MAT titer of wild boar samples, isolation information from infected mice and MAT titer results of infected mice.

<p><b>ND^a: No data.</b></p><p><b>E: Euthanized.</b></p><p><b>h: hours.</b></p

RFLP markers and restriction enzymes used in this study.

<p>RFLP markers and restriction enzymes used in this study.</p

Client requirement based path selection algorithm for Tor network

In Tor network, the relays run by volunteers are non-uniform in nature, mainly with respect to the bandwidths of the relay. Browsing with Tor is often slow due to the design where the path taken from client to server is not the shortest path but ensures that it is secure in such a way that user's anonymity is maintained. Due to this, speed and anonymity is inversely proportional in the Tor network. Furthermore, since Tor uses circuits with relays in different geographical locations, it makes the connection further protracted. With so many factors affecting the performance, there is a need to improve on the current functionalities and contribute to low latency, anonymous browsing. In this paper, we try to enhance the speed of the client's browsing by segregating the relays based on their derived bandwidth as given in the consensus file and selecting path for clients based on their requirement. We discard some of the relays which are below the 12.5 percentile of all the valid relays while creating circuits for clients with high bandwidth requirement. Based on the simulations that we ran on Shadow Simulator, we have observed that, in our proposed algorithm, we are ensuring that low bandwidth relays are not congested with connection from clients with high bandwidth requirement. This has improved the low bandwidth client speed significantly. In our simulations, we also observe that there is no compromise in anonymity in our proposed algorithm. © 2017 IEEE

Experimental evaluation of BATMAN and BATMAN-Adv routing protocols in a mobile testbed

BATMAN (Better Approach To Mobile Ad-hoc Networking) routing protocol is one of the popular routing protocols for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks. In this paper, we have implemented a testbed containing mobile nodes and compared two flavors of this routing protocol, BATMAN and BATMAN-Adv. These two flavors differ in the layer (ISO/OSI model) in which they are implemented, where BATMAN is implemented in layer 3 of the ISO/OSI model, and BATMAN-Adv in layer 2. Due to this differentiation, there exists significant difference in their performance and stability.In this work, we have looked at Throughput, Jitter and Packet loss of these two flavors of BATMAN routing protocol in different scenarios including single-hop and multi-hop nodes. We find that BATMAN-Adv which is implemented in layer 2 of ISO/OSI model gives significant improvement in throughput as compared to BATMAN. This is especially seen in

Infectious risk assessment of unsafe handling practices and management of clinical solid waste

The present study was undertaken to determine the bacterial agents present in various clinical solid wastes, general waste and clinical sharp waste. The waste was collected from different wards/units in a healthcare facility in Penang Island, Malaysia. The presence of bacterial agents in clinical and general waste was determined using the conventional bacteria identification methods. Several pathogenic bacteria including opportunistic bacterial agent such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes were detected in clinical solid wastes. The presence of specific pathogenic bacterial strains in clinical sharp waste was determined using 16s rDNA analysis. In this study, several nosocomial pathogenic bacteria strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Lysinibacillus sphaericus, Serratia marcescens, and Staphylococcus aureus were detected in clinical sharp waste. The present study suggests that waste generated from healthcare facilities should be sterilized at the point of generation in order to eliminate nosocomial infections from the general waste or either of the clinical wastes