Investigating an Incubator for Digital innovation in Cultural Heritage

In this case study we investigate a cultural heritage incubator, using theoretical constructs suggested suitable for the study of digital innovation in open-ended value landscapes or ecosystems. Interviews are conducted with eight entrepreneurial firms participating in the incubator, who develop digital innovations within the cultural heritage domain, representatives from museums, also a document study and active participation in incubator activities has been utilized for data collection. A content analysis was conducted using a deductive approach where theoretical constructs from digital innovation literature were used to derive themes connected to concepts of value creation and value capture, value co-creation and co-destruction as well as value spaces paths and recombination. Recommendations are made and the ability of existing theoretical constructs to capture the specific characteristics of the case are made

DESIGNING AN M-GOVERNMENT SOLUTION: ENABLING COLLABORATION THROUGH CITIZEN SOURCING

y combining openness with m-government, OECD and the research community envisage benefits, and action is called for within this field. The objective of this paper is to answer these calls and address the research question How to design a citizen sourcing m-government solution to facilitate collaboration between governments and citizens? An instantiation of a complaint and problem management solution is designed and evaluated using design science. The solution (named Munizapp) comprises a mobile application (app) and an integration platform (ePlatform). The app is the front-end for citizens, enabling them to report complaints and problems to municipalities. The ePlatform facilitates seamless two-way communication between the app and back-end case management system in municipalities. Different evaluation activities have been carried out that proved the enabling features of the solution for facilitating collaboration. Usability evaluation and knowledge gained through the research process provides new knowledge to citizen sourcing and m-government theory. One example is the need to expand citizen sourcing frameworks to also include stakeholders other than citizens and governments as well as the need to explicate value co-creation between all stakeholders touched by the solution. The paper ends with suggestion for future research on value co-creation

The Promise of a Crowd

This paper presents an evaluation of a mobile complaint and problem-reporting solution made for Swedish municipalities and their citizens. The evaluation is made through a government 2.0 framework to assess the appropriateness of the initiative as a citizen-sourcing solution. The research approach consists of a secondary analysis of empirical data. The researchers have been active participants in gathering the data for the secondary analysis. The results show that although the promise of the crowd is very prominent in the technical platform, municipalities are not prepared to fully utilize the citizen-sourcing solution. The main contribution for research is a widening of the body of knowledge regarding citizen-sourcing by an empirical application of a previously developed theoretical citizen-sourcing framework. The paper contributes to society and practice through highlighting difficulties that can be expected when realizing the promise of the crowd

Preoperativ analgetisk behandling med vedaprofen vid kastration av unghingst : utvärdering av pre- och postoperativt beteende

Pain related behaviour in 1.5 year old colts was studied both prior to and following castration. The horses were filmed 24 h prior to surgery and 24 h postoperatively. Parameters, inactive and active behaviours, were recorded in terms of cumulative time observed. Both groups of horses were exercised three times and the gait quality was evaluated. Few differences were observed between the groups. The only significantly different behaviour was "time spent drinking". The placebo group showed this behaviour more postoperatively versus preoperatively. There was a tendency for the behaviour "nose" to be significantly increased in the vedaprofentreated group. All horses treated with vedprofen and one of the horses in the placebogroup showed specific behaviour postoperatively. These behaviours were not observed preoperatively. The most interesting thing however, was that the observer, blinded for the treatment, grouped the horses correctly but placed them in the wrong treatment category. The main result of this study is that it is difficult to evaluate postoperative pain in horses. Possibly the animals without additional analgesics attempted to hide pain. Horses are animals of prey and those showing pain are the most probable to be eaten by carnivores.Syftet med denna studie var att utvärdera pre- och postoperativt beteende hos unga hingstar som behandlats med vedaprofen alternativt placebo före och efter kastration. Samtliga hingstar har videofilmats 24 timmar före och 24 timmar efter operationen. Alla hästarna har använts som sin egen referens. Parametrar, indelade i aktiva och inaktiva har mätts i tid vid studerandet av videofilmerna. Få skillnader sågs mellan gruppen behandlad med vedaprofen och gruppen behandlad med placebo. Enda skillanden mellan grupperna var att hästarna i placebogruppen ägnade mr tid åt beteendet ”drcka”. För beteendet ”nosa” sågs tendens till signifikans, där hästarna behandlade med vedaprofen ägnade mer tid åt beteendet ”nosa” jämfört med placbogruppen. Alla hästar behandlade med vedaprofen, och en av hästarna som behandlades med placebo, uppvisade speciella beteenden postoperativt. Detta var beteenden som de inte visade preoperativt. Det som var mest anmärkningsvärt var att den blindade videobedömaren kunde placera hästarna i rätt grupper, men angav behandlingen fel. Kanske är det så att hästarna, eftersom de är bytesdjur, döljer sin smärta. Konklusionen är att postoperativt smärtbeteende hos häst är svårbedömt. Denna studie är ett pilotprojekt och innehåller endast ett litet material hästar. Fler studier i större skala skulle vara önskvärt. Det finns ett stort behov av forskning på postoperativ smärta hos häst, för att få fram riktiga smärtindikatorer. Så länge inte motsatsen kan bevisas är det lämpligt att ge smärtlindring vid kastration av hingst

Re-Visiting IS Design Science Artifacts: Making a Case for Critical Realism

In this paper critical realism is suggested as a \ suitable philosophical assumption to guide a \ separate, stand-alone retrospective evaluation of \ design science projects and artifacts. A main \ contribution of the paper is to argue that knowledge \ can be gained in retrospective evaluations of design \ science projects regardless of the success or nonsuccess \ of the project itself. Thereby, retrospective \ evaluation complements current evaluations that are \ mostly means-end focused. The argumentation is \ supported through re-visiting two e-government \ design science projects, which can be considered \ both as failures and successes depending on the \ framing. Critical realism puts focus on knowing \ through making and widens the use of design science \ in areas where utility is not the main goal. Future \ research should focus on providing more details on \ how a critical realism retrospective in design science \ should be carried out

Cloudteknikens inverkan på den strategiska lieringen

På vilket eller på vilka sätt kan nyttjandet av cloudtekniken påverka den strategiska lieringen? Med Henderson och Venkatramans (1993) strategiska lieringsmodell som perspektiv vill vi undersöka och därefter tydliggöra genom visualisering på vilket eller på vilka sätt cloudtekniken kan ha en inverkan på den strategiska lieringen. Detta för att bidra till djupare förståelse inom ett område som vi anser är aktuellt men som fortfarande kan anses som outforskat. För att erhålla en förståelse för cloudteknikens påverkan på organisationers strategiska liering har vi intervjuat sju medarbetare på IBM i Sverige om deras uppfattning i ämnet. Metoden bestod av ett kvalitativt arbetssätt där tematiserade intervjufrågor ställdes enligt en semistrukturerad intervjuform. Cloudtekniken har en betydande påverkan på den strategiska lieringen. Intervjupersonerna lyfter några återkommande faktorer där exempelvis snabbhet till marknad med nya tjänster är en faktor som vi upplever bidrar i positiv mening till en ökad liering men vi ser också tendenser till en negativ påverkan i form av minskad dialog mellan affärsverksamheten och IT

Nonuniform ocean acidification and attenuation of the ocean carbon sink

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2017. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 44 (2017): 8404–8413, doi:10.1002/2017GL074389.Surface ocean carbon chemistry is changing rapidly. Partial pressures of carbon dioxide gas (pCO2) are rising, pH levels are declining, and the ocean's buffer capacity is eroding. Regional differences in short-term pH trends primarily have been attributed to physical and biological processes; however, heterogeneous seawater carbonate chemistry may also be playing an important role. Here we use Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Version 4 data to develop 12 month gridded climatologies of carbonate system variables and explore the coherent spatial patterns of ocean acidification and attenuation in the ocean carbon sink caused by rising atmospheric pCO2. High-latitude regions exhibit the highest pH and buffer capacity sensitivities to pCO2 increases, while the equatorial Pacific is uniquely insensitive due to a newly defined aqueous CO2 concentration effect. Importantly, dissimilar regional pH trends do not necessarily equate to dissimilar acidity ([H+]) trends, indicating that [H+] is a more useful metric of acidification.2018-02-1

Reef-building corals thrive within hot-acidified and deoxygenated waters

Coral reefs are deteriorating under climate change as oceans continue to warm and acidify and thermal anomalies grow in frequency and intensity. In vitro experiments are widely used to forecast reef-building coral health into the future, but often fail to account for the complex ecological and biogeochemical interactions that govern reefs. Consequently, observations from coral communities under naturally occurring extremes have become central for improved predictions of future reef form and function. Here, we present a semi-enclosed lagoon system in New Caledonia characterised by diel fluctuations of hot-deoxygenated water coupled with tidally driven persistently low pH, relative to neighbouring reefs. Coral communities within the lagoon system exhibited high richness (number of species = 20) and cover (24-35% across lagoon sites). Calcification rates for key species (Acropora formosa, Acropora pulchra, Coelastrea aspera and Porites lutea) for populations from the lagoon were equivalent to, or reduced by ca. 30-40% compared to those from the reef. Enhanced coral respiration, alongside high particulate organic content of the lagoon sediment, suggests acclimatisation to this trio of temperature, oxygen and pH changes through heterotrophic plasticity. This semi-enclosed lagoon therefore provides a novel system to understand coral acclimatisation to complex climatic scenarios and may serve as a reservoir of coral populations already resistant to extreme environmental conditions

Anthropogenic CO2 and ocean acidification in Argentine Basin water masses over almost five decades of observations

The chemical conditions of the Argentine Basin (western South Atlantic Ocean) water masses are evaluated with measurements from eleven hydrographic cruises to detect and quantify anthropogenic and natural stressors in the ocean carbon system. The database covers almost half-century (1972-2019), a time-span where the mean annual atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (CO2atm) increased from 325 to 408 ppm of volume (ppm). This increase of atmospheric CO2 (83 ppm, the 64% of the total anthropogenic signal in the atmosphere) leads to an increase in anthropogenic carbon (Cant) across all the water column and the consequent ocean acidification: a decrease in excess carbonate that is unequivocal in the upper (South Atlantic Central Water, SACW) and intermediate water masses (Sub Antarctic Mode Water, SAMW and Antarctic Intermediate Water, AAIW). For each additional ppm in CO2atm the water masses SACW, SAMW and AAIW lose excess carbonate at a rate of 0.39 ± 0.04, 0.47 ± 0.05 and 0.23 ± 0.03 μmol·kg-1·ppm-1 respectively. Modal and intermediate water masses in the Argentine Basin are very sensitive to carbon increases due low buffering capacity. The large rate of AAIW acidification is the synergic effect of carbon uptake combined with deoxygenation and increased remineralization of organic matter. If CO2 emissions follows the path of business-as-usual emissions (SSP 5.85), SACW would become undersaturated with respect to aragonite at the end of the century. The undersaturation in AAIW is virtually unavoidable.UIDB/Multi/04326/2020, CEECINST/00114/2018, PID2019-104279GB-C21,info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Dissolution: The achilles' heel of the triton shell in an acidifying ocean

© 2018 Harvey, Agostini, Wada, Inaba and Hall-Spencer. Ocean acidification is expected to negatively impact many calcifying marine organisms by impairing their ability to build their protective shells and skeletons, and by causing dissolution and erosion. Here we investigated the large predatory "triton shell" gastropod Charonia lampas in acidified conditions near CO2 seeps off Shikine-jima (Japan) and compared them with individuals from an adjacent bay with seawater pH at present-day levels (outside the influence of the CO2 seep). By using computed tomography we show that acidification negatively impacts their thickness, density, and shell structure, causing visible deterioration to the shell surface. Periods of aragonite undersaturation caused the loss of the apex region and exposing body tissues. While gross calcification rates were likely reduced near CO2 seeps, the corrosive effects of acidification were far more pronounced around the oldest parts of the shell. As a result, the capacity of C. lampas to maintain their shells under ocean acidification may be strongly driven by abiotic dissolution and erosion, and not under biological control of the calcification process. Understanding the response of marine calcifying organisms and their ability to build and maintain their protective shells and skeletons will be important for our understanding of future marine ecosystems