of the American Heart Association Guidelines 2013, which emphasize that it has to be < 60Objetivos: describir la experiencia en la implementación del protocolo de trombolisis i.v. en 18 pacientes con Accidente Cerebrovascular (ACV) isquémico en la Unidad de ACV de la Clínica Foianini, concretamente, entre septiembre de 2013 y julio de 2017. Métodos: el estudio tiene un enfoque cuantitativo, tipo descriptivo y retrospectivo. Se revisó las historias clínicas de los pacientes con diagnóstico de ACV isquémico agudo, que fueron tratados con trombolitico intravenoso (Alteplasa) en el servicio UTAC, entre septiembre de 2013 y julio 2017 en Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Resultados: el Tiempo Síntoma-Puerta alcanzo a 62,7 +/- 38 min, mientras que el Tiempo Puerta-Aguja fue de 53,6 +/- 15 min. y Tiempo Síntoma-Aguja 114,6 +/- 43 min. Se registraron complicaciones en 6 (33,3%). promedio de 4,6 +/- 3 días de internación en la clínica, pasando un promedio de 2,8 +/- 2 días en la Unidad de ACV. La tasa de mortalidad fue de 16,6%. Según la Escala Modficada de Rankin, tuvieron un puntaje de 0-1 mRS. Conclusiones: el tiempo Puerta-Aguja en nuestro establecimiento fue de un promedio de 57 minutos, cumpliendo de esta forma la recomendación de la American Heart Association Guidelines 2013, la cual recalca que éste debe ser <60 min13

Dot-ELISA for the detection of anti-Cysticercus cellulosae antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid using a new solid phase (resin-treated polyester fabric) and Cysticercus longicollis antigens

A dot-ELISA was developed for the detection of antibodies in CSF in the immunologic diagnosis of human neurocysticercosis, using antigen extracts of the membrane and scolex of Cysticercus cellulosae (M+S-Cc) and, alternately, membrane (M) and vesicular fluid (VF) of Cysticercus longicollis (Cl) covalently bound to a new solid phase consisting of polyester fabric treated with N-methylol-acrylamide resin (dot-RT). The test was performed at room temperature, with reduced incubation times and with no need for special care in the manipulation of the support. The sensitivity rates obtained were 95.1% for antigen Cc and 97.6% for antigen Cl. Specificity was 90.6% when Cc was used, and 96.9% and 100% when M-Cl and VF-Cl were used, respectively. No significant differences in titer were observed between tests carried out with homologous and heterologous antigens. The low cost and easy execution of the dot-RT test using antigen extracts of Cysticercus longicollis indicate the test for use in the immunodiagnosis of human neurocysticercosis.Foi desenvolvido o teste dot-ELISA para detecção de anticorpos em líquido cefalorraquiano (LCR) no diagnóstico imunológico da neurocisticercose humana, utilizando antígenos de membrana e escólex de Cysticercus cellulosae (M+E-Cc) e, alternativamente, membrana (M) e líquido vesicular (LV) de Cysticercus longicollis (Cl) covalentemente ligados a um novo suporte constituído de tecido de poliéster-resina de N-metilol-acrilamida (dot-TR). O teste foi realizado à temperatura ambiente, com tempos de incubação reduzidos e sem necessidade de cuidados na manipulação do suporte. A sensibilidade obtida foi de 95,1% para o antígeno Cc e 97,6% para o Cl. A especificidade foi de 90,6% quando o antígeno Cc foi usado, e 96,9% e 100% para M-Cl e LV-Cl, respectivamente. Não foi observada diferença significativa entre os antígenos homólogo e heterólogo. O baixo custo e a fácil execução do teste dot-TR empregando extratos antigênicos de Cysticercus longicollis indicam que pode ser empregado como alternativa no imunodiagnóstico da neurocisticercose humana

Schistosoma mansoni circulating polysaccharide and protein antigens recognized by sheep antisera in patients with different clinical forms of schistosomiasis before and after treatment

Two sheep antisera, one of which raised against polysaccharide (Po) and other against protein (Pt) components of Schistosoma mansoni adult worms, were assessed by ELISA for their ability to detect circulating parasite antigens in patients with different clinical forms of chronic schistosomiasis mansoni. The former antiserum detected parasite antigens in liver granulomata and the latter in renal glomeruli from schistosomiasis patients and mice experimentally infected with S. mansoni. In general, the levels and/or positivity rate of circulating antigens and specific IgG antibodies were significantly higher in patients with hepatointestinal (HI) and hepatosplenic (HS) forms than in mild intestinal (I) forms. An association between Po antigens and clinical features of the disease was observed, as the level of these antigens was low (137 ng/ml) as well as the positivity rate (7.9%) in patients with I forms; values that were intermediate (593 ng/ml and 33.3%) in those with HI forms, and high (1.563 ng/ml and 50.0%) in more severe HS forms. The Pt antigens were detected in the studied clinical forms not differing statistically but, the positivity rate was significantly higher in HS forms comparatively to I forms. The antisera studied revealed distinct circulating antigen profiles, and the prognostic value of Po and Pt antigens was suggested.Dois antissoros produzidos em carneiros, um dos quais contra a fração polissacarídica (Po) e outro contra componentes protéicos (Pt) de vermes adultos de Schistosoma mansoni, foram avaliados quanto ao seu desempenho na detecção de antígenos parasitários circulantes em pacientes com diferentes formas clínicas da esquistossomose mansônica crônica, através de um ensaio imunoenzimático, (ELISA). O primeiro antissoro revelava antígenos parasitários no granuloma hepático e o segundo, nos glomérulos renais de pacientes com esquistossomose mansônica, bem como em camundongos experimentalmente infectados pelo S. mansoni. Em geral, os níveis bem como a positividade, de antígenos circulantes e anticorpos IgG específicos foram significativamente mais elevados nos pacientes com formas hepatointestinais (HI) e hepatosplênicas (HS) do que em pacientes com formas amenas intestinais (I). Foi observada uma associação entre os antígenos Po e as características clínicas da doença, em vista do nível destes antígenos se encontrar abaixo (137 ng/ml), assim como sua positividade (7.9%) em pacientes com formas I, intermediários (593 ng/ml e 33.3%) naqueles com formas HI e altos (1.563 ng/ml e 50.0%) nas formas HS. Os níveis de antígenos Pt não diferiram estatisticamente nas três formas clínicas estudadas, mas a positividade foi significantemente maior nas formas HS em comparação com as formas I. Os antissoros estudados revelaram perfis distintos de antígenos circulantes e o valor prognóstico dos antígenos Po e Pt foi aventado