Hamiltonian systems of Jordan block type: delta-functional reductions of the kinetic equation for soliton gas

We demonstrate that linear degeneracy is a necessary condition for quasilinear systems of Jordan block type to possess first-order Hamiltonian structures. Multi-Hamiltonian formulation of linearly degenerate systems governing delta-functional reductions of the kinetic equation for dense soliton gas is established (for KdV, sinh-Gordon, hard-rod, Lieb-Liniger, DNLS, and separable cases)

Classification of bi-Hamiltonian pairs extended by isometries

The aim of this article is to classify pairs of first-order Hamiltonian operators of Dubrovin-Novikov type such that one of them has a non-local part defined by an isometry of its leading coefficient. An example of such bi-Hamiltonian pair was recently found for the constant astigmatism equation. We obtain a classification in the case of 2 dependent variables, and a significant new example that is an extension of a hydrodynamic type system obtained from a particular solution of the WDVV equations

Obituary: Professor Alexander Kessenikh (1932-2021)

On September 15, 2021, professor Alexander V. Kessenikh died. He was known for his works on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and history of science

The genetic architecture of the human cerebral cortex

The cerebral cortex underlies our complex cognitive capabilities, yet little is known about the specific genetic loci that influence human cortical structure. To identify genetic variants that affect cortical structure, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of brain magnetic resonance imaging data from 51,665 individuals. We analyzed the surface area and average thickness of the whole cortex and 34 regions with known functional specializations. We identified 199 significant loci and found significant enrichment for loci influencing total surface area within regulatory elements that are active during prenatal cortical development, supporting the radial unit hypothesis. Loci that affect regional surface area cluster near genes in Wnt signaling pathways, which influence progenitor expansion and areal identity. Variation in cortical structure is genetically correlated with cognitive function, Parkinson's disease, insomnia, depression, neuroticism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Familial hypercholesterolemia: The Italian Atherosclerosis Society Network (LIPIGEN)

Background and aims Primary dyslipidemias are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by abnormal levels of circulating lipoproteins. Among them, familial hypercholesterolemia is the most common lipid disorder that predisposes for premature cardiovascular disease. We set up an Italian nationwide network aimed at facilitating the clinical and genetic diagnosis of genetic dyslipidemias named LIPIGEN (LIpid TransPort Disorders Italian GEnetic Network). Methods Observational, multicenter, retrospective and prospective study involving about 40 Italian clinical centers. Genetic testing of the appropriate candidate genes at one of six molecular diagnostic laboratories serving as nationwide DNA diagnostic centers. Results and conclusions From 2012 to October 2016, available biochemical and clinical information of 3480 subjects with familial hypercholesterolemia identified according to the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network (DLCN) score were included in the database and genetic analysis was performed in 97.8% of subjects, with a mutation detection rate of 92.0% in patients with DLCN score \ue2\u89\ua56. The establishment of the LIPIGEN network will have important effects on clinical management and it will improve the overall identification and treatment of primary dyslipidemias in Italy

Genetic Differences in the Immediate Transcriptome Response to Stress Predict Risk-Related Brain Function and Psychiatric Disorders

Depression risk is exacerbated by genetic factors and stress exposure; however, the biological mechanisms through which these factors interact to confer depression risk are poorly understood. One putative biological mechanism implicates variability in the ability of cortisol, released in response to stress, to trigger a cascade of adaptive genomic and non-genomic processes through glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activation. Here, we demonstrate that common genetic variants in long-range enhancer elements modulate the immediate transcriptional response to GR activation in human blood cells. These functional genetic variants increase risk for depression and co-heritable psychiatric disorders. Moreover, these risk variants are associated with inappropriate amygdala reactivity, a transdiagnostic psychiatric endophenotype and an important stress hormone response trigger. Network modeling and animal experiments suggest that these genetic differences in GR-induced transcriptional activation may mediate the risk for depression and other psychiatric disorders by altering a network of functionally related stress-sensitive genes in blood and brain

On the pharmacological prevention of symptoms evoked in a spatial disorientation demonstrator.

Madri

Evaluation of extensive cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Although standard treatment for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) consists of surgical debulking and intravenous platinum- and taxane-based chemotherapy, favorable oncological outcomes have been recently reported with the use of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). The aim of the study was to analyze feasibility and results of CRS and HIPEC in patients with advanced EOC. MATERIALS/METHODS: This is an open, prospective phase 2 study including patients with primary or recurrent peritoneal carcinomatosis due to EOC. Thirty-nine patients with a mean (SD) age of 57.3 (9.7) years (range, 34-74 years) were included between September 2005 and December 2009. Thirty patients (77%) had recurrent EOC and 9 (23%) had primary EOC. RESULTS: For HIPEC, cisplatin and paclitaxel were used for 11 patients (28%), cisplatin and doxorubicin for 26 patients (66%), paclitaxel and doxorubicin for 1 patient (3%), and doxorubicin alone for 1 patient (3%). The median intra-abdominal outflow temperature was 41.5°C. The mean peritoneal cancer index (PCI) was 11.1 (range, 1-28); and according to the intraoperative tumor extent, the tumor volume was classified as low (PCI <15) or high (PCI ≥15) in 27 patients (69%) and 12 patients (31%), respectively. Microscopically complete cytoreduction was achieved for 35 patients (90%), macroscopic cytoreduction was achieved for 3 patients (7%), and a gross tumor debulking was performed for 1 patient (3%). Mean hospital stay was 23.8 days. Postoperative complications occurred in 7 patients (18%), and reoperations in 3 patients (8%). There was one postoperative death. Recurrence was seen in 23 patients (59%) with a mean recurrence time of 14.4 months (range, 1-49 months). CONCLUSIONS: Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy after extensive CRS for advanced EOC is feasible with acceptable morbidity and mortality. Complete cytoreduction may improve survival in highly selected patients. Additional follow-up and further studies are needed to determine the effects of HIPEC on survival

Association analysis of DAOA and DAO in bipolar disorder: results from two independent case-control studies

Darya Gaysina, Sarah Cohen-Woods, Philip C. Chow, Livia Martucci, Alexandra Schosser, Harriet A. Ball, Federica Tozzi, Julia Perry, Pierandrea Muglia, James L. Kennedy, Nicole King, John B. Vincent, Sagar V. Parikh, John Strauss, Ian W. Craig, Peter McGuffin and Anne Farme