4 research outputs found
Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abbas Kaja M.
- Abbasi Mohammad
- Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen
- Abbasifard Mitra
- Abbastabar Hedayat
- Abd El Razek Hassan Magdy
- Abd El Razek Muhammed Magdy
- Abd-Allah Foad
- Abdelalim Ahmed
- Abdollahi Mohammad
- Abdollahpour Ibrahim
- Abdulkader Rizwan Suliankatchi
- Abdullah Kanaan Hamagharib
- Abedi Aidin
- Abedi Parisa
- Abegaz Kedir Hussein
- Abolhassani Hassan
- Abosetugn Akine Eshete
- Aboyans Victor
- Abrams Elissa M.
- Abreu Lucas Guimaraes
- Abrigo Michael R. M.
- Abu Haimed Abdulaziz Khalid
- Abu-Gharbieh Eman
- Abu-Raddad Laith Jamal
- Abualhasan Ahmed
- Abushouk Abdelrahman I.
- Acebedo Alyssa
- Ackerman Ilana N.
- Adabi Maryam
- Adair Tim
- Adamu Abdu A.
- Adebayo Oladimeji M.
- Adedeji Isaac Akinkunmi
- Adekanmbi Victor
- Adelson Jaimie D.
- Adeoye Abiodun Moshood
- Adetokunboh Olatunji O.
- Adham Davoud
- Advani Shailesh M.
- Afarideh Mohsen
- Afshari Mahdi
- Afshin Ashkan
- Agardh Emilie E.
- Agarwal Gina
- Agasthi Pradyumna
- Agesa Kareha M.
- Aghaali Mohammad
- Aghamir Seyed Mohammad Kazem
- Agrawal Anurag
- Ahmad Tauseef
- Ahmadi Alireza
- Ahmadi Keivan
- Ahmadi Mehdi
- Ahmadieh Hamid
- Ahmadpour Ehsan
- Ahmed Muktar Beshir
- Aji Budi
- Akalu Temesgen Yihunie
- Akinyemi Rufus Olusola
- Akinyemiju Tomi
- Akombi Blessing
- Akunna Chisom Joyqueenet
- Al-Aly Ziyad
- Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M.
- Al-Raddadi Rajaa M.
- Alahdab Fares
- Alam Khurshid
- Alam Noore
- Alam Samiah
- Alam Tahiya
- Alanezi Fahad Mashhour
- Alanzi Turki M.
- Albertson Samuel B.
- Alcalde-Rabanal Jacqueline Elizabeth
- Alema Niguse Meles
- Alemu Biresaw Wassihun
- Alemu Yihun Mulugeta
- Alhabib Khalid F.
- Alhassan Robert Kaba
- Ali Muhammad
- Ali Saqib
- Alicandro Gianfranco
- Alijanzadeh Mehran
- Alinia Cyrus
- Alipour Vahid
- Alizade Hesam
- Aljunid Syed Mohamed
- Alla Francois
- Allebeck Peter
- Almadi Majid Abdulrahman Hamad
- Almasi Ali
- Almasi-Hashiani Amir
- Almasri Nihad A.
- Almulhim Abdulaziz M.
- Alonso Jordi
- Altirkawi Khalid A.
- Alumran Arwa Khalid
- Alvis-Guzman Nelson
- Alvis-Zakzuk Nelson J.
- Amare Azmeraw T.
- Amare Bekalu
- Amini Saeed
- Amini-Rarani Mostafa
- Aminorroaya Arya
- Amiri Fatemeh
- Amit Arianna Maever L.
- Amugsi Dickson A.
- Amul Gianna Gayle Herrera
- Anbesu Etsay Woldu
- Ancuceanu Robert
- Anderlini Deanna
- Anderson Jason A.
- Andrei Catalina Liliana
- Andrei Tudorel
- Androudi Sofia
- Angus Colin
- Anjomshoa Mina
- Ansari Fereshteh
- Ansari Iman
- Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza
- Antonazzo Ippazio Cosimo
- Antonio Carl Abelardo T.
- Antony Catherine M.
- Antriyandarti Ernoiz
- Anvari Davood
- Anwer Razique
- Appiah Seth Christopher Yaw
- Arab-Zozani Morteza
- Arabloo Jalal
- Aravkin Aleksandr Y.
- Arba Aseb Arba Kinfe
- Aremu Olatunde
- Ariani Filippo
- Aripov Timur
- Armoon Bahram
- Arnlov Johan
- Arowosegbe Oluwaseyi Olalekan
- Aryal Krishna K.
- Arzani Afsaneh
- Asaad Malke
- Asadi-Aliabadi Mehran
- Asadi-Pooya Ali A.
- Asgari Samaneh
- Asghari Babak
- Ashbaugh Charlie
- Assmus Michael
- Atafar Zahra
- Athari Seyyed Shamsadin
- Atnafu Desta Debalkie
- Atout Maha Moh'd Wahbi
- Atre Sachin R.
- Atteraya Madhu Sudhan
- Ausloos Floriane
- Ausloos Marcel
- Avila-Burgos Leticia
- Avokpaho Euripide Frinel Gbenato Arthur
- Ayano Getinet
- Ayanore Martin Amogre
- Aynalem Getie Lake
- Aynalem Yared Asmare
- Ayza Muluken Altaye
- Azari Samad
- Azarian Ghasem
- Azene Zelalem Nigussie
- Azhar Gulrez
- Azzopardi Peter S.
- Babaee Ebrahim
- Badawi Alaa
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- Bagherzadeh Mojtaba
- Bagli Eleni
- Bahrami Mohammad Amin
- Baig Atif Amin
- Bairwa Mohan
- Bakhshaei Mohammad Hossein
- Bakhtiari Ahad
- Bakkannavar Shankar M.
- Balachandran Arun
- Balakrishnan Senthilkumar
- Balalla Shivanthi
- Balassyano Shelly
- Baldasseroni Alberto
- Bali Ahmed Omar
- Ball Kylie
- Ballew Shoshana H.
- Balzi Daniela
- Banach Maciej
- Bandpei Mohammad A. Mohseni
- Banerjee Srikanta K.
- Banik Palash Chandra
- Bannick Marlena S.
- Bante Agegnehu Bante
- Bante Simachew Animen
- Baraki Adhanom Gebreegziabher
- Barboza Miguel A.
- Barker-Collo Suzanne Lyn
- Barnighausen Till Winfried
- Barrero Lope H.
- Barthelemy Celine M.
- Barua Lingkan
- Barzegar Akbar
- Basaleem Huda
- Bassat Quique
- Basu Sanjay
- Baune Bernhard T.
- Bayati Mohsen
- Baye Bayisa Abdissa
- Bazmandegan Gholamreza
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- Bedi Neeraj
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- Berman Adam E.
- Bernabe Eduardo
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- Bhagavathula Akshaya Srikanth
- Bhageerathy Reshmi
- Bhala Neeraj
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- Bicer Burcu Kucuk
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- Bisanzio Donal
- Bisignano Catherine
- Biswas Raaj Kishore
- Bitew Helen
- Bjorge Tone
- Bockarie Moses John
- Bohlouli Somayeh
- Bohluli Mehdi
- Bojia Hunduma Amensisa
- Bolla Srinivasa Rao
- Boloor Archith
- Boon-Dooley Alexandra S.
- Borges Guilherme
- Borzi Antonio Maria
- Borzouei Shiva
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- Bosetti Cristina
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- Brady Oliver J.
- Braithwaite Dejana
- Brauer Michael
- Brayne Carol
- Breitborde Nicholas J. K.
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- Briggs Andrew M.
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- Cao Jackie
- Car Josip
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- Causey Kate
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- Chang Alex R.
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- Chimed-Ochir Odgerel
- Chin Ken Lee
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- Christensen Hanne
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- Dai Hancheng
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- Damiani Giovanni
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- Dangel William James
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- Defo Barthelemy Kuate
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- Demoz Gebre Teklemariam
- Demsie Desalegn Getnet
- Denova-Gutierrez Edgar
- Dereje Nebiyu Dereje
- Deribe Kebede
- Dervenis Nikolaos
- Desai Rupak
- Desalew Assefa
- Dessie Getenet Ayalew
- Deuba Keshab
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- Kulkarni Vaman
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- Kumaresh Girikumar
- Kurmi Om P.
- Kusuma Dian
- Kyu Hmwe Hmwe
- La Vecchia Carlo
- Lacey Ben
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- Lallukka Tea
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- Lami Faris Hasan
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- Levi Miriam
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- Malagon-Rojas Jeadran N.
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- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the posterior distribution. Findings: Global health has steadily improved over the past 30 years as measured by age-standardised DALY rates. After taking into account population growth and ageing, the absolute number of DALYs has remained stable. Since 2010, the pace of decline in global age-standardised DALY rates has accelerated in age groups younger than 50 years compared with the 1990–2010 time period, with the greatest annualised rate of decline occurring in the 0–9-year age group. Six infectious diseases were among the top ten causes of DALYs in children younger than 10 years in 2019: lower respiratory infections (ranked second), diarrhoeal diseases (third), malaria (fifth), meningitis (sixth), whooping cough (ninth), and sexually transmitted infections (which, in this age group, is fully accounted for by congenital syphilis; ranked tenth). In adolescents aged 10–24 years, three injury causes were among the top causes of DALYs: road injuries (ranked first), self-harm (third), and interpersonal violence (fifth). Five of the causes that were in the top ten for ages 10–24 years were also in the top ten in the 25–49-year age group: road injuries (ranked first), HIV/AIDS (second), low back pain (fourth), headache disorders (fifth), and depressive disorders (sixth). In 2019, ischaemic heart disease and stroke were the top-ranked causes of DALYs in both the 50–74-year and 75-years-and-older age groups. Since 1990, there has been a marked shift towards a greater proportion of burden due to YLDs from non-communicable diseases and injuries. In 2019, there were 11 countries where non-communicable disease and injury YLDs constituted more than half of all disease burden. Decreases in age-standardised DALY rates have accelerated over the past decade in countries at the lower end of the SDI range, while improvements have started to stagnate or even reverse in countries with higher SDI. Interpretation: As disability becomes an increasingly large component of disease burden and a larger component of health expenditure, greater research and developm nt investment is needed to identify new, more effective intervention strategies. With a rapidly ageing global population, the demands on health services to deal with disabling outcomes, which increase with age, will require policy makers to anticipate these changes. The mix of universal and more geographically specific influences on health reinforces the need for regular reporting on population health in detail and by underlying cause to help decision makers to identify success stories of disease control to emulate, as well as opportunities to improve. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licens
Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2019:a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
- Abbas K. M. (Kaja M.)
- Abbasi-Kangevari M. (Mohsen)
- Abbasifard M. (Mitra)
- Abbastabar H. (Hedayat)
- Abd El Razek H. M. (Hassan Magdy)
- Abd El Razek M. M. (Muhammed Magdy)
- Abd-Allah F. (Foad)
- Abdelalim A. (Ahmed)
- Abdulkader R. S. (Rizwan Suliankatchi)
- Abdullah K. H. (Kanaan Hamagharib)
- Abolhassani H. (Hassan)
- Abreu L. G. (Lucas Guimaraes)
- Abrigo M. R. (Michael R. M.)
- Abushouk A. I. (Abdelrahman I.)
- Adabi M. (Maryam)
- Adair T. (Tim)
- Adebayo O. M. (Oladimeji M.)
- Adedeji I. A. (Isaac Akinkunmi)
- Adekanmbi V. (Victor)
- Adeoye A. M. (Abiodun Moshood)
- Adetokunboh O. O. (Olatunji O.)
- Advani S. M. (Shailesh M.)
- Afshin A. (Ashkan)
- Aghaali M. (Mohammad)
- Agrawal A. (Anurag)
- Ahmadi K. (Keivan)
- Ahmadieh H. (Hamid)
- Ahmed M. B. (Muktar Beshir)
- Al-Aly Z. (Ziyad)
- Al-Mekhlafi H. M. (Hesham M.)
- Alam K. (Khurshid)
- Alam T. (Tahiya)
- Alanezi F. M. (Fahad Mashhour)
- Alanzi T. M. (Turki M.)
- Alcalde-Rabanal J. E. (Jacqueline Elizabeth)
- Ali M. (Muhammad)
- Alicandro G. (Gianfranco)
- Alijanzadeh M. (Mehran)
- Alinia C. (Cyrus)
- Alipour V. (Vahid)
- Alizade H. (Hesam)
- Aljunid S. M. (Syed Mohamed)
- Allebeck P. (Peter)
- Almadi M. A. (Majid Abdulrahman Hamad)
- Almasi-Hashiani A. (Amir)
- Altirkawi K. A. (Khalid A.)
- Alumran A. K. (Arwa Khalid)
- Alvis-Guzman N. (Nelson)
- Amini-Rarani M. (Mostafa)
- Aminorroaya A. (Arya)
- Amit A. M. (Arianna Maever L.)
- Ancuceanu R. (Robert)
- Andrei C. L. (Catalina Liliana)
- Androudi S. (Sofia)
- Angus C. (Colin)
- Anjomshoa M. (Mina)
- Ansari F. (Fereshteh)
- Ansari I. (Iman)
- Ansari-Moghaddam A. (Alireza)
- Antonio C. A. (Carl Abelardo T.)
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- Taveira N. (Nuno)
- Taylor H. J. (Heather Jean)
- Teagle W. L. (Whitney L.)
- Tehrani-Banihashemi A. (Arash)
- Teklehaimanot B. F. (Berhane Fseha)
- Tessema Z. T. (Zemenu Tadesse)
- Thankappan K. R. (Kavumpurathu Raman)
- Thomas N. (Nihal)
- Thrift A. G. (Amanda G.)
- Titova M. V. (Mariya Vladimirovna)
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- Tonelli M. (Marcello)
- Topor-Madry R. (Roman)
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- Tovani-Palone M. R. (Marcos Roberto Roberto)
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- Truelsen T. C. (Thomas Clement)
- Unnikrishnan B. (Bhaskaran)
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- Vakilian A. (Alireza)
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- Valli A. (Alessandro)
- Vardavas C. (Constantine)
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- Veisani Y. (Yousef)
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- Violante F. S. (Francesco S.)
- Vlassov V. (Vasily)
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- Vos T. (Theo)
- Vujcic I. S. (Isidora S.)
- Vukovic A. (Ana)
- Vukovic R. (Rade)
- Waheed Y. (Yasir)
- Wallin M. T. (Mitchell Taylor)
- Walters M. K. (Magdalene K.)
- Wang H. (Haidong)
- Wang H. (Hongbo)
- Wang Y.-P. (Yuan-Pang)
- Watson S. (Stefanie)
- Wei J. (Jingkai)
- Weiss J. (Jordan)
- Weldesamuel G. T. (Girmay Teklay)
- Werdecker A. (Andrea)
- Westerman R. (Ronny)
- Whiteford H. A. (Harvey A.)
- Wiangkham T. (Taweewat)
- Wiens K. E. (Kirsten E.)
- Wijeratne T. (Tissa)
- Wiysonge C. S. (Charles Shey)
- Wojtyniak B. (Bogdan)
- Wolfe C. D. (Charles D. A.)
- Wondmieneh A. B. (Adam Belay)
- Wool E. E. (Eve E.)
- Wu A.-M. (Ai-Min)
- Wu J. (Junjie)
- Xu G. (Gelin)
- Yamada T. (Tomohide)
- Yamagishi K. (Kazumasa)
- Yano Y. (Yuichiro)
- Yaya S. (Sanni)
- Yazdi-Feyzabadi V. (Vahid)
- Yearwood J. A. (Jamal A.)
- Yeheyis T. Y. (Tomas Y.)
- Yilgwan C. S. (Christopher Sabo)
- Yip P. (Paul)
- Yonemoto N. (Naohiro)
- Yoon S.-J. (Seok-Jun)
- York H. W. (Hunter W.)
- Younis M. Z. (Mustafa Z.)
- Younker T. P. (Theodore Patrick)
- Yousefi Z. (Zabihollah)
- Yousefinezhadi T. (Taraneh)
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- Yusefzadeh H. (Hasan)
- Zakzuk J. (Josefina)
- Zamani M. (Mohammad)
- Zamanian M. (Maryam)
- Zandian H. (Hamed)
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- Zheng P. (Peng)
- Zhou M. (Maigeng)
- Ziapour A. (Arash)
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
Abstract
Background: Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019.
Methods: 8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate age-specific fertility rates for 5-year age groups between ages 15 and 49 years. With extensions to age groups 10–14 and 50–54 years, the total fertility rate (TFR) was then aggregated using the estimated age-specific fertility between ages 10 and 54 years. 7417 sources were used for under-5 mortality estimation and 7355 for adult mortality. ST-GPR was used to synthesise data sources after correction for known biases. Adult mortality was measured as the probability of death between ages 15 and 60 years based on vital registration, sample registration, and sibling histories, and was also estimated using ST-GPR. HIV-free life tables were then estimated using estimates of under-5 and adult mortality rates using a relational model life table system created for GBD, which closely tracks observed age-specific mortality rates from complete vital registration when available. Independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated by an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance and other sources were incorporated into the estimates in countries with large epidemics. Annual and single-year age estimates of net migration and population for each country and territory were generated using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model that analysed estimated age-specific fertility and mortality rates along with 1250 censuses and 747 population registry years. We classified location-years into seven categories on the basis of the natural rate of increase in population (calculated by subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate) and the net migration rate. We computed healthy life expectancy (HALE) using years lived with disability (YLDs) per capita, life tables, and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty was propagated throughout the demographic estimation process, including fertility, mortality, and population, with 1000 draw-level estimates produced for each metric.
Findings: The global TFR decreased from 2·72 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 2·66–2·79) in 2000 to 2·31 (2·17–2·46) in 2019. Global annual livebirths increased from 134·5 million (131·5–137·8) in 2000 to a peak of 139·6 million (133·0–146·9) in 2016. Global livebirths then declined to 135·3 million (127·2–144·1) in 2019. Of the 204 countries and territories included in this study, in 2019, 102 had a TFR lower than 2·1, which is considered a good approximation of replacement-level fertility. All countries in sub-Saharan Africa had TFRs above replacement level in 2019 and accounted for 27·1% (95% UI 26·4–27·8) of global livebirths. Global life expectancy at birth increased from 67·2 years (95% UI 66·8–67·6) in 2000 to 73·5 years (72·8–74·3) in 2019. The total number of deaths increased from 50·7 million (49·5–51·9) in 2000 to 56·5 million (53·7–59·2) in 2019. Under-5 deaths declined from 9·6 million (9·1–10·3) in 2000 to 5·0 million (4·3–6·0) in 2019. Global population increased by 25·7%, from 6·2 billion (6·0–6·3) in 2000 to 7·7 billion (7·5–8·0) in 2019. In 2019, 34 countries had negative natural rates of increase; in 17 of these, the population declined because immigration was not sufficient to counteract the negative rate of decline. Globally, HALE increased from 58·6 years (56·1–60·8) in 2000 to 63·5 years (60·8–66·1) in 2019. HALE increased in 202 of 204 countries and territories between 2000 and 2019.
Interpretation: Over the past 20 years, fertility rates have been dropping steadily and life expectancy has been increasing, with few exceptions. Much of this change follows historical patterns linking social and economic determinants, such as those captured by the GBD Socio-demographic Index, with demographic outcomes. More recently, several countries have experienced a combination of low fertility and stagnating improvement in mortality rates, pushing more populations into the late stages of the demographic transition. Tracking demographic change and the emergence of new patterns will be essential for global health monitoring
Population-level risks of alcohol consumption by amount, geography, age, sex, and year: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020
- Author
- Ab Khan Moien
- Abate Kalkidan Hassen
- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abdoli Amir
- Abdollahi Mohammad
- Abdullah Abu Yousuf Md
- Abhilash E. S.
- Abu Gharbieh Eman
- Acuna Juan Manuel
- Addolorato Giovanni
- Adebayo Oladimeji M.
- Adekanmbi Victor
- Adhikari Kishor
- Adhikari Sangeet
- Adnani Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah
- Afzal Saira
- Agegnehu Wubetu Yimam
- Aggarwal Manik
- Ahinkorah Bright Opoku
- Ahmad Araz Ramazan
- Ahmad Sajjad
- Ahmad Tauseef
- Ahmadi Ali
- Ahmadi Sepideh
- Ahmed Haroon
- Akunna Chisom Joyqueenet
- Al Hamad Hanadi
- Alam Md Zakiul
- Alem Dejene Tsegaye
- Alene Kefyalew Addis
- Aliabad Hassan Okati
- Alimohamadi Yousef
- Alizadeh Atiyeh
- Allel Kasim
- Alonso Jordi
- Altamirano Doris V. Ortega
- Alvand Saba
- Amare Firehiwot
- Ameyaw Edward Kwabena
- Amiri Sohrab
- Ancuceanu Robert
- Anderson Jason A.
- Andrei Catalina Liliana
- Andrei Tudorel
- Arabloo Jalal
- Arshad Muhammad
- Artamonov Anton A.
- Aryan Zahra
- Asaad Malke
- Asemahagn Mulusew A.
- Athari Seyyed Shamsadin
- Atnafu Desta Debalkie
- Atorkey Prince
- Atreya Alok
- Ausloos Floriane
- Ausloos Marcel
- Ayano Getinet
- Ayanore Martin Amogre
- Ayinde Olatunde O.
- Azadnajafabad Sina
- Azanaw Melkalem Mamuye
- Azzam Ahmed Y.
- Badiye Ashish D.
- Bagheri Nasser
- Bagherieh Sara
- Bairwa Mohan
- Bakkannavar Shankar M.
- Bakshi Ravleen Kaur
- Balchut Awraris Hailu
- Bali Ahmed Omar
- Barra Fabio
- Barrow Amadou
- Baskaran Pritish
- Belo Luis
- Bennett Derrick A.
- Bensenor Isabela M.
- Beyranvand Mehran Shams
- Bhagavathula Akshaya Srikanth
- Bhala Neeraj
- Bhalla Ashish
- Bhardwaj Nikha
- Bhardwaj Pankaj
- Bhaskar Sonu
- Bhattacharyya Krittika
- Bhojaraja Vijayalakshmi S.
- Bintoro Bagas Suryo
- Blokhina Elena A. Elena
- Bodicha Belay Boda Abule
- Boloor Archith
- Bosetti Cristina
- Braithwaite Dejana
- Brenner Hermann
- Briko Nikolay Ivanovich
- Brunoni Andre R.
- Bryazka Dana
- Burt Thomas Astell
- Butt Zahid A.
- Cao Chao
- Cao Yin
- Cardenas Rosario
- Carvalho Andre F.
- Carvalho Marcia
- Castelpietra Giulio
- Cattaruzza Maria Sofia
- Chakraborty Promit Ananyo
- Charan Jaykaran
- Chattu Vijay Kumar
- Chaurasia Akhilanand
- Cherbuin Nicolas
- Chu Dinh Toi
- Chudal Nandita
- Chung Sheng Chia
- Churko Chuchu
- Ciobanu Liliana G.
- Cirillo Massimo
- Claro Rafael M.
- Collaborators GBD 2020 Alcohol
- Costanzo Simona
- Cowden Richard G.
- Criqui Michael H.
- Culbreth Garland T.
- da Silva Diana Dias
- da Silva Natacha Torres
- Dachew Berihun Assefa
- Dadras Omid
- Dai Xiaochen
- Damiani Giovanni
- Dandona Lalit
- Dandona Rakhi
- Daniel Beniam Darge
- Danielewicz Anna
- Davletov Kairat
- de Araujo Jacyra Azevedo Paiva
- de Araujo Luis F. S. Castro
- de Sa Junior Antonio Reis
- de Sa Ana Carolina Micheletti Gomide Nogueira
- Debela Sisay Abebe
- Dehghan Azizallah
- Demetriades Andreas K.
- Desai Rupak
- Desideri Lorenzo Ferro
- Desta Abebaw Alemayehu
- Diaz Daniel
- Digesa Lankamo Ena
- Diress Mengistie
- Dodangeh Milad
- Dongarwar Deepa
- Dorostkar Fariba
- Dsouza Haneil Larson
- Duko Bereket
- Duncan Bruce B.
- Edvardsson Kristina
- Ekholuenetale Michael
- Elgar Frank J.
- Elhadi Muhammed
- Elmonem Mohamed A.
- Endries Aman Yesuf
- Eskandarieh Sharareh
- Etemadimanesh Azin
- Fagbamigbe Adeniyi Francis
- Fakhradiyev Ildar Ravisovich
- Farahmand Fatemeh
- Faro Andre
- Farzadfar Farshad
- Fatehizadeh Ali
- Fauk Nelsensius Klau
- Feigin Valery L.
- Feldman Rachel
- Feng Xiaoqi
- Fentaw Zinabu
- Ferrero Simone
- Filip Irina
- Fischer Florian
- Francis Joel Msafiri
- Franklin Richard Charles
- Gaal Peter Andras
- Gad Mohamed M.
- Gakidou Emmanuela
- Gallus Silvano
- Galvano Fabio
- Ganesan Balasankar
- Garg Tushar
- Gebrehiwot Mesfin Gebrehiwot Damtew
- Gebremeskel Teferi Gebru
- Gebremichael Mathewos Alemu
- Gela Jiregna Darega
- Gemechu Tadele Regasa
- Getacher Lemma
- Getachew Motuma Erena
- Getie Asmare
- Ghaderi Amir
- Ghafourifard Mansour
- Ghajar Alireza
- Ghamari Seyyed Hadi
- Ghandour Lilian A.
- Ghashghaee Ahmad
- Ghozy Sherief
- Glozah Franklin N.
- Glushkova Ekaterina Vladimirovna
- Godos Justyna
- Goel Amit
- Goharinezhad Salime
- Golechha Mahaveer
- Goleij Pouya
- Golitaleb Mohamad
- Greaves Felix
- Griswold Max G.
- Grivna Michal
- Grosso Giuseppe
- Gudayu Temesgen Worku
- Gupta Bhawna
- Gupta Rajeev
- Gupta Sapna
- Gupta Veer Bala
- Gupta Vivek Kumar
- Guzman Nelson Alvis
- Hafshejani Abdollah Mohammadian
- Hall Brian J.
- Halwani Rabih
- Handiso Tiilahun Beyene
- Hankey Graeme J.
- Hariri Sanam
- Haro Josep Maria
- Hasaballah Ahmed
- Hay Simon
- Hayat Khezar
- Heidari Golnaz
- Heidari Mohammad
- Hendrie Delia
- Herteliu Claudiu
- Heyi Demisu Zenbaba
- Hezam Kamal
- Hlongwa Mbuzeleni Mbuzeleni
- Holla Ramesh
- Hossain Md Mahbub
- Hossain Sahadat
- Hosseini Seyed Kianoosh
- Hosseinzadeh Mehdi
- Hostiuc Mihaela
- Hostiuc Sorin
- Hu Guoqing
- Huang Junjie
- Hussain Salman
- Ibitoye Segun Emmanuel
- Ilic Irena M.
- Ilic Milena D.
- Immurana Mustapha
- Irham Lalu Muhammad
- Islam M. Mofizul
- Islam Rakibul M.
- Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
- Iso Hiroyasu
- Itumalla Ramaiah
- Iwagami Masao
- Jabbarinejad Roxana
- Jacob Louis
- Jafari Amirhossein Azari
- Jakovljevic Mihajlo
- Jamalpoor Zahra
- Jamshidi Elham
- Jayapal Sathish Kumar
- Jayarajah Umesh Umesh
- Jayawardena Ranil
- Jebai Rime
- Jeddi Seyed Ali
- Jema Alelign Tasew
- Jha Ravi Prakash
- Jindal Har Ashish
- Jonas Jost B.
- Jonas Songhomitra Panda
- Jonasson Junmei Miao
- Joo Tamas
- Joseph Nitin
- Joukar Farahnaz
- Jozwiak Jacek Jerzy
- Jurisson Mikk
- Kabir Ali
- Kabthymer Robel Hussen
- Kamble Bhushan Dattatray
- Kan Fatemeh Pashazadeh
- Kandel Himal
- Kandel Sandhya Neupane
- Kangevari Mohsen Abbasi
- Kangevari Zeinab Abbasi
- Kanno Girum Gebremeskel
- Kapoor Neeti
- Karaye Ibraheem M.
- Karimi Salah Eddin
- Kassa Bekalu Getnet
- Kaur Rimple Jeet
- Kayode Gbenga A.
- Keykhaei Mohammad
- Khajuria Himanshu
- Khalilov Rovshan
- Khan Imteyaz A.
- Khyavy Mohammadreza Azangou
- Kim Hanna
- Kim Jihee
- Kim Min Seo
- Kimokoti Ruth W.
- Kivimaki Mika
- Klymchuk Vitalii
- Knudsen Ann Kristin Skrindo
- Kolahi Ali Asghar
- Korshunov Vladimir Andreevich
- Koyanagi Ai
- Krishan Kewal
- Krishnamoorthy Yuvaraj
- Kumar G. Anil
- Kumar Nachimuthu Senthil
- Kumar Nithin
- Lacey Ben
- Lallukka Tea
- Lasrado Savita
- Lau Jerrald
- Lee Sang Woong
- Lee Wei Chen
- Lee Yo Han
- Lim Lee Ling
- Lim Stephen S.
- Llimos Sergi Trias
- Lobo Stany W.
- Lopukhov Platon D.
- Lorkowski Stefan
- Lozano Rafael
- Lucchetti Giancarlo
- Madadizadeh Farzan
- Madureira-Carvalho Aurea M.
- Mahesh P. A.
- Mahjoub Soleiman
- Mahmoodpoor Ata
- Mahumud Rashidul Alam
- Maia Joao Mauricio Castaldelli
- Makki Alaa
- Malekpour Mohammad Reza
- Manjunatha Narayana
- Mansouri Borhan
- Mansournia Mohammad Ali
- Martins Natalia Cruz
- Mateos Jose L. Ayuso
- Matzopoulos Richard
- Maulik Pallab K.
- Mayeli Mahsa
- McGrath John J.
- Meena Jitendra Kumar
- Menezes Ritesh G.
- Mensink Gert B. M.
- Mentis Alexios Fotios A.
- Meretoja Atte
- Merga Bedasa Taye
- Mestrovic Tomislav
- Miazgowski Bartosz
- Milicevic Milena M. Santric
- Miller Ted R.
- Mini Gk
- Mirica Andreea
- Mirijello Antonio
- Mirmoeeni Seyyedmohammadsadeq
- Mirrakhimov Erkin M.
- Mirzaian Arvin Haj
- Misra Sanjeev
- Moazen Babak
- Mobarakabadi Maryam
- Moccia Marcello
- Moghaddam Hossein Hassanian
- Mohammad Yousef
- Mohammadi Esmaeil
- Mohammed Teroj Abdulrahman
- Moka Nagabhishek
- Mokdad Ali H.
- Molla Meseret Derbew
- Momtazmanesh Sara
- Monedero Alicia Padron
- Moradi Yousef
- Mostafavi Ebrahim
- Movaghar Vafa Rahimi
- Mubarik Sumaira
- Mullany Erin C.
- Mulugeta Beemnet Tekabe
- Murray Christopher J. L.
- Mwita Julius C.
- Naghavi Mohsen
- Naimzada Mukhammad David
- Nangia Vinay
- Nasab Entezar Mehrabi
- Nayak Biswa Prakash
- Negoi Ionut
- Negoi Ruxandra Irina
- Nejad Nima Hafezi
- Nejadghaderi Seyed Aria
- Nepal Samata
- Neupane Sudan Prasad Prasad
- Nigatu Yeshambel T.
- Nour Mohammad Ghasemi
- Nowroozi Ali
- Null Tilxrnighausen
- Nuruzzaman Khan M.
- Nzoputam Chimezie Igwegbe
- Obamiro Kehinde O.
- Obsa Abera Getachew
- Ogbo Felix Akpojene
- Oguntade Ayodipupo Sikiru
- Olakunde Babayemi Oluwaseun
- Oliveira Glaucia Maria Moraes
- Omer Emad
- Otoiu Adrian
- Otstavnov Stanislav S.
- Oumer Bilcha
- Palladino Raffaele
- Palone Marcos Roberto Tovani
- Pana Adrian
- Pandey Ashok
- Pardhan Shahina
- Parekh Tarang
- Park Eun Kee
- Parry Charles D. H.
- Patel Jay
- Pati Siddhartha
- Patton George C.
- Paudel Uttam
- Pawar Shrikant
- Peden Amy E.
- Petcu Ionela Roxana
- Phillips Michael R.
- Pinheiro Marina
- Plotnikov Evgenii
- Pradhan Pranil Man Singh
- Prashant Akila
- Quan Jianchao
- Radfar Amir
- Rafiei Alireza
- Raga Jose Martinez
- Raghav Pankaja Raghav
- Rahman Azizur
- Rahman Km Saif Ur
- Rahman Md Mosfequr
- Rahman Mosiur
- Rahmani Amir Masoud
- Rahmani Shayan
- Ranabhat Chhabi Lal
- Ranasinghe Priyanga
- Rao Chythra R.
- Rasali Drona Prakash
- Rashid Tarik Ahmed
- Rashidi Mohammad Mahdi
- Ratan Zubair Ahmed
- Rawaf David Laith
- Rawaf Salman
- Rawal Lal
- Reitsma Marissa B.
- Renzaho Andre M. N.
- Rezaei Negar
- Rezaei Saeid
- Rezaeian Mohsen
- Riahi Seyed Mohammad
- Rodriguez Esperanza Romero
- Roth Gregory A.
- Rwegerera Godfrey M.
- Sa Farinha Carla Sofia E.
- Saddik Basema
- Sadeghi Erfan
- Sadeghian Reihaneh
- Saeed Umar
- Saeedi Farhad
- Sagar Rajesh
- Sahebkar Amirhossein
- Sahoo Harihar
- Sahraian Mohammad Ali
- Salahi Sarvenaz
- Salimzadeh Hamideh
- Samy Abdallah M.
- Sanavi Fariba Shahraki
- Sanmarchi Francesco
- Sarikhani Yaser
- Sathian Brijesh
- Saya Ganesh Kumar
- Sayyah Mehdi
- Schmidt Maria Ines
- Schutte Aletta Elisabeth
- Schwarzinger Michael
- Schwebel David C.
- Seidu Abdul Aziz
- Seisdedos Rafael Tabares
- SeyedAlinaghi SeyedAhmad
- Seylani Allen
- Sha Feng
- Shahin Sarvenaz
- Shahrokhi Shayan
- Shaikh Masood Ali
- Shaker Elaheh
- Shakhmardanov Murad Ziyaudinovich
- Sheikhbahaei Sara
- Sheikhi Rahim Ali
- Shetty Adithi
- Shetty Jeevan K.
- Shiferaw Damtew Solomon
- Shigematsu Mika
- Shiri Rahman
- Shirkoohi Reza
- Shivakumar K. M.
- Shivarov Velizar
- Shobeiri Parnian
- Shrestha Roman
- Sidemo Negussie Boti
- Sigfusdottir Inga Dora
- Silva Diego Augusto Santos
- Singh Jasvinder A.
- Singh Surjit
- Skryabin Valentin Yurievich
- Skryabina Anna Aleksandrovna
- Sleet David A.
- Solmi Marco
- Solomon Yonatan
- Song Suhang
- Song Yimeng
- Sorensen Reed J. D.
- Soshnikov Sergey
- Soyiri Ireneous N.
- Stein Dan J.
- Subba Sonu Hangma
- Szocska Miklos
- Tabuchi Takahiro
- Taheri Majid
- Tan Ker Kan
- Tareke Minale
- Tarkang Elvis Enowbeyang
- Temesgen Gebremaryam
- Temesgen Worku Animaw
- Temsah Mohamad Hani
- Thankappan Kavumpurathu Raman
- Thapar Rekha
- Thomas Nikhil Kenny
- Tiruneh Chalachew
- Todorovic Jovana
- Torrado Marco
- Touvier Mathilde
- Tran Mai Thi Ngoc
- Tripathy Jaya Prasad
- Vakilian Alireza
- Valizadeh Rohollah
- Varmaghani Mehdi
- Varthya Shoban Babu
- Vasankari Tommi Juhani
- Villa Francisco A. Martinez
- Vos Theo
- Wagaye Birhanu
- Waheed Yasir
- Walde Mandaras Tariku
- Wang Cong
- Wang Yanzhong
- Wang Yuan Pang
- Westerman Ronny
- Wickramasinghe Nuwan Darshana
- Wubetu Abate Dargie
- Xu Suowen
- Yamagishi Kazumasa
- Yang Lin
- Yesera Gesila Endashaw E.
- Yigit Arzu
- Yigit Vahit
- Yimaw Ayenew Engida
- Yon Dong Keon
- Yonemoto Naohiro
- Yu Chuanhua
- Zadey Siddhesh
- Zahir Mazyar
- Zamora Efren Murillo
- Zare Iman
- Zastrozhin Mikhail Sergeevich
- Zastrozhina Anasthasia
- Zhang Zhi Jiang
- Zhong Chenwen
- Zmaili Mohammad
- Zuniga Yves Miel H.
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/07/2022
- Field of study
Background The health risks associated with moderate alcohol consumption continue to be debated. Small amounts of alcohol might lower the risk of some health outcomes but increase the risk of others, suggesting that the overall risk depends, in part, on background disease rates, which vary by region, age, sex, and year.
Methods For this analysis, we constructed burden-weighted dose-response relative risk curves across 22 health outcomes to estimate the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL) and non-drinker equivalence (NDE), the consumption level at which the health risk is equivalent to that of a non-drinker, using disease rates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2020 for 21 regions, including 204 countries and territories, by 5-year age group, sex, and year for individuals aged 15-95 years and older from 1990 to 2020. Based on the NDE, we quantified the population consuming harmful amounts of alcohol.
Findings The burden-weighted relative risk curves for alcohol use varied by region and age. Among individuals aged 15-39 years in 2020, the TMREL varied between 0 (95% uncertainty interval 0-0) and 0.603 (0.400-1.00) standard drinks per day, and the NDE varied between 0.002 (0-0) and 1.75 (0.698-4.30) standard drinks per day. Among individuals aged 40 years and older, the burden-weighted relative risk curve was J-shaped for all regions, with a 2020 TMREL that ranged from 0.114 (0-0.403) to 1.87 (0.500-3.30) standard drinks per day and an NDE that ranged between 0.193 (0-0.900) and 6.94 (3.40-8.30) standard drinks per day. Among individuals consuming harmful amounts of alcohol in 2020, 59.1% (54.3-65.4) were aged 15-39 years and 76.9% (73.0-81.3) were male.
Interpretation There is strong evidence to support recommendations on alcohol consumption varying by age and location. Stronger interventions, particularly those tailored towards younger individuals, are needed to reduce the substantial global health loss attributable to alcohol
Five insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abbas Kaja M.
- Abbasi Mohammad
- Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen
- Abbasifard Mitra
- Abbastabar Hedayat
- Abd El Razek Hassan Magdy
- Abd El Razek Muhammed Magdy
- Abd-Allah Foad
- Abdelalim Ahmed
- Abdollahi Mohammad
- Abdollahpour Ibrahim
- Abdulkader Rizwan Suliankatchi
- Abdullah Kanaan Hamagharib
- Abedi Aidin
- Abedi Parisa
- Abegaz Kedir Hussein
- Abolhassani Hassan
- Abosetugn Akine Eshete
- Aboyans Victor
- Abrams Elissa M.
- Abreu Lucas Guimaraes
- Abrigo Michael R. M.
- Abu Haimed Abdulaziz Khalid
- Abu-Gharbieh Eman
- Abu-Raddad Laith Jamal
- Abualhasan Ahmed
- Abushouk Abdelrahman I.
- Acebedo Alyssa
- Ackerman Ilana N.
- Adabi Maryam
- Adair Tim
- Adamu Abdu A.
- Adebayo Oladimeji M.
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- Adeoye Abiodun Moshood
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- Leonardi Matilde
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- Lewington Sarah
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- Li Shanshan
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- Mohammad Yousef
- Mohammadbeigi Abolfazl
- Mohammadian-Hafshejani Abdollah
- Mohammadifard Noushin
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- Moradi Ghobad
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- Moradi-Lakeh Maziar
- Moradzadeh Rahmatollah
- Moraga Paula
- Morales Linda
- Morawska Lidia
- Morgado-da-Costa Joana
- Morrison Shane Douglas
- Mosapour Abbas
- Mosser Jonathan F.
- Motlagh Soraya Nouraei
- Mouodi Simin
- Mousavi Seyyed Meysam
- Mueller Ulrich Otto
- Mukhopadhyay Satinath
- Mullany Erin C.
- Mumford John Everett
- Munro Sandra B.
- Muriithi Moses K.
- Murray Christopher J. L.
- Musa Kamarul Imran
- Mustafa Ghulam
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- Nabavizadeh Behnam
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- Naderi Mehdi
- Nagaraja Sharath Burugina
- Nagarajan Ahamarshan Jayaraman
- Nagel Gabriele
- Naghavi Mohsen
- Naghshtabrizi Behshad
- Naik Gurudatta
- Naimzada Mukhammad David
- Nair Sanjeev
- Najafi Farid
- Naldi Luigi
- Nandakumar Vishnu
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- Nansseu Jobert Richie
- Nasab Entezar Mehrabi
- Naserbakht Morteza
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- Ndwandwe Duduzile Edith
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- Ngari Kiirithio N.
- Nguefack-Tsague Georges
- Ngunjiri Josephine W.
- Nguyen Cuong Tat
- Nguyen Diep Ngoc
- Nguyen Huong Lan Thi
- Nguyen Jason
- Nguyen Michele
- Nguyen Ming
- Nguyen Trang Huyen
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- Nigatu Dabere
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- Norrving Bo
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- Nowak Christoph
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- Nunez-Samudio Virginia
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- Ogbo Felix Akpojene
- Oghenetega Onome Bright
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- Okunga Emmanuel Wandera
- Oladnabi Morteza
- Olagunju Andrew T.
- Olusanya Bolajoko Olubukunola
- Olusanya Jacob Olusegun
- Oluwasanu Mojisola Morenike
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- Oren Eyal
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- Ostroff Samuel M.
- Otstavnov Nikita
- Otstavnov Stanislav S.
- Overland Simon
- Owolabi Mayowa O.
- Padubidri Jagadish Rao
- Pakhale Smita
- Pakhare Abhijit P.
- Pakshir Keyvan
- Palladino Raffaele
- Pana Adrian
- Panda-Jonas Songhomitra
- Pandey Anamika
- Pangaribuan Helena Ullyartha
- Park Eun-Kee
- Park James
- Parmar Priya G. Kumari
- Parry Charles D. H.
- Pasovic Maja
- Pasupula Deepak Kumar
- Patel Jenil R.
- Patel Sangram Kishor
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- Pathak Ashish
- Pathak Mona
- Patten Scott B.
- Patton George C.
- Paudel Deepak
- Paudel Sagun
- Paulson Katherine R.
- Pease Spencer A.
- Peden Amy E.
- Pennini Alyssa
- Pepito Veincent Christian Filipino
- Peprah Emmanuel K.
- Pereira Alexandre
- Pereira David M.
- Pereira Jeevan
- Perico Norberto
- Pescarini Julia Moreira
- Pesudovs Konrad
- Pham Hai Quang
- Phillips Michael R.
- Piccinelli Cristiano
- Pierce Maxwell
- Pigott David M.
- Pilgrim Thomas
- Pilz Tessa M.
- Pinheiro Marina
- Piradov Michael A.
- Pirsaheb Meghdad
- Pishgar Farhad
- Plana-Ripoll Oleguer
- Plass Dietrich
- Pletcher Martin
- Pokhrel Khem Narayan
- Polibin Roman V.
- Polinder Suzanne
- Polkinghorne Kevan R.
- Pond Constance Dimity
- Postma Maarten J.
- Pottoo Faheem Hyder
- Pourjafar Hadi
- Pourmalek Farshad
- Pourshams Akram
- Poznanska Anna
- Prada Sergio I.
- Prakash Sanjay
- Prakash V.
- Prasad Narayan
- Preotescu Liliana
- Pribadi Dimas Ria Angga
- Pupillo Elisabetta
- Quazi Syed Zahiruddin
- Quintanilla Beatriz Paulina Ayala
- Rabiee Mohammad
- Rabiee Navid
- Radfar Amir
- Rafiee Ata
- Rafiei Alireza
- Raggi Alberto
- Rahim Fakher
- Rahimi-Movaghar Afarin
- Rahman Mohammad Hifz Ur
- Rahman Muhammad Aziz
- Rajabpour-Sanati Ali
- Rajati Fatemeh
- Rakovac Ivo
- Ram Pradhum
- Ramezanzadeh Kiana
- Rana Saleem Muhammad
- Ranabhat Chhabi Lal
- Ranta Annemarei
- Rao Puja C.
- Rao Sowmya J.
- Rasella Davide
- Rashedi Vahid
- Rastogi Prateek
- Rath Goura Kishor
- Rathi Priya
- Rawaf David Laith
- Rawaf Salman
- Rawal Lal
- Rawassizadeh Reza
- Rawat Ramu
- Razo Christian
- Regassa Lemma Demissie
- Reiner Jr., Robert C.
- Reinig Nickolas
- Reitsma Marissa Bettay
- Remuzzi Giuseppe
- Renjith Vishnu
- Renzaho Andre M. N.
- Resnikoff Serge
- Rezaei Negar
- Rezaei Nima
- Rezai Mohammad Sadegh
- Rezapour Aziz
- Rhinehart Phoebe-Anne
- Riahi Seyed Mohammad
- Ribeiro Antonio Luiz P.
- Ribeiro Daniel Cury
- Ribeiro Daniela
- Rickard Jennifer
- Rincon Julio Cesar Campuzano
- Rivera Juan A.
- Robalik Toshana
- Roberts Nicholas L. S.
- Roberts Shaun
- Robinson Stephen R.
- Rodriguez-Ramirez Sonia
- Roever Leonardo
- Rolfe Sam
- Romoli Michele
- Ronfani Luca
- Room Robin
- Roshandel Gholamreza
- Rostamian Morteza
- Roth Gregory A.
- Rothenbacher Dietrich
- Rubagotti Enrico
- Rumisha Susan Fred
- Rwegerera Godfrey M.
- Saadatagah Seyedmohammad
- Sabour Siamak
- Sachdev Perminder S.
- Saddik Basema
- Sadeghi Ehsan
- Sadeghi Masoumeh
- Saeedi Reza
- Saeidi Shahram
- Safari Yahya
- Safi Sare
- Safiri Saeid
- Sagar Rajesh
- Sahebkar Amirhossein
- Sahraian Mohammad Ali
- Sajadi S. Mohammad
- Salahshoor Mohammad Reza
- Salam Nasir
- Salama Joseph S.
- Salamati Payman
- Salem Hosni
- Salem Marwa R.
- Salimi Yahya
- Salimzadeh Hamideh
- Salman Omar Mukhtar
- Salomon Joshua A.
- Salz Inbal
- Samad Zainab
- Sambala Evanson Zondani
- Samy Abdallah M.
- Sanabria Juan
- Sanchez-Pimienta Tania G.
- Santomauro Damian Francesco
- Santos Itamar S.
- Santos Joao Vasco
- Santric-Milicevic Milena M.
- Saraswathy Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer
- Sarmiento-Suarez Rodrigo
- Sarrafzadegan Nizal
- Sartorius Benn
- Sarveazad Arash
- Sathian Brijesh
- Sathish Thirunavukkarasu
- Sattin Davide
- Savic Miloje
- Sawyer Susan M.
- Saxena Deepak
- Saxena Sonia
- Saylan Mete
- Sbarra Alyssa N.
- Schaeffer Lauren E.
- Schiavolin Silvia
- Schlaich Markus P.
- Schmidt Maria Ines
- Schutte Aletta Elisabeth
- Schwebel David C.
- Schwendicke Falk
- Section Mahesh P. A.
- Seedat Soraya
- Sekerija Mario
- Senbeta Anbissa Muleta
- Senthilkumaran Subramanian
- Sepanlou Sadaf G.
- Serdar Berrin
- Serre Marc L.
- Servan-Mori Edson
- Sha Feng
- Shabani Mahsima
- Shackelford Katya Anne
- Shadid Jamileh
- Shafaat Omid
- Shahabi Saeed
- Shahbaz Mohammad
- Shaheen Amira A.
- Shaikh Masood Ali
- Shaji K. S.
- Shalash Ali S.
- Shams-Beyranvand Mehran
- Shamsi MohammadBagher
- Shamsizadeh Morteza
- Shannawaz Mohammed
- Sharafi Kiomars
- Sharafi Zeinab
- Sharan Subodh
- Sharara Fablina
- Sharifi Hamid
- Sharma Rajesh
- Shaw David H.
- Sheena Brittney S.
- Sheikh Aziz
- Sheikhtaheri Abbas
- Shetty B. Suresh Kumar
- Shetty Ranjitha S.
- Shibuya Kenji
- Shield Kevin David
- Shiferaw Wondimeneh Shibabaw
- Shigematsu Mika
- Shin Jae Il
- Shin Min-Jeong
- Shiri Rahman
- Shirkoohi Reza
- Shivakumar K. M.
- Shrime Mark G.
- Shuval Kerem
- Siabani Soraya
- Sierpinski Radoslaw
- Sigfusdottir Inga Dora
- Sigurvinsdottir Rannveig
- Silva Diego Augusto Santos
- Silva Joao Pedro
- Simonetti Biagio
- Simpson Kyle E.
- Singh Ambrish
- Singh Jasvinder A.
- Singh Pushpendra
- Sinha Dhirendra Narain
- Skiadaresi Eirini
- Skou Soren T.
- Skryabin Valentin Yurievich
- Sliwa Karen
- Smith Amanda
- Smith Emma U. R.
- Sobngwi Eugene
- Soheili Amin
- Sokhan Anton
- Soltani Shahin
- Somefun Oluwaseyi Dolapo
- Soofi Moslem
- Sorensen Reed J. D.
- Soriano Joan B.
- Sorrie Muluken Bekele
- Soshnikov Sergey
- Soyiri Ireneous N.
- Spencer Cory N.
- Spotin Adel
- Spurlock Emma Elizabeth
- Sreeramareddy Chandrashekhar T.
- Srinivasan Vinay
- Sripada Kam
- Stanaway Jeffrey D.
- Stark Benjamin A.
- Steel Nicholas
- Stefan Simona Catalina
- Stein Caroline
- Stein Dan J.
- Steiner Caitlyn
- Steiner Timothy J.
- Steuben Krista M.
- Stockfelt Leo
- Stokes Mark A.
- Stovner Lars Jacob
- Straif Kurt
- Stranges Saverio
- Stubbs Jacob L.
- Suchdev Parminder S.
- Sudaryanto Agus
- Sufiyan Mu'awiyyah Babale
- Suleria Hafiz Ansar Rasul
- Sulo Gerhard
- Sultan Iyad
- Swope Carolyn B.
- Sykes Bryan L.
- Sylte Dillon O.
- Szocska Miklos
- Szumowski Lukasz
- Tabares-Seisdedos Rafael
- Tabb Karen M.
- Tabuchi Takahiro
- Tadakamadla Santosh Kumar
- Taddele Biruk Wogayehu
- Tadesse Degena Bahrey
- Taherkhani Amir
- Tahir Zarfishan
- Tajdini Masih
- Takahashi Ken
- Takala Jukka S.
- Tamiru Animut Tagele
- Tang Muming
- Tanser Frank C.
- Tareque Md Ismail
- Tarigan Ingan Ukur
- Taveira Nuno
- Taylor Heather Jean
- Teagle Whitney L.
- Teame Hirut
- Tediosi Fabrizio
- Tefera Yonas Getaye
- Tehrani-Banihashemi Arash
- Teklehaimanot Berhane Fseha
- Tela Freweini Gebrearegay
- Temsah Mohamad-Hani
- Terrason Sonyah
- Tesema Getayeneh Antehunegn
- Tessema Zemenu Tadesse
- Thakur Bhaskar
- Thankappan Kavumpurathu Raman
- Thapar Rekha
- Thomas Nihal
- Thomson Azalea M.
- Thrift Amanda G.
- Thurston George D.
- Titova Mariya Vladimirovna
- Tlou Boikhutso
- Tohidinik Hamid Reza
- Tonelli Marcello
- Topor-Madry Roman
- Topouzis Fotis
- Toroudi Hamidreza Pazoki
- Torre Anna E.
- Touvier Mathilde
- Tovani-Palone Marcos Roberto
- Traini Eugenio
- Tran Bach Xuan
- Travillian Ravensara
- Trias-Llimos Sergi
- Troeger Christopher E.
- Truelsen Thomas Clement
- Tsai Alexander C.
- Tsatsakis Aristidis
- Tyrovolas Stefanos
- Uddin Riaz
- Ullah Irfan
- Ullah Saif
- Umeokonkwo Chukwuma David
- Undurraga Eduardo A.
- Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran
- Upadhyay Era
- Uthman Olalekan A.
- Vacante Marco
- Vaicekonyte Regina
- Vakilian Alireza
- Valdez Pascual R.
- Valli Alessandro
- Van Donkelaar Aaron
- Vardavas Constantine
- Varughese Santosh
- Vasankari Tommi Juhani
- Vasconcelos Ana Maria Nogales
- Vasseghian Yasser
- Veisani Yousef
- Velasquez Ilais Moreno
- Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy
- Vidale Simone
- Violante Francesco S.
- Vlassov Vasily
- Vollset Stein Emil
- Vongpradith Avina
- Vos Theo
- Vu Giang Thu
- Vujcic Isidora S.
- Vukovic Ana
- Vukovic Rade
- Waheed Yasir
- Wallin Mitchell Taylor
- Walters Magdalene K.
- Wamai Richard G.
- Wang Fang
- Wang Haidong
- Wang Hongbo
- Wang Jiayu
- Wang Yafeng
- Wang Yanzhong
- Wang Yuan-Pang
- Ward Joseph L.
- Watson Alexandrea
- Watson Stefanie
- Wei Jingkai
- Wei Melissa Y. Wei
- Weintraub Robert G.
- Weiss Daniel J.
- Weiss Jordan
- Welay Fissaha Tekulu
- Weldesamuel Girmay Teklay
- Werdecker Andrea
- West J. Jason
- Westerman Ronny
- Whisnant Joanna L.
- Whiteford Harvey A.
- Wiangkham Taweewat
- Wickramasinghe Nuwan Darshana
- Wiens Kirsten E.
- Wijeratne Tissa
- Wilner Lauren B.
- Wilson Shadrach
- Wiysonge Charles Shey
- Wojtyniak Bogdan
- Woldu Gebremariam
- Wolfe Charles D. A.
- Wondmeneh Temesgen Gebeyehu
- Wondmieneh Adam Belay
- Wool Eve E.
- Wozniak Sarah S.
- Wu Ai-Min
- Wu Chenkai
- Wu Junjie
- Wunrow Han Yong
- Xie Yang
- Xu Gelin
- Xu Rixing
- Yadgir Simon
- Yamada Tomohide
- Yamagishi Kazumasa
- Yaminfirooz Mousa
- Yano Yuichiro
- Yaya Sanni
- Yazdi-Feyzabadi Vahid
- Yearwood Jamal A.
- Yeheyis Tomas Y.
- Yeshitila Yordanos Gizachew
- Yilgwan Christopher Sabo
- Yilma Mekdes Tigistu
- Yip Paul
- Yonemoto Naohiro
- Yoon Seok-Jun
- York Hunter W.
- Younis Mustafa Z.
- Younker Theodore Patrick
- Yousefi Bahman
- Yousefi Zabihollah
- Yousefifard Mahmoud
- Yousefinezhadi Taraneh
- Yousuf Abdilahi Yousuf
- Yu Chuanhua
- Yu Yong
- Yuan Chun-Wei
- Yuce Deniz
- Yusefzadeh Hasan
- Zadey Siddhesh
- Zahabi Saleh Salehi
- Zaidi Syed Saoud
- Zaki Leila
- Zaki Maysaa El Sayed
- Zakzuk Josefina
- Zamani Mohammad
- Zamanian Maryam
- Zandian Hamed
- Zangeneh Alireza
- Zarafshan Hadi
- Zastrozhin Mikhail Sergeevich
- Zewdie Kaleab Alemayehu
- Zhang Jianrong
- Zhang Yunquan
- Zhang Zhi-Jiang
- Zhao Jeff T.
- Zhao Xiu-Ju George
- Zhao Yingxi
- Zheleva Bistra
- Zheng Peng
- Zhou Maigeng
- Zhu Cong
- Ziapour Arash
- Zimsen Stephanie R. M.
- Zlavog Bianca S.
- Zodpey Sanjay
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study