Toxicidad hepática del etilenebisdhitiocarbamato en un modelo experimental

Introducción: En los últimos 40 años, la agricultura Brasilera se ha desarrollado de tal manera que el país será uno de los grandes proveedores de alimentos del futuro. Este sector ha venido jugando un papel importante en la economía Brasilera, debido a la gran producción de granos, que está representada por todas las macrorregiones. De hecho, para mantener dicha producción, el sector agrícola utiliza intensivamente insumos químicos como fertilizantes y pesticidas, lo que confirma que Brasil es uno de los mayores consumidores de pesticidas del mundo. Los Etilenbisditiocarbamatos (EBDC) son un grupo de fungicidas que se han utilizado ampliamente en el mundo, siendo el Manganese Ethylenebis (Mancozebe) uno de sus principales representantes. La gran preocupación está relacionada principalmente con la exposición crónica, a concentraciones bajas o altas de Mancozebe. Por esta razón, es importante evaluar el potencial efecto hepatotóxico del Mancozebe en un modelo experimental; Materiales y métodos: La propuesta fue un estudio experimental con 27 ratones Wistar machos, divididos en 3 grupos de 9 cada uno. El grupo de control (CG) recibió solución salina al 0,9% grupo intervención I (MZ1) recibió 250 mg\kg una vez a la semana y grupo intervención II (MZ2) recibió 500 mg\kg una vez a la semana; ambos diluidos en 2ml\kg de solución salina, El tratamiento se llevó a cabo durante 12 semanas, administrado por sonda orogastrica hasta el día de la eutanasia. Se tomaron algunas medidas antropométricas, como peso, altura y circunferencia abdominal; medidos algunos marcadores de exposición como la Etilenotiurea (ETU) en la orina; otros análisis fueron bioquímica, evaluación de genotoxicidad mediante recuento de micronúcleos y ensayo cometa, marcadores de estrés oxidativo y evaluación 15 histológica del hígado. Resultados: El efecto hepatotóxico de la exposición crónica a Mancozebe se confirmó a través de diferentes análisis; medidas antropométricas, cambios hematológicos, bioquímica sanguínea, genotoxicidad y estrés oxidativo, se encontró significacia estadística al comparar los grupos expuestos con el grupo control, estos resultados se apoyaron con la evaluación microscópica del hígado, que registró cambios histológicos como infiltrado inflamatorio y balonamiento en los hepatocitos de los grupos tratados. Conclusión: Se encontró significancia estadística en diversas variables al comparar los grupos expuestos con el grupo control, estos resultados se apoyaron con la evaluación microscópica del hígado, donde se registraron alteraciones histológicas como infiltrado inflamatorio y balonamiento en los grupos tratados. Concluyendo que la exposición crónica a Mancozebe puede tener un efecto deletéreo debido a sus repercusiones en el hígado.Introdução: Nos últimos 40 anos a agricultura brasileira se desenvolveu de tal forma que o país será um dos grandes fornecedores de alimentos do futuro. Esse setor vem desempenhando um importante papel na economia do Brasil, devido à grande produção de grãos, que é representada por todas as macrorregiões. De fato, para manter tal produção, o setor agrícola utiliza intensivamente insumos químicos como fertilizantes e agrotóxicos, corroborando para que o Brasil seja um dos maiores consumidores de pesticidas do mundo. Os Etilenobisditiocarbamatos (EBDCs), são um grupo de fungicidas que tem sido amplamente utilizado no mundo, sendo o Manganese Ethylenebis (Mancozebe), um dos seus principais representantes. A grande preocupação se refere principalmente à exposição crônica, a baixas ou altas concentrações de Mancozeb. Por esse motivo é importante avaliar o potencial efeito hepatotóxico do Mancozebe em um modelo experimental; Materiais e Metodos: a proposta foi um estudo experimental com 27 ratos machos wistar, divididos em 3 grupos de 9 ratos. Grupo Controle (GC) recebeu Solução salina 0,9%, Grupo Internvenção I (MZ1) recebeu 250mg\kg uma vez por semana e Grupo intervenção II (MZ2) recebeu 500 mg\kg tambem uma vez por semana; ambos diluidos em solução salina 2ml\kg.O tratamento foi realizado por 12 semanas, administrado por gavagem até o dia da eutanásia. Foram aferidas algumas medidas antropométricas como peso, comprimento e circunferência abdominal; dosados alguns marcadores de exposição como Etilenotiureia (ETU) em urina; bioquimica, avaliação de genotoxicidade por meio de contagem de micronucleos e ensaio cometa, marcadores de estresse oxidativo e finalmente avaliação histologica do figado. Resultados: Foi confirmado o efeito hepatotóxico 17 da exposição crônica ao Mancozebe através de diferentes análises; medidas antropomêtricas, alterações hematológicas, bioquímica sanguinea, genotoxicidade e stresse oxidativo, foi encontrada siginificância estatistíca quando comparados grupos expostos com o grupo controle, esses resultados foram apoiados com a avaliação microscópica do fígado onde foi registrada alterações histologicas como infiltrado inflamatorio e balonização nos grupos tratados. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a exposição crônica ao Mancozebe pode trazer um efeito deletério pelas suas repercussões no fígado. Este trabalho é um estudo experimental pioneiro na linha de pesquisa sobre hepatotoxicidade dos agrotóxicos no Brasil, e terá continuidade a um modelo em humanos.Introduction: In the last 40 years, Brazilian agriculture has developed to such an extent that the country will be one of the great food suppliers of the future. This sector has played a major role in the Brazilian economy, because of the high grain production in all macroregions. In order to keep up this production, the agricultural sector makes intensive use of chemical inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides, thus corroborating the fact that Brazil is one of the greatest pesticide consumers in the world. Ethylenebis dithiocarbamates (EBDCs) are a group of fungicides that have been widely utilized worldwide , and Manganese Ethylenebis (Mancozeb) is one of their main representatives. The great concern is especially chronic exposure to low or high concentrations of Mancozeb. Therefore, it is important to assess the potential hepatotoxic effect of Mancozeb in an experimental model. Materials and Methods: an experimental study was performed with 27 male Wistar rats, divided into 3 groups of 9 rats. The Control Group (CG) received saline solution 0.9%, Intervention Group I (MZ1) received 250mg\kg once a week and Intervention Group II (MZ2) received 500 mg\kg also once a week, both diluted in saline solution 2ml\kg.The treatment was performed for 12 weeks, administered by gavage until the day they were euthanized. Anthropometric measures, such as weight, length and abdominal circumference were taken. The biological exposure marker was also dosed, Ethyleneurea (ETU) in urine, and biochemical tests were performed, genotoxicity was evaluated by counting micronuclei and Comet assay, oxidative stress markers and histological evaluation of the liver. Results: The hepatological effect of chronic exposure to Mancozeb was confirmed by different tests: anthropometric measures, hematological alterations, blood biochemistry, 19 genotoxicity and oxidative stress. Statistical significance was found when groups exposed were compared to the control group. These results were supported by the microscopic evaluation of liver tissue, where histological alterations, such as inflammatory infiltrate and balloonization of the treated groups were recorded. . Conclusion: It is concluded that chronic exposure to Mancozeb can have a deleterious effect due to its repercussions on the liver. This work is a pioneering experimental study in the line of research on hepatotoxicity of agricultural pesticides in Brazil and it will continue with a model of humans

HEPATOTOXICIDADE DOS PESTICIDAS USADOS EM VITICULTURAS DA REGIÃO SUL DO BRASIL

Introdução: O consumo de agrotóxicos, vem crescendo de maneira exponencial. Os Etilenobisditiocarbamatos (EBDCs), tendo como representante o Mancozebe que são fungicidas utilizados, na Serra Gaúcha, no cultivo de videiras. Objetivo: Avaliar a hepatotoxicidade de pesticidas do grupo dos EBDCs em trabalhadores expostos em viticulturas e não expostos em culturas orgânicas. Métodos: Estudo transversal comparativo com avaliação de 50 trabalhadores expostos e 48 não expostos a EBDCs com entrevista e questionário, coleta de sangue e urina. Avaliação de hepatotoxicidade (exame bioquímico), genotoxicidade (dano DNA), acetilcolinestarase e indicador biológico de exposição (etilenotiouréia urinária - IBE). Vinculado ao projeto CAAE 11627319500005327. Resultados: No grupo não exposto 9 participantes afirmaram terem tido exposição a pesticida no passado. Identificou-se alterações de provas de função hepática (AST/ALT) presente em 5 amostras do grupo exposto. O IBE esteve presente em 100% das amostras, inclusive nas do grupo não exposto. Não foi identificada alteração na análise de acetilcolinestarase nos expostos. Avaliação do dano ao DNA (genotoxicidade) foi significativamente superior no grupo com exposição. Conclusão: As análises preliminares sugerem que a exposição ao mancozebe é capaz de provocar danos à saúde do trabalhador, podendo ocorrer fora do ambiente ocupacional, uma vez que a etilenotiureia, foi identificada inclusive em amostras de urina do grupo não exposto

Search for Physics beyond the Standard Model in Events with Overlapping Photons and Jets

Results are reported from a search for new particles that decay into a photon and two gluons, in events with jets. Novel jet substructure techniques are developed that allow photons to be identified in an environment densely populated with hadrons. The analyzed proton-proton collision data were collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, in 2016 at root s = 13 TeV, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). The spectra of total transverse hadronic energy of candidate events are examined for deviations from the standard model predictions. No statistically significant excess is observed over the expected background. The first cross section limits on new physics processes resulting in such events are set. The results are interpreted as upper limits on the rate of gluino pair production, utilizing a simplified stealth supersymmetry model. The excluded gluino masses extend up to 1.7 TeV, for a neutralino mass of 200 GeV and exceed previous mass constraints set by analyses targeting events with isolated photons.Peer reviewe

Calibration of the CMS hadron calorimeters using proton-proton collision data at root s=13 TeV

Methods are presented for calibrating the hadron calorimeter system of theCMSetector at the LHC. The hadron calorimeters of the CMS experiment are sampling calorimeters of brass and scintillator, and are in the form of one central detector and two endcaps. These calorimeters cover pseudorapidities vertical bar eta vertical bar ee data. The energy scale of the outer calorimeters has been determined with test beam data and is confirmed through data with high transverse momentum jets. In this paper, we present the details of the calibration methods and accuracy.Peer reviewe

Measurement of the top quark forward-backward production asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric and chromomagnetic moments in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV

Abstract The parton-level top quark (t) forward-backward asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric (d̂ t) and chromomagnetic (μ̂ t) moments have been measured using LHC pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected in the CMS detector in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The linearized variable AFB(1) is used to approximate the asymmetry. Candidate t t ¯ events decaying to a muon or electron and jets in final states with low and high Lorentz boosts are selected and reconstructed using a fit of the kinematic distributions of the decay products to those expected for t t ¯ final states. The values found for the parameters are AFB(1)=0.048−0.087+0.095(stat)−0.029+0.020(syst),μ̂t=−0.024−0.009+0.013(stat)−0.011+0.016(syst), and a limit is placed on the magnitude of | d̂ t| < 0.03 at 95% confidence level. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

Measurement of B-c(2S)(+) and B-c*(2S)(+) cross section ratios in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

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Measurement of the t(t)over-barb(b)over-bar production cross section in the all-jet final state in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV

A measurement of the production cross section of top quark pairs in association with two b jets (t (t) over barb (b) over bar) is presented using data collected in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV by the CMS detector at the LHC corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). The cross section is measured in the all-jet decay channel of the top quark pair by selecting events containing at least eight jets, of which at least two are identified as originating from the hadronization of b quarks. A combination of multivariate analysis techniques is used to reduce the large background from multijet events not containing a top quark pair, and to help discriminate between jets originating from top quark decays and other additional jets. The cross section is determined for the total phase space to be 5.5 +/- 0.3 (stat)(-1.3)(+)(1.6) (syst)pb and also measured for two fiducial t (t) over barb (b) over bar, definitions. The measured cross sections are found to be larger than theoretical predictions by a factor of 1.5-2.4, corresponding to 1-2 standard deviations. (C) 2020 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

MUSiC : a model-unspecific search for new physics in proton-proton collisions at root s=13TeV

Results of the Model Unspecific Search in CMS (MUSiC), using proton-proton collision data recorded at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1), are presented. The MUSiC analysis searches for anomalies that could be signatures of physics beyond the standard model. The analysis is based on the comparison of observed data with the standard model prediction, as determined from simulation, in several hundred final states and multiple kinematic distributions. Events containing at least one electron or muon are classified based on their final state topology, and an automated search algorithm surveys the observed data for deviations from the prediction. The sensitivity of the search is validated using multiple methods. No significant deviations from the predictions have been observed. For a wide range of final state topologies, agreement is found between the data and the standard model simulation. This analysis complements dedicated search analyses by significantly expanding the range of final states covered using a model independent approach with the largest data set to date to probe phase space regions beyond the reach of previous general searches.Peer reviewe

Measurement of prompt open-charm production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

The production cross sections for prompt open-charm mesons in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeV are reported. The measurement is performed using a data sample collected by the CMS experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 29 nb(-1). The differential production cross sections of the D*(+/-), D-+/-, and D-0 ((D) over bar (0)) mesons are presented in ranges of transverse momentum and pseudorapidity 4 < p(T) < 100 GeV and vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.1, respectively. The results are compared to several theoretical calculations and to previous measurements.Peer reviewe

Development and validation of HERWIG 7 tunes from CMS underlying-event measurements

This paper presents new sets of parameters (“tunes”) for the underlying-event model of the HERWIG7 event generator. These parameters control the description of multiple-parton interactions (MPI) and colour reconnection in HERWIG7, and are obtained from a fit to minimum-bias data collected by the CMS experiment at s=0.9, 7, and 13Te. The tunes are based on the NNPDF 3.1 next-to-next-to-leading-order parton distribution function (PDF) set for the parton shower, and either a leading-order or next-to-next-to-leading-order PDF set for the simulation of MPI and the beam remnants. Predictions utilizing the tunes are produced for event shape observables in electron-positron collisions, and for minimum-bias, inclusive jet, top quark pair, and Z and W boson events in proton-proton collisions, and are compared with data. Each of the new tunes describes the data at a reasonable level, and the tunes using a leading-order PDF for the simulation of MPI provide the best description of the dat