Riesgo de caídas en personas de la tercera edad según género del área fitness del Club Providencia

Tesis (Profesor de Educación Física, Licenciado en Educación)El propósito de esta investigación, tiene como principal objetivo identificar y comparar el riesgo de caída por géneros de las personas de la tercera edad del Club Providencia. Es por esto que se ha investigado e indagado profundamente en el tema acerca de las características que presentan las personas que están dentro de este rango etáreo, para clasificarlas de acuerdo a su nivel de fragilidad y así poder determinar cuán propenso está un adulto mayor de sufrir una caída y al mismo tiempo prevenir para tomar resguardo de las tareas más peligrosas que debiese evitar. Teniendo estos datos se procederá a realizar un estudio de tipo descriptivo no experimental, en la cual se usará el test “timed up and go” para determinar la fragilidad de cada individuo. Una vez realizado el análisis de los datos, se puede concluir que al comparar por géneros a los adultos mayores del Club Providencia, no existen diferencias significativas en el nivel de fragilidad, lo que refleja que tanto hombres como mujeres están propensos en igualdad de condiciones de sufrir algún tipo de caída

The Heteromeric Complex Formed by Dopamine Receptor D 5 and CCR9 Leads the Gut Homing of CD4 + T Cells Upon Inflammation.

Background and aims: CD4+ T cells constitute central players in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), driving inflammation in the gut mucosa. Current evidence indicates that CCR9 and the integrin α4β7 are necessary and sufficient to imprint colonic homing on CD4+ T cells upon inflammation. Interestingly, dopaminergic signaling has been previously involved in leukocyte homing. Despite dopamine levels are strongly reduced in the inflamed gut mucosa, the role of dopamine in the gut homing of T cells remains unknown. Here, we study how dopaminergic signaling affects T cells upon gut inflammation. Methods: Gut inflammation was induced by transfer of naïve T cells into Rag1-/- mice or by administration of dextran sodium sulfate. T cell migration and differentiation were evaluated by adoptive transfer of congenic lymphocytes followed by flow cytometry analysis. Protein interaction was studied by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer analysis, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and in situ proximity ligation assays. Results: We show the surface receptor providing colonic tropism to effector CD4+ T cells upon inflammation is not CCR9 but the complex formed by CCR9 and the dopamine receptor D5 (DRD5). Assembly of the heteromeric complex was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo using samples from mouse and human origin. The CCR9:DRD5 heteroreceptor was upregulated in the intestinal mucosa of IBD patients. Signaling assays confirmed that complexes behave differently than individual receptors. Remarkably, the disruption of CCR9:DRD5 assembly attenuated the recruitment of CD4+ T cells into the colonic mucosa. Conclusions: Our findings describe a key homing receptor involved in gut inflammation and introduce a new cell surface module in immune cells: macromolecular complexes formed by G protein-coupled receptors integrating the sensing of multiple molecular cues. Keywords: Chemokine Receptors; Dopaminergic Regulation; G Protein-Coupled Receptors Heteromers; Gut Tropism; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Inflammatory Colitis; T Cell Migration

Dopamine receptor D3 expression is altered in CD4(+) T-cells from parkinson's disease patients and its pharmacologic inhibition attenuates the motor impairment in a mouse model

Neuroinflammation constitutes a fundamental process involved in Parkinson's disease (PD). Microglial cells play a central role in the outcome of neuroinflammation and consequent neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Current evidence indicates that CD4(+) T-cells infiltrate the brain in PD, where they play a critical role determining the functional phenotype of microglia, thus regulating the progression of the disease. We previously demonstrated that mice bearing dopamine receptor D3 (DRD3)-deficient CD4(+) T-cells are completely refractory to neuroinflammation and consequent neurodegeneration induced by the administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). In this study we aimed to determine whether DRD3-signalling is altered in peripheral blood CD4(+) T-cells obtained from PD patients in comparison to healthy controls (HC). Furthermore, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of targeting DRD3 confined to CD4(+) T-cells by inducing the pharmacologic antagonism or the transcriptional inhibition of DRD3-signalling in a mouse model of PD induced by the chronic administration of MPTP and probenecid (MPTPp). In vitro analyses performed in human cells showed that the frequency of peripheral blood Th1 and Th17 cells, two phenotypes favoured by DRD3-signalling, were significantly increased in PD patients. Moreover, native CD4(+) T-cells obtained from PD patients displayed a significant higher Th1 -biased differentiation in comparison with those naive CD4(+) T-cells obtained from HC. Nevertheless, DRD3 expression was selectively reduced in CD4(+) T-cells obtained from PD patients. The results obtained from in vivo experiments performed in mice show that the transference of CD4(+) T-cells treated ex vivo with the DRD3-selective antagonist PG01037 into MPTPp-mice resulted in a significant reduction of motor impairment, although without significant effect in neurodegeneration. Conversely, the transference CD4(+) T-cells transduced ex vivo with retroviral pArtículos codifying for an shRNA for DRD3 into MPTPp-mice had no effects neither in motor impairment nor in neurodegeneration. Notably, the systemic antagonism of DRD3 significantly reduced both motor impairment and neurodegeneration in MPTPp mice. Our findings show a selective alteration of DRD3-signalling in CD4(+) T-cells from PD patients and indicate that the selective DRD3-antagonism in this subset of lymphocytes exerts a therapeutic effect in parkinsonian animals dampening motor impairment

Religious transformations in the Middle Ages: towards a new archaeological agenda

The study of religious change in Europe between the collapse of the Roman Empire and the Reformation forms one of the cornerstones of medieval archaeology but has been riven by period, denominational and geographical divisions. This paper lays the groundwork for a fundamental rethink of archaeological approaches to medieval religions, by adopting a holistic framework that places Christian, pagan, Islamic and Jewish case studies of religious transformation in a long-term, comparative perspective. Focused around the analytical themes of ‘hybridity and resilience’ and ‘tempo and trajectories’, our approach shifts attention away from the singularities of national narratives of religious conversion towards a deeper understanding of how religious beliefs, practices and identity were renegotiated by medieval people in their daily lives

CIBERER : Spanish national network for research on rare diseases: A highly productive collaborative initiative

Altres ajuts: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red) is a public national consortium created in 2006 under the umbrella of the Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII). This innovative research structure comprises 11 different specific areas dedicated to the main public health priorities in the National Health System. CIBERER, the thematic area of CIBER focused on rare diseases (RDs) currently consists of 75 research groups belonging to universities, research centers, and hospitals of the entire country. CIBERER's mission is to be a center prioritizing and favoring collaboration and cooperation between biomedical and clinical research groups, with special emphasis on the aspects of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cellular research of RDs. This research is the basis for providing new tools for the diagnosis and therapy of low-prevalence diseases, in line with the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) objectives, thus favoring translational research between the scientific environment of the laboratory and the clinical setting of health centers. In this article, we intend to review CIBERER's 15-year journey and summarize the main results obtained in terms of internationalization, scientific production, contributions toward the discovery of new therapies and novel genes associated to diseases, cooperation with patients' associations and many other topics related to RD research

Pooled analysis of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist use and mortality after emergency laparotomy

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practice for 10 years, yet its place in emergency surgery has not been assessed on a global scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate reported checklist use in emergency settings and examine the relationship with perioperative mortality in patients who had emergency laparotomy. Methods In two multinational cohort studies, adults undergoing emergency laparotomy were compared with those having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Relationships between reported checklist use and mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapped simulation. Results Of 12 296 patients included from 76 countries, 4843 underwent emergency laparotomy. After adjusting for patient and disease factors, checklist use before emergency laparotomy was more common in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) (2455 of 2741, 89.6 per cent) compared with that in countries with a middle (753 of 1242, 60.6 per cent; odds ratio (OR) 0.17, 95 per cent c.i. 0.14 to 0.21, P <0001) or low (363 of 860, 422 per cent; OR 008, 007 to 010, P <0.001) HDI. Checklist use was less common in elective surgery than for emergency laparotomy in high-HDI countries (risk difference -94 (95 per cent c.i. -11.9 to -6.9) per cent; P <0001), but the relationship was reversed in low-HDI countries (+121 (+7.0 to +173) per cent; P <0001). In multivariable models, checklist use was associated with a lower 30-day perioperative mortality (OR 0.60, 0.50 to 073; P <0.001). The greatest absolute benefit was seen for emergency surgery in low- and middle-HDI countries. Conclusion Checklist use in emergency laparotomy was associated with a significantly lower perioperative mortality rate. Checklist use in low-HDI countries was half that in high-HDI countries.Peer reviewe

Producción artesanal de semilla de frijol en Veracruz, México.

Para solucionar la escasez se semilla mejorada de frijol en los municipios de Veracruz y Jamapa se estableció el proyecto de Producción Artesanal de Semillas de Frijol (PASF), desde el ciclo 1998/99, con un modelo de coparticipación de las Jefaturas de Fomento Agropecuario de los Ayuntamientos, productores e investigadores del programa de frijol. En el primer ciclo se establecieron parcelas demostrativas y de validación con variedades y líneas, respectivamente y se capacitó a los agricultores aprendiendo - haciendo. En el siguiente ciclo se multiplicaron las variedades con productores asesorados por los investigadores y se hizo la entrega de semilla PASF. Con base en cuatro toneladas de semilla y el pago por parte de las municipalidades de Veracruz y Jamapa del 50% del costo de la semilla, 118 productores sembraron 100 hectáreas en el ciclo otoño-invierno 99-2000; además se distribuyeron 800kg a agricultores frijoleros. En las parcelas comerciales los rendimientos fueron variables debido a la lluvia irregular; en el municipio de Veracruz, las variedades PASF promediaron 550 kg y en Jamapa fueron de 650 kg/ha. Estos rendimientos fueron superiores a los obtenidos con semilla de programas emergentes y a los criollos regionales (300 kg/ha). La estrategia propuesta es una alternativa viable para satisfacer la demanda de semilla municipal e iniciar un proceso de adopción entre los agricultores. Este modelo se está promoviendo actualmente en otros municipios del estado de Veracruz

Producción artesanal de semilla de frijol en Veracruz, México

To solve the shortage of improved bean seed in the Municipalities of Medellin and Jamapa, a project for farmer’s bean seed production (PASF) was started in 1998/99, following a partnership model wich included the Municipality Office for Agriculture Promotion, bean producers and researchers from the INIFAP Bean Program. During the first growing cycle, demonstrative plots with different bean varieties and lines were established and bean growers were trained using the method of learning by doing. During the second growing cycle, bean varieties were multiplied in plots of farmers who received advice from the INIFAP researches and the PASF bean seed was delivered. With the production of four tons of bean seed and the support of the Municipality which paid for 50% of the seed cost, 100 ha were sowed by 118 bean growers during the 1999-2000 Fall-Winter growing cycle; moreover 800 kg of bean seed were directly distributed by the bean growers. Due to the irregular rainfall, grain yields of the commercial plots were variable. In the Municipality of Veracruz, the PASF varieties had a yield average of 550 kg/ha and in the Municipality of Jamapa the yield average was 650 kg/ha. Even so, these grain yields were higher than those obtained in plots sowed with seed from emergent programs or traditional farmer seed. The promoted strategy is a variable alternative to satisfy the demand of municipal bean seed and to start an adoption process of bean varieties among bean growers. This model is being promoted in other Municipalities of the State of Veracruz.Para solucionar la escasez se semilla mejorada de frijol en los municipios de Veracruz y Jamapa se estableció el proyecto de Producción Artesanal de Semillas de Frijol (PASF), desde el ciclo 1998/99, con un modelo de coparticipación de las Jefaturas de Fomento Agropecuario de los Ayuntamientos, productores e investigadores del programa de frijol. En el primer ciclo se establecieron parcelas demostrativas y de validación con variedades y líneas, respectivamente y se capacitó a los agricultores aprendiendo - haciendo. En el siguiente ciclo se multiplicaron las variedades con productores asesorados por los investigadores y se hizo la entrega de semilla PASF. Con base en cuatro toneladas de semilla y el pago por parte de las municipalidades de Veracruz y Jamapa del 50% del costo de la semilla, 118 productores sembraron 100 hectáreas en el ciclo otoño-invierno 99-2000; además se distribuyeron 800kg a agricultores frijoleros. En las parcelas comerciales los rendimientos fueron variables debido a la lluvia irregular; en el municipio de Veracruz, las variedades PASF promediaron 550 kg y en Jamapa fueron de 650 kg/ha. Estos rendimientos fueron superiores a los obtenidos con semilla de programas emergentes y a los criollos regionales (300 kg/ha). La estrategia propuesta es una alternativa viable para satisfacer la demanda de semilla municipal e iniciar un proceso de adopción entre los agricultores. Este modelo se está promoviendo actualmente en otros municipios del estado de Veracruz

Dopamine Receptor D3 Signaling on CD4(+) T Cells Favors Th1-and Th17-Mediated Immunity

Dopamine receptor D3 (DRD3) expressed on CD4(+) T cells is required to promote neuroinflammation in a murine model of Parkinson's disease. However, how DRD3 signaling affects T cell-mediated immunity remains unknown. In this study, we report that TCR stimulation on mouse CD4(+) T cells induces DRD3 expression, regardless of the lineage specification. Importantly, functional analyses performed in vivo using adoptive transfer of OVA-specific OT-II cells into wild-type recipients show that DRD3 deficiency in CD4(+) T cells results in attenuated differentiation of naive CD4(+) T cells toward the Th1 phenotype, exacerbated generation of Th2 cells, and unaltered Th17 differentiation. The reciprocal regulatory effect of DRD3 signaling in CD4(+) T cells favoring Th1 generation and impairing the acquisition of Th2 phenotype was also reproduced using in vitro approaches. Mechanistic analysis indicates that DRD3 signaling evokes suppressor of cytokine signaling 5 expression, a negative regulator of Th2 development, which indirectly favors acquisition of Th1 phenotype. Accordingly, DRD3 deficiency results in exacerbated eosinophil infiltration into the airways of mice undergoing house dust mite-induced allergic response. Interestingly, our results show that, upon chronic inflammatory colitis induced by transfer of naive CD4(+) T cells into lymphopenic recipients, DRD3 deficiency not only affects Th1 response, but also the frequency of Th17 cells, suggesting that DRD3 signaling also contributes to Th17 expansion under chronic inflammatory conditions. In conclusion, our findings indicate that DRD3-mediated signaling in CD4(+) T cells plays a crucial role in the balance of effector lineages, favoring the inflammatory potential of CD4(+) T cells.This work was supported by Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cientı´fico y Tecnolo´gico de Chile Grant 1130271, Comisio´n Nacional de Investigacio´n Cientı´fica y Tecnolo´gica de Chile Grant PFB-16, and Michael J. Fox Foundation Grant 10332 (to R.P.), as well as by the Programa de Formacio´n de Capital Humano Avanzado–Magı´ster Nacional, Comisio´n Nacional de Investigacio´n Cientı´fica y Tecnolo´gica de Chile Grants 22140120 (to F.O.-B.) and 22150983 (to E.L.), the Programa Atraccio´n e Insercio´n de Capital Humano Avanzado, Comisio´n Nacional de Investigacio´n Cientı´fica y Tecnolo´gica de Chile Grant 82130031 (to F.O.), and a Universidad Andre´s Bello Ph.D. fellowship (to D.E.)