Genetic diversity and structure of the commercially important native fish pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) from cultured and wild fish populations: relevance for broodstock management

Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) is one of the most important Neotropical freshwater fish species produced by aquaculture in South America. This study is the first attempt to inquire about aquaculture stocks in Argentina regarding genetic diversity and structure. Neither genetic characterization nor pedigree records are available for pacu stocks in farms in Argentina. The presence of hybrids in both natural environment (Lower Paraná River) and farms has not been evaluated yet at the southern region of pacu distribution. Genetic characterization of pacu broodstocks, corresponding to 8 farms, and wild individuals from four areas at Lower Paraná River was performed. Pacu hybrids were not detected neither in wild nor in farm stocks analyzed. In general, similar levels of genetic diversity were observed between cultured and wild fish populations. Global genetic differentiation (Fst = 0.055) indicated a low level of structure and AMOVA showed that genetic variation was mostly within populations. Reduced contemporary effective population size (Ne) was observed, and probably reflects the bottleneck by founder effect in farmed fish populations. Moreover, kinship analysis showed that in fish farms, on average, 43.00% of the individuals were genetically related, whereas in wild population it was 36.40%. We recommend that broodstock management practices, such as using large Ne, single pair mating, precise records, and tagging of brood fish, should be implemented to avoid unintentional mismanagement.Fil: Del Pazo, F.. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Sánchez, Sebastián. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Instituto de Ictiología del Nordeste; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Posner, Victoria. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Sciara, Andrés A.. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Arranz, Silvia Eda. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Villanova, Gabriela V.. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Argentin

Estandarización de dos PCR multiplex como base de un test de genotipado para pejerrey : Odontesthes bonariensis

El pejerrey bonaerense es una especie de gran importancia económica en Argentina. La piscicultura de pejerrey data de varias décadas en las que se ha poblado o repoblado ambientes con larvas. A pesar de la importancia de esta especie, la información sobre la diversidad genética de sus poblaciones, que sirva para la mejora de su producción o para la mitigación del impacto de las resiembras, es escasa. En este trabajo se propone el desarrollo de un test de genotipado basado en dos reacciones de PCR multiplex utilizando marcadores microsatélites. Se seleccionaron 13 marcadores descriptos en la bibliografía que fueron estandarizados. Luego, los marcadores se evaluaron en una población silvestre (n=20). Se extrajo el ADN a partir de tejido de cada individuo y se amplifico por PCR los 13 marcadores microsatélites. Los productos de amplificación fueron resueltos en geles de poliacrilamida teñidos con plata. Para cada individuo se obtuvo un genotipo. Para cada locus, se determinó el número de alelos, heterocigocidad observada y esperada, frecuencia de alelos nulos, contenidos de información polimórfica (PIC), y probabilidad de exclusión. Teniendo en cuenta estos parámetros, se seleccionaron 7 loci que fueron combinados en dos PCR multiplex M1 y M2 de acuerdo a los tamaños de los fragmentos que produce su amplificación. Los cebadores se marcaron fluorescentemente, y se estandarizaron las condiciones para M1 y M2. Las amplificaciones se evaluaron por electroforesis capilar. Dichas multiplex constituyen la base del Test de genotipado y grado de parentesco para pejerrey. Esta herramienta permitirá evaluar la diversidad genética y el grado de parentesco existente entre los reproductores de los centros de cultivo evitando la depresión consanguíneaFil: Sapino, Román. Facultad de Ciencias y Bioquímicas - Universidad Nacional de RosarioFil: Arranz, Silvia E. Facultad de Ciencias y Bioquímicas - Universidad Nacional de RosarioFil: Diaz, Juan. Facultad de Ciencias y Bioquímicas - Universidad Nacional de RosarioFil: Faggiani, Mariano. Centro Científico, Tecnológico y Educativo "Acuario del Río Paraná"Fil: Villanova, Gabriela V. Centro Científico, Tecnológico y Educativo "Acuario del Río Paraná

The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the Second Phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since 2014 July. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the 14th from SDSS overall (making this Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes the data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (2014–2016 July) public. Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey; the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data-driven machine-learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from the SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS web site (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020 and will be followed by SDSS-V

Haplotypes traceability and genetic variability of the breeding population of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) revealed by mitochondrial DNA

The main objective of this study was to estimate the genetic diversity levels and haplotype traceability in pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus from the breeding program located in Brazil by analyses of the mitochondrial DNA control region (mtDNA). Moreover, broodstocks from eight commercial fish farms were used for comparative evaluation, four from Brazil (Br1-Br4) and four from Argentina (Ar1-Ar4). The descriptive results revealed 47 polymorphic sites and 51 mutations, which evidenced 34 haplotypes. Ten haplotypes were shared among fish farms and 24 were exclusive. The nucleotide diversity (π) ranged from 0.00031 to 0.01462 and haplotype diversity (Hd) from 0.125 to 0.868. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated high structure present in the analyzed stocks (FST = 0.13356 and ФST = 0.52707). The genetic diversity was high in most of the commercial broodstocks, especially those from Brazil. We observed seven haplotypes in the genetic breeding population, of which four were exclusive and three shared among the commercial fish farms. The genetic diversity was moderate (π = 0.00265 and Hd = 0.424) and considered appropriated for this breeding population of pacu. Our results provide support for the genetic diversity maintenance and mtDNA traceability of pacu commercial broodstocks.Fil: de Freitas, Milena V.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho. Faculdade de Engenharia; BrasilFil: Ariede, Raquel B.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho. Faculdade de Engenharia; BrasilFil: Hata, Milene E.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho. Faculdade de Engenharia; BrasilFil: Mastrochirico Filho, Vito A.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho. Faculdade de Engenharia; BrasilFil: del Pazo, Felipe. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Villanova, Gabriela Vanina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Mendonça, Fernando F.. Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Foresti, Fábio Porto. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Hashimoto, Diogo T.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; Brasi

Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 December 2012-31 January 2013.

4 pagesInternational audienceThis article documents the addition of 268 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Alburnoides bipunctatus, Chamaerops humilis, Chlidonias hybrida, Cyperus papyrus, Fusarium graminearum, Loxigilla barbadensis, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Odontesthes bonariensis, Pelteobagrus vachelli, Posidonia oceanica, Potamotrygon motoro, Rhamdia quelen, Sarotherodon melanotheron heudelotii, Sibiraea angustata, Takifugu rubripes, Tarentola mauritanica, Trimmatostroma sp. and Wallago attu. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Alburnoides fasciatus, Alburnoides kubanicus, Alburnoides maculatus, Alburnoides ohridanus, Alburnoides prespensis, Alburnoides rossicus, Alburnoides strymonicus, Alburnoides thessalicus, Alburnoides tzanevi, Carassius carassius, Fusarium asiaticum, Leucaspius delineatus, Loxigilla noctis dominica, Pelecus cultratus, Phoenix canariensis, Potamotrygon falkneri, Trachycarpus fortune and Vimba vimba