Aldizkako barauaren efektuak obesitatean eta 2 motako diabetesean

Intermittent fasting is an eating plan that switches the daily food intake between the consumption period and fasting period. This dietary strategy is widely used on the view that it might have beneficial effects. This way, the effects it can have to combat obesity and diabetes are being investigated. In this work, a systematic review on this topic has been done. In the mentioned diseases, it does have desirable effects as it affects in some parameters such as body composition, fat mass, plasma lipids, blood glucose concentration and/or insulin response. But these effects have been produced by the reduction of energy itself, as the effects produced by caloric reduction maintenance are similar. There is not enough scientific evidence at the moment, as the studies published in the literature do not address diet quality, and it may have more obvious effects on disease, whatever the calorie restriction or fasting time. Moreover, there is little mention of the side effects that can occur when following this strategy. However, practitioners should monitor these effects closely.; Aldizkako baraualdia eguneko elikagai-ahorakina ingesta-aldi eta barau-aldietan banatzen duen elikadura mota da. Estrategia dietetiko hau asko erabiltzen da, zenbait efektu onuragarri eragin ditzakeelako ustean. Hori horrela, obesitateari eta diabetesari aurre egiteko izan ditzakeen efektuak ikertzen ari dira. Lan honetan berrikusketa sistematikoa egin zaio gaiari. Aipatutako gaixotasunetan baditu eragin desiragarriak, zenbait parametrotan eragiten baitu: gorputz-osaeran, gantz-masan, lipido plasmatikoetan, odoleko glukosa-kontzentrazioan edo/eta intsulinaren aurreko erantzunean. Azpimarratu behar da efektuok energia-murrizketari berari sor zaizkiola, zeren, izan ere, antzekoak baitira energiaren murrizketa luzatzeak berak sortzen dituen efektuak. Zientifikoki oraindik ez dago behar adinako ebidentziarik. Izan ere, literaturan argitaratuta dauden ikerlanek ez dute lantzen dietaren kalitatea; horrek eragin nabariagoak izan ditzake gaixotasunetan, kaloria- eta janaldi-murrizketa edozein izanik ere. Gainera, gutxi aipatzen dira estrategia hau jarraitzean gerta litezkeen albo-ondorioak, profesionalek gertutik zaindu beharko lituzketenak

FODMAP urriko dieta eta haien erabilgarritasuna hesteko gaixotasunen maneiuan

FODMAPs, subtances that can be found naturally in a wide variety of foods such as dairy products and certain plant origin foods, have been associated with symptoms of certain intestinal diseases. These short-chain fermentable carbohydrates show fiber-like effects, such as water retention and microbes’ fermentation in colon, producing short-chain fatty acids and gases. Latest research studies in this field have shown that consumption of FODMAP causes symptoms of diarrhea and flatulence in intestinal disorders, such as Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Celiac Disease. A low FODMAP diet has shown to be effective in the management of these diseases but its implementation it is not easy. The reduction of foods rich in FODMAPs, results in dietary imbalances and deficiencies, so that, the supervision of a Dietitian-Nutritionist is necessary for a correct dietary management. Although it is an effective diet reducing bowel symptoms in short-term, long-term effects need to be more deeply analyzed because it can be a very restrictive diet.; FODMAPak, modu naturalean esnekietan eta landare jatorriko zenbait elikagaitan aurki daitezkeen konposatuak, zenbait heste-gaixotasunetako sintomekin erlazionatu dira. Kate laburreko karbohidrato hartzigarri hauek zuntzaren antzeko efektuak eragiten dituzte, ur-atxikipena eragiten dute eta koloneko mikrobiotak hartzitzen dituzte, kate laburreko gantz azidoak eta gasak sortuz. Azken urteetan egin diren ikerketetan ikusi da FODMAP-kontsumoak beherakoa eta flatulentzia moduko sintomak eragiten dituela heste-funtzioaren aztoratzea duten gaixotasunetan, heste narritakorraren sindromean, hesteetako hanturazko gaixotasunean eta zeliakian esaterako. Horregatik, FODMAP urriko dieta eraginkorra dela ikusi da gaixotasun horien maneiuan, baina dietaren ezarpena zaila da. FODMAPen iturri diren elikagai asko murriztearen ondorioz, dieta desorekatu eta gabezia nutrizionalak ager daitezke, eta beraz, dietaren maneiu egokirako dietista-nutrizionista baten kontrola ezinbestekoa da. Nahiz eta dieta epe laburrean heste-sintomak murrizteko eraginkorra izan, epe luzera dituen ondorioak jakiteko ikerketa gehiagoren beharra dago, dieta oso murriztailea izan baitaiteke

Simultaneous analysis of free amino acids and biogenic amines in honey and wine samples using in loop orthophthalaldeyde derivatization procedure

This work presents a RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous quantification of free amino acids and biogenic amines in liquid food matrices and the results of the application to honey and wine samples obtained from different production processes and geographic origins. The developed methodology is based on a pre-column derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde carried out in the sample injection loop. The compounds were separated in a Nova-Pack RP-C18 column (150 mm × 3.9 mm, 4 μm) at 35 °C. The mobile phase used was a mixture of phase A: 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.3), methanol and tetrahydrofuran (91:8:1); and phase B: methanol and phosphate buffer (80:20), with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. Fluorescence detection was used at an excitation wavelength of 335 nm and an emission wavelength of 440 nm. The separation and quantification of 19 amino acids and 6 amines was carried out in a single run as their OPA/MCE derivatives elute within 80 min, ensuring a reproducible quantification. The method showed to be adequate for the purpose, with an average RSD of 2% for the different amino acids; detection limits varying between 0.71 mg/l (Asn) and 8.26 mg/l (Lys) and recovery rates between 63.0% (Cad) and 98.0% (Asp). The amino acids present at the highest concentration in honey and wine samples were phenylalanine and arginine, respectively. Only residual levels of biogenic amines were detected in the analysed samples

Comparison of Listeria monocytogenes Exoproteomes from biofilm and planktonic state:Lmo2504, a protein associated with biofilms

The food-borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes is the causative agent of the severe human and animal disease listeriosis. The persistence of this bacterium in food processing environments is mainly attributed to its ability to form biofilms. The search for proteins associated with biofilm formation is an issue of great interest, with most studies targeting the whole bacterial proteome. Nevertheless, exoproteins constitute an important class of molecules participating in various physiological processes, such as cell signaling, pathogenesis, and matrix remodeling. The aim of this work was to quantify differences in protein abundance between exoproteomes from a biofilm and from the planktonic state. For this, two field strains previously evaluated to be good biofilm producers (3119 and J311) were used, and a procedure for the recovery of biofilm exoproteins was optimized. Proteins were resolved by two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis and identified by electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. One of the proteins identified in higher abundance in the biofilm exoproteomes of both strains was the putative cell wall binding protein Lmo2504. A mutant strain with deletion of the gene for Lmo2504 was produced (3119Δlmo2504), and its biofilm-forming ability was compared to that of the wild type using the crystal violet and the ruthenium red assays as well as scanning electron microscopy. The results confirmed the involvement of Lmo2504 in biofilm formation, as strain 3119Δlmo2504 showed a significantly (P < 0.05) lower biofilm-forming ability than the wild type. The identification of additional exoproteins associated with biofilm formation may lead to new strategies for controlling this pathogen in food processing facilities

Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19-free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19-free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS: Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19-free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19-free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score-matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19-free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

PHEMA-PLLA semi-interpenetrating polymer networks: A study of their swelling kinetics, mechanical properties and cellular behavior

Semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPNs) have attracted much attention in recent years as biomaterials with a high potential in tissue engineering and controlled drug release. In this article, semi-IPNs were synthetized by free radical polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) in the presence of poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) with contents of 5, 10 and 20 wt.% at high temperature (150 °C). The study focused on the analysis of thermal and mechanical properties, wettability, swelling kinetics in buffered solutions of different pH, and biocompatibility using fibroblasts of human embryonic skin. Segregation of the components in different microdomains was verified by morphological analysis through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results revealed that the poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) network is amorphous and the PLLA is semi-crystalline. Mechanical analysis provided Young’s modulus values in the range 240–370 MPa in tensile tests, and storage modulus (E′) values at 37 °C, 1 Hz, in the range 800–1200 MPa. Equilibrium water uptake measurements displayed material dependence on composition and pH. Swelling kinetics presented good agreement with a second-order diffusion process in all media. No sample present cytotoxicity and the cell migration process occupied many semi-IPNs pores closing them and indicating good cellular recognition. In overall, these networks can be considered for their application as scaffolds for bone defects augmentation and subchondral cartilage repair85150163FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP2011/18525-7; 2015/ 04896-