Smart City, tendencias y evolución: Un análisis bibliométrico

A smart city places people at the centre of development and incorporates ICTs into urban management as a response to problems such as pollution, insecurity, and congestion. Developed countries focus on improving the quality of life of their inhabitants and work on making cities intelligent, inclusive, and sustainable spaces. In academia, the term "smart city" has been gaining interest, as shown by a review of Clarivate's WoS database, which shows 9 records for 2011 rising to 950 records in 2019. The search results showed a sample of 2833 documents in the period from 2001 - 2019. As an area of knowledge in development, it is relevant to know the trends that frame its evolution. The proposed analysis is based on the postulates of bibliometrics and scientometrics, which through the co-occurrence of data and the strength of links between components of a network, infers related bodies of knowledge in an objective manner, recognizing hot topics, declining themes, relevant publications, among others. The VOSviewer software was used as an information processing tool, which is a open source software that provides the construction and visualization of knowledge networks, which facilitates their exploration. In this study one can see that the knowledge area is focused on 3 themes: 1) Development of cities based on innovation and sustainability, 2) design and administration of cities by means of Internet and the Internet of Things as well as 3) frameworks based on bigdata aimed at governance. These results guide researchers interested in broadening the horizons of this theme and in seeking new paradigms related to the Smart city.Una ciudad inteligente, es una ciudad que sitúa a las personas como centro de desarrollo e incorpora TICS en la gestión urbana como respuesta a problemas como la contaminación, inseguridad y congestión. Los países desarrollados se enfocan en mejorar la calidad de vida de sus habitantes y trabajan en hacer de las ciudades, espacios inteligentes, incluyentes y sostenibles. En el ámbito académico, el término “smart city” ha tenido un interés en aumento, como se demuestra en una búsqueda en la base de datos WoS de Clarivate, en la cual se registran 9 records para el 2011 incrementándose a 950 records en 2019. De los resultados de la búsqueda se obtuvo una muestra de 2833 documentos en el periodo entre 2001 – 2019. Al ser un área de conocimiento en desarrollo es relevante conocer las tendencias que enmarcan su evolución. El análisis propuesto se basa en los postulados de la bibliometría y la cienciometría, que por medio del examen de los patrones de coocurrencia de términos y de la evaluación de la fortaleza de vínculos entre componentes de una red, se infiere la existencia de grupos o clusters de conocimiento, se reconocen temáticas emergentes, temáticas en declive, publicaciones relevantes, entre otras. Para el procesamiento de datos se implementó la herramienta VOSviewer, el cual es un software gratuito para la visualización de redes de conocimiento. En el estudio se puede observar que el área de conocimiento se focaliza en 3 temáticas: 1) Desarrollo de ciudades a partir de la innovación y sostenibilidad, 2) diseño y administración de ciudades a través del internet e internet de las cosas y 3) marcos de trabajo basados en bigdata encaminados hacia la gobernanza. Estos resultados orientan a los investigadores interesados en ampliar los horizontes de esta temática y en buscar nuevos paradigmas relacionados con Smart city

Inclusive Search for a Highly Boosted Higgs Boson Decaying to a Bottom Quark-Antiquark Pair

© 2018 CERN. An inclusive search for the standard model Higgs boson (H) produced with large transverse momentum (pT) and decaying to a bottom quark-antiquark pair (bb) is performed using a data set of pp collisions at s=13 TeV collected with the CMS experiment at the LHC. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb-1. A highly Lorentz-boosted Higgs boson decaying to bb is reconstructed as a single, large radius jet, and it is identified using jet substructure and dedicated b tagging techniques. The method is validated with Z→bb decays. The Z→bb process is observed for the first time in the single-jet topology with a local significance of 5.1 standard deviations (5.8 expected). For a Higgs boson mass of 125 GeV, an excess of events above the expected background is observed (expected) with a local significance of 1.5 (0.7) standard deviations. The measured cross section times branching fraction for production via gluon fusion of H→bb with reconstructed pT > 450 GeV and in the pseudorapidity range -2.5 < η < 2.5 is 74±48(stat)-10+17(syst) fb, which is consistent within uncertainties with the standard model prediction

Evolution over Time of Ventilatory Management and Outcome of Patients with Neurologic Disease∗

OBJECTIVES: To describe the changes in ventilator management over time in patients with neurologic disease at ICU admission and to estimate factors associated with 28-day hospital mortality. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of three prospective, observational, multicenter studies. SETTING: Cohort studies conducted in 2004, 2010, and 2016. PATIENTS: Adult patients who received mechanical ventilation for more than 12 hours. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Among the 20,929 patients enrolled, we included 4,152 (20%) mechanically ventilated patients due to different neurologic diseases. Hemorrhagic stroke and brain trauma were the most common pathologies associated with the need for mechanical ventilation. Although volume-cycled ventilation remained the preferred ventilation mode, there was a significant (p &lt; 0.001) increment in the use of pressure support ventilation. The proportion of patients receiving a protective lung ventilation strategy was increased over time: 47% in 2004, 63% in 2010, and 65% in 2016 (p &lt; 0.001), as well as the duration of protective ventilation strategies: 406 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2004, 523 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2010, and 585 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2016 (p &lt; 0.001). There were no differences in the length of stay in the ICU, mortality in the ICU, and mortality in hospital from 2004 to 2016. Independent risk factors for 28-day mortality were age greater than 75 years, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II greater than 50, the occurrence of organ dysfunction within first 48 hours after brain injury, and specific neurologic diseases such as hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, and brain trauma. CONCLUSIONS: More lung-protective ventilatory strategies have been implemented over years in neurologic patients with no effect on pulmonary complications or on survival. We found several prognostic factors on mortality such as advanced age, the severity of the disease, organ dysfunctions, and the etiology of neurologic disease

Search for low mass vector resonances decaying into quark-antiquark pairs in proton-proton collisions at s=\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV

A search for narrow vector resonances decaying into quark-antiquark pairs is presented. The analysis is based on data collected in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. The hypothetical resonance is produced with sufficiently high transverse momentum that its decay products are merged into a single jet with two-prong substructure. A signal would be identified as a peak over a smoothly falling background in the distribution of the invariant mass of the jet, using novel jet substructure techniques. No evidence for such a resonance is observed within the mass range of 50-300 GeV. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set on the production cross section, and presented in a mass-coupling parameter space. The limits further constrain simplified models of dark matter production involving a mediator interacting between quarks and dark matter particles through a vector or axial-vector current. In the framework of these models, the results are the most sensitive to date, extending for the first time the search region to masses below 100 GeV

Optimisation of ForenSeq STR data analysis with FDSTools and comparative analysis with UAS

DNA profiling with short tandem repeat data generated with massively parallel sequencing is associated with several challenges. FDSTools is an open-source software which applies correction models based on a reference database to correct DNA profiles. The correction models aim to provide an accurate representation of the true DNA profile and associated artefacts. Low analytical thresholds in FDSTools are suggested to improve detection of minor profiles in complex mixtures. The objective was to optimise FDSTools analysis for ForenSeq data, and to establish a Swedish reference database. The FDSTools analysis was subsequently compared to default analysis with the commercial Universal Analysis Software, and the likelihood ratio was evaluated. The FDSTools Library file was adapted for ForenSeq data. FASTQ files from single- and mixed-source samples were analysed with the software. The concordance between the software was assessed, and analytical thresholds in FDSTools were optimised. Likelihood ratios were calculated for sequencing- and capillary electrophoresis data to investigate the benefit of sequence level information. A reference database and correction models could not be generated, meaning that uncorrected data was used. The two software showed a 98.5% concordance. Disconcordance was caused by allele drop-out in heterozygous loci which implicated that certain markers may require individual interpretation. Lowering the analytical thresholds in FDSTools appeared to improve mixture deconvolution, but the lack of correction models obscured interpretation. Hence, without correction models optimial analytical thresholds could not be defined. Likelihood ratio based on sequencing data was not consistently higher compared to capillary electrophoresis, suggesting that sequence information is not always advantageous