Electrodeposition of Silicon from the Low-Melting LiCl-KCl-CsCl-K2SiF6Electrolytes

The possibility of silicon electrodeposition from the low-melting LiCl-KCl-CsCl-K2SiF6 electrolytes has been studied. The stability of a silicon-containing additive was studied by cyclic voltammetry, and the rate constant of the chemical reaction of SiF4 release at a temperature of 827 K was calculated. It is determined that the constants of velocity values in the melt based on eutectic composition are 2 orders of magnitude higher, which indicates a higher rate of formation of volatile compounds. Cyclic voltammetry was also used to study the electrochemical behavior of K2SiF6 in the melts under study. It was found that the silicon electroreduction at the cathode is not reversible and proceeds in one 4-electron reaction. The diffusion coefficient calculated by the Matsuda-Ayabe equation was 0.72·10-5 cm2·s-1 at temperature of 823 K. According to the obtained voltammograms, the parameters for the silicon electrodeposition were selected. At a potential of -0.4 V vs QRE, dendritic silicon deposits were obtained. © 2022 The Author(s). Published on behalf of The Electrochemical Society by IOP Publishing Limited. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 License (CC BYNC- ND, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is not changed in any way and is properly cited. For permission for commercial reuse, please email: [email protected]. [DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ac5a1c]

Hygienic characteristics of chronic gastroduodenitis among children living in the environment impacted by industrial chemical factors (case study: Perm krai)

The aim of this research is to carry out hygienic evaluation of the impact of industrial chemical factors on chronic gastroduodenitis among children. The research was carried out on the basis of Gubakha and Tchusovoi — industrial towns located in Perm Krai. The object of the research is children (655) aged 7-14 with chronic gastroduodenitis. The research determines that areas with industrial pollution (heavy metals, aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic alcohols) create adverse tendencies for the development of gastroduodenrtic pathology among children, increasing the incidence by additional 18 percent per year. Contaminated environment in the area affects children by increasing the level of Chrome+6, Manganese, Lead, Nickel by 1.4-7.1 times; aromatic and oxygen-containing hydrocarbons, aliphatic alcohols — by 1.5-3.8 times as compared to children living in areas with satisfactory sanitary and hygienic conditions. Higher environment contamination leads to patogenetic abnormalities among children with chronic gastroduodenitis living in areas with industrial chemical pollution. It results in damaging homeostasis — antioxidant and immune — systems leading to the development of related syndromes — inflammatory, toxic, and hepatobiliary — followed by morpho-functional changes in gastroduodenal zones.Целью настоящего исследования являлась гигиеническая оценка воздействия техногенных химических факторов на течение хронического гастродуоденита у детей. Исследования выполнены на примере промышленно развитых городов Пермского края г. Губаха, Чусовой. Объектом исследования являлись дети (655 человек) 7-14 лет с хроническим гастродуоденитом. Установлено, что на территориях техногенного загрязнения среды обитания тяжелыми металлами, ароматическими углеводородами, алифатическими спиртами создаются прогностически неблагоприятные тенденции роста гастродуоденальной патологии у детей, характеризующиеся дополнительными случаями заболеваний на уровне 18% в год. В изученных условиях контаминация биосред у детей характеризуется повышенным уровнем содержания хрома+6, марганца, свинца, никеля в 1,4-7,1-раза, ароматических и кислородсодержащих углеводородов, алифатических спиртов — в 1,5-3,8 раза относительно показателей у детей в условиях удовлетворительной санитарно-гигиенической ситуации. В основе патогенетических нарушений при хроническом гастродуодените у детей в условиях воздействия техногенных химических факторов, лежит повышенная контаминация биосред. Результатом этого процесса является срыв систем поддержания гомеостаза — антиоксидантной и иммунной, что влечет за собой развитие взаимосвязанных и взаимоотягощающих синдромов — воспалительного, интоксикационного и гепатобилиарного с последующим формированием морфо-функциональных изменений гастродуоденальной зоны

The use of non-digestible carbohydrates in the production of functional foods

The purpose of the study is to evaluate and analyze the organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters of functional bread using vegetable protein and dietary fiber.Цель исследования — оценить и проанализировать органолептические и физико-химические показатели хлеба функционального назначения при использовании растительного белка и пищевых волокон

Integrative genetic map of repetitive DNA in the sole Solea senegalensis genome shows a Rex transposon located in a proto-sex chromosome

Repetitive sequences play an essential role in the structural and functional evolution of the genome, particularly in the sexual chromosomes. The Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) is a valuable flatfish in aquaculture albeit few studies have addressed the mapping and characterization of repetitive DNA families. Here we analyzed the Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) and Transposable elements (TEs) content from fifty-seven BAC clones (spanning 7.9 Mb) of this species, located in chromosomes by multiple fluorescence in situ hybridization (m-BAC-FISH) technique. The SSR analysis revealed an average density of 675.1 loci per Mb and a high abundance (59.69%) of dinucleotide coverage was observed, being 'AC' the most abundant. An SSR-FISH analysis using eleven probes was also carried out and seven of the 11 probes yielded positive signals. 'AC' probes were present as large clusters in almost all chromosomes, supporting the bioinformatic analysis. Regarding TEs, DNA transposons (Class II) were the most abundant. In Class I, LINE elements were the most abundant and the hAT family was the most represented in Class II. Rex/Babar subfamily, observed in two BAC clones mapping to chromosome pair 1, showed the longest match. This chromosome pair has been recently reported as a putative sexual proto-chromosome in this species, highlighting the possible role of the Rex element in the evolution of this chromosome. In the Rex1 phylogenetic tree, the Senegalese sole Rex1 retrotransposon could be associated with one of the four major ancient lineages in fish genomes, in which it is included O. latipes

Geographical and temporal distribution of SARS-CoV-2 clades in the WHO European Region, January to June 2020

We show the distribution of SARS-CoV-2 genetic clades over time and between countries and outline potential genomic surveillance objectives. We applied three available genomic nomenclature systems for SARS-CoV-2 to all sequence data from the WHO European Region available during the COVID-19 pandemic until 10 July 2020. We highlight the importance of real-time sequencing and data dissemination in a pandemic situation. We provide a comparison of the nomenclatures and lay a foundation for future European genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2.Peer reviewe

ЛЕЧЕНИЕ BRAFV600E-ПОЗИТИВНОГО АНАПЛАСТИЧЕСКОГО РАКА ЩИТОВИДНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ. КЛИНИЧЕСКОЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЕ

Anaplastic thyroid cancer is one of the most aggressive and fatal human carcinomas. A significant experience in using various kinase inhibitors for anaplastic thyroid cancer therapy has been accumulated worldwide. The most encouraging results were obtained after using a combination of b-Raf and MEK kinase inhibitors (vemurafenib/dabrafenib and trametinib/cobimetinib, respectively) for the treatment of the unresectable BRAFV600E-positive anaplastic thyroid cancer. This drug combination makes it possible to perform surgery followed by chemoradiotherapy and other targeted therapies. Here we report a clinical case of anaplastic thyroid cancer in a 69-year-old woman, who was treated with neoadjuvant targeted therapy. The treatment was carried out on the basis of three medical institutions: the National Medical Research Radiological Centre (Moscow), the N.I. Pirogov Clinic of Advanced Medical Technologies (St. Petersburg) and the Endocrinology Research Center (Moscow). Since there is still no universal protocol for treating ATC patients, and only palliative therapy is used in most cases, we emphasized on diagnostic and treatment errors of this disease. Special attention was paid to the importance of using molecular diagnostics and modern medical imaging technologies.Анапластический рак щитовидной железы (АРЩЖ) является одной из самых агрессивных и фатальных карцином человека. В мире накоплен опыт системной терапии анапластического рака щитовидной железы различными ингибиторами киназ. Наиболее обнадеживающие результаты получены при использовании комбинации b-Raf и MEK киназных ингибиторов (вемурафениб/дабрафениб и траметиниб/ кобиметиниб соответственно) для терапии нерезектабельного BRAFV600E-позитивного анапластического рака щитовидной железы. По данным литературы, при использовании этой комбинации в качестве неоадъювантной терапии для нерезектабельных опухолей становится возможным проведение дальнейшего хирургического лечения с последующей послеоперационной таргетной терапией и дистанционной лучевой терапией. В статье описан клинический случай АРЩЖ с применением неоадъювантной таргетной терапии. Лечение проводилось на базе трех медицинских учреждений: НМИЦ радиологии (г. Москва), Клиники высоких медицинских технологий им. Н.И. Пирогова (г. Санкт-Петербург) и НМИЦ эндокринологии (г. Москва). Акцент сделан на учете ошибок при диагностике и лечении данного диагно- за, так как до сих пор не существует универсального протокола его лечения, а в большинстве случаев возможно проведение только паллиативной терапии. Особое внимание уделено важности применения молекулярной диагностики и современных технологий медицинской визуализации.

Clinical Features of Autoimmune Autonomic Ganglionopathy and the Detection of Subunit-Specific Autoantibodies to the Ganglionic Acetylcholine Receptor in Japanese Patients

Autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy (AAG) is a rare acquired channelopathy that is characterized by pandysautonomia, in which autoantibodies to ganglionic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (gAChR) may play a central role. Radioimmunoprecipitation (RIP) assays have been used for the sensitive detection of autoantibodies to gAChR in the serum of patients with AAG. Here, we developed luciferase immunoprecipitation systems (LIPS) to diagnose AAG based on IgGs to both the α3 and β4 gAChR subunits in patient serum. We reviewed the serological and clinical data of 50 Japanese patients who were diagnosed with AAG. With the LIPS testing, we detected anti-α3 and -β4 gAChR antibodies in 48% (24/50) of the patients. A gradual mode of onset was more common in the seropositive group than in the seronegative group. Patients with AAG frequently have orthostatic hypotension and upper and lower gastrointestinal tract symptoms, with or without anti-gAChR. The occurrence of autonomic symptoms was not significantly different between the seropositive and seronegative group, with the exception of achalasia in three patients from the seropositive group. In addition, we found a significant overrepresentation of autoimmune diseases in the seropositive group and endocrinological abnormalities as an occasional complication of AAG. Our results demonstrated that the LIPS assay was a useful novel tool for detecting autoantibodies against gAChR in patients with AAG