Análise do Mercado de Oncológicos e Novas Substância Ativas para o Tratamento do Câncer / Oncology Market Analysis and New Active Substances for Cancer Treatment

O presente trabalho buscou analisar o comportamento do mercado farmacêutico de oncológicos e aspectos do planejamento de novos fármacos quimioterápicos para o tratamento do câncer aprovados pelo FDA no período 2015-2020. A análise do mercado de oncológicos demonstrou tendência de crescimento para os próximos anos e um aumento no lançamento de drogas órfãs.  Foram analisadas 50 Novas Substâncias Ativas obtidas a partir de síntese química, observando o tipo de câncer, alvo terapêutico, grupos heterocíclicos e aderência às regras de Lipinski. O principal alvo dos novos oncológicos foram as quinases (especialmente com atuação em tirosina quinases) e os principais grupos heterocíclicos foram anéis nitrogenados, com prevalência de piridinas e pirimidinas. A avaliação das regras de Lipinski demonstrou que 19 substâncias violaram ao menos uma das regras de Lipinski e três substâncias violam duas regras. A análise dos novos fármacos oncológicos demonstra a importância do desenvolvimento dos quimioterápicos e dos grupamentos heterocíclicos com a presença de nitrogênios. O estudo também oferece insumos que contribuem para o planejamento e desenvolvimento de novas moléculas que ofereçam opções seguras e eficazes para o tratamento do câncer

Observation of an Excited Bc+ State

Using pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 8.5 fb-1 recorded by the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of s=7, 8, and 13 TeV, the observation of an excited Bc+ state in the Bc+π+π- invariant-mass spectrum is reported. The observed peak has a mass of 6841.2±0.6(stat)±0.1(syst)±0.8(Bc+) MeV/c2, where the last uncertainty is due to the limited knowledge of the Bc+ mass. It is consistent with expectations of the Bc∗(2S31)+ state reconstructed without the low-energy photon from the Bc∗(1S31)+→Bc+γ decay following Bc∗(2S31)+→Bc∗(1S31)+π+π-. A second state is seen with a global (local) statistical significance of 2.2σ (3.2σ) and a mass of 6872.1±1.3(stat)±0.1(syst)±0.8(Bc+) MeV/c2, and is consistent with the Bc(2S10)+ state. These mass measurements are the most precise to date

Bose-Einstein correlations of same-sign charged pions in the forward region in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV

Bose-Einstein correlations of same-sign charged pions, produced in protonproton collisions at a 7 TeV centre-of-mass energy, are studied using a data sample collected by the LHCb experiment. The signature for Bose-Einstein correlations is observed in the form of an enhancement of pairs of like-sign charged pions with small four-momentum difference squared. The charged-particle multiplicity dependence of the Bose-Einstein correlation parameters describing the correlation strength and the size of the emitting source is investigated, determining both the correlation radius and the chaoticity parameter. The measured correlation radius is found to increase as a function of increasing charged-particle multiplicity, while the chaoticity parameter is seen to decreas

Measurement of the inelastic pp cross-section at a centre-of-mass energy of 13TeV

The cross-section for inelastic proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13TeV is measured with the LHCb detector. The fiducial cross-section for inelastic interactions producing at least one prompt long-lived charged particle with momentum p > 2 GeV/c in the pseudorapidity range 2 < η < 5 is determined to be ϭ acc = 62:2 ± 0:2 ± 2:5mb. The first uncertainty is the intrinsic systematic uncertainty of the measurement, the second is due to the uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The statistical uncertainty is negligible. Extrapolation to full phase space yields the total inelastic proton-proton cross-section ϭ inel = 75:4 ± 3:0 ± 4:5mb, where the first uncertainty is experimental and the second due to the extrapolation. An updated value of the inelastic cross-section at a centre-of-mass energy of 7TeV is also reported

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Updated Determination of D⁰–D¯⁰Mixing and CP Violation Parameters with D⁰→K⁺π⁻ Decays

We report measurements of charm-mixing parameters based on the decay-time-dependent ratio of D⁰→K⁺π⁻ to D⁰→K⁻π⁺ rates. The analysis uses a data sample of proton-proton collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.0  fb⁻¹ recorded by the LHCb experiment from 2011 through 2016. Assuming charge-parity (CP) symmetry, the mixing parameters are determined to be x′²=(3.9±2.7)×10⁻⁵, y′=(5.28±0.52)×10⁻³, and R[subscript D]=(3.454±0.031)×10⁻³. Without this assumption, the measurement is performed separately for D⁰ and D[over ¯]⁰ mesons, yielding a direct CP-violating asymmetry A[subscript D]=(-0.1±9.1)×10⁻³, and magnitude of the ratio of mixing parameters 1.00<|q/p|<1.35 at the 68.3% confidence level. All results include statistical and systematic uncertainties and improve significantly upon previous single-measurement determinations. No evidence for CP violation in charm mixing is observed

Measurement of CP observables in B± → D(⁎)K± and B± → D(⁎)π± decays

Measurements of CP observables in B ± →D (⁎) K ± and B ± →D (⁎) π ± decays are presented, where D (⁎) indicates a neutral D or D ⁎ meson that is an admixture of D (⁎)0 and D¯ (⁎)0 states. Decays of the D ⁎ meson to the Dπ 0 and Dγ final states are partially reconstructed without inclusion of the neutral pion or photon, resulting in distinctive shapes in the B candidate invariant mass distribution. Decays of the D meson are fully reconstructed in the K ± π ∓ , K + K − and π + π − final states. The analysis uses a sample of charged B mesons produced in pp collisions collected by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.0, 1.0 and 2.0 fb −1 taken at centre-of-mass energies of s=7, 8 and 13 TeV, respectively. The study of B ± →D ⁎ K ± and B ± →D ⁎ π ± decays using a partial reconstruction method is the first of its kind, while the measurement of B ± →DK ± and B ± →Dπ ± decays is an update of previous LHCb measurements. The B ± →DK ± results are the most precise to date

Observation of D⁰ Meson Decays to Π⁺π⁻μ⁺μ⁻ and K⁺K⁻μ⁺μ⁻ Final States

The first observation of the D⁰→π⁺π⁻μ⁺μ⁻ and D⁰→K⁺K⁻μ⁺μ⁻ decays is reported using a sample of proton-proton collisions collected by LHCb at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, and corresponding to 2  fb⁻¹ of integrated luminosity. The corresponding branching fractions are measured using as normalization the decay D⁰→K⁻π⁺[μ⁺μ⁻][subscript ρ⁰/ω], where the two muons are consistent with coming from the decay of a ρ⁰ or ω meson. The results are B(D⁰→π⁺π⁻μ⁺μ⁻)=(9.64±0.48±0.51±0.97)×10⁻⁷ and B(D⁰→K⁺K⁻μ⁺μ⁻)=(1.54±0.27±0.09±0.16)×10⁻⁷, where the uncertainties are statistical, systematic, and due to the limited knowledge of the normalization branching fraction. The dependence of the branching fraction on the dimuon mass is also investigated

Observation of the decay Λ _b ⁰ → ψ(2S)pπ⁻

International audienceThe Cabibbo-suppressed decay Λ$_{b}^{0}$  → ψ(2S)pπ$^{−}$ is observed for the first time using a data sample collected by the LHCb experiment in proton-proton collisions corresponding to 1.0, 2.0 and 1.9 fb$^{−1}$ of integrated luminosity at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV, respectively. The ψ(2S) mesons are reconstructed in the μ$^{+}$μ$^{−}$ final state. The branching fraction with respect to that of the Λ$_{b}^{0}$  → ψ(2S)pK$^{−}$ decay mode is measured to b