Obtención y purificación de extractos de la enzima monóxido de carbono deshidrogenasa de Oligotropha carboxidovorans (cepa OM 5) con actividad de oxidación de monóxido de carbono detectable electroquímicamente por medio de un microelectrodo de platin

Extracts of the enzyme carbon monoxide dehydrogenase capable to oxidize carbon monoxide to CO2 were obtained from the carboxidotrophic bacteria Oligotropha carboxidovorans OM5 cultivated under aerobic conditions in a mineral medium saturated with CO. The extracts were obtained disrupting cells by sonication and purification by molecular size-exclusion chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography. The enzymatic activity of the extracts was measured using methylene blue as an artificial electronic acceptor in the oxidation of the CO to CO2. Crude and purified extracts showed enzymatic activity detectable by spectrophotometry. The maximum grade of purification obtained was 200 times and specific enzymatic activities were achieved in the range from 0.01 to 2.0 mU/mg of protein. Electrochemical assays using a platinum microelectrode and methylene blue as an electronic mediator showed an increase of the anodic current when the substrate carbon monoxide was added to the cell that contained the enzymatic extract. These results encourage the construction of an electrochemical biosensor for the detection of carbon monoxide using enzymatic extracts obtained from carboxidotrophic bacteria.Se obtuvieron extractos crudos y purificados de la enzima monóxido de carbono deshidrogenasa capaces de oxidar monóxido de carbono a CO2, a partir de cultivos de la bacteria carboxidotrofa Oligotropha carboxidovorans (cepa OM5) cultivadas aeróbicamente em un medio mineral saturado con CO. Los extractos crudos se obtuvieron mediante la ruptura de las células por sonicación y se purificaron por cromatografía de exclusión molecular y cromatografía de intercambio iónico. La actividad enzimática de los extractos se midió utilizando azul de metileno como aceptor electrónico artificial en la oxidación del CO a CO2. Se obtuvieron extractos crudos y purificados con actividad enzimática detectable por medio de espectrofotometría. El grado máximo de purificación obtenido fue de 200 veces y se lograron actividades enzimáticas específicas en el rango de 0.01 a 2.0 mU/mg de proteína. Ensayos electroquímicos usando un microelectrodo deplatino y azul de metileno como mediador electrónico, mostraron un aumento de la corriente anódica cuando se adicionó el sustrato monóxido de carbono a la celda que contenía el extracto enzimático. Estos resultados permiten alentar la construcción de un biosensor electroquímico para la detección de monóxido de carbono, utilizando extractos enzimáticos obtenidos a partir de bacterias carboxidotrofas

Rehabilitación del espacio público

En el proyecto de aplicación profesional de San Pedro de Valencia, otoño 2018 se propuso darle continuidad al proyecto de identidad del Valle de Mazatepec, complementando la información obtenida en el verano 2018 con el proyecto de colorimetría que se generó en la zona. Dicha información se integró al manual de autoconstrucción donde será un método de investigación, al igual que, se implementó la enseñanza del oficio de la construcción, gestionando personas con sentido de propiedad, preocupación por su contexto inmediato y la homogeneización de la zona. Al igual se llevó a cabo la señalética del sendero interpretativo con el colectivo de Selva Negra. El objetivo principal fue implementar un recorrido secuencial informativo, duradero y didáctico. En el cual hubo visitas de campo, levantamiento, fotográfico, conceptualización, presupuestos de obra. Generando el trabajo en equipo, cohesión social, conciencia sobre el medio ambiente y la fomentación del turismo en la zona.ITESO, A.C

Rehabilitación del espacio público

En el proyecto de aplicación profesional de San Pedro de Valencia, otoño 2018 se propuso darle continuidad al proyecto de identidad del Valle de Mazatepec, complementando la información obtenida en el verano 2018 con el proyecto de colorimetría que se generó en la zona. Dicha información se integró al manual de autoconstrucción donde será un método de investigación, al igual que, se implementó la enseñanza del oficio de la construcción, gestionando personas con sentido de propiedad, preocupación por su contexto inmediato y la homogeneización de la zona. Se llevó a cabo la señalética del sendero interpretativo con el colectivo de Selva Negra. El objetivo principal fue implementar un recorrido secuencial informativo, duradero y didáctico, en el cual hubo visitas de campo, levantamiento fotográfico, conceptualización, presupuestos de obra. El trabajo se llevó a cabo mediante 3 equipos: cohesión social, conciencia sobre el medio ambiente y la fomentación del turismo en la zona.ITESO, A.C

Novel genes and sex differences in COVID-19 severity

[EN] Here, we describe the results of a genome-wide study conducted in 11 939 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positive cases with an extensive clinical information that were recruited from 34 hospitals across Spain (SCOURGE consortium). In sex-disaggregated genome-wide association studies for COVID-19 hospitalization, genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10−8) was crossed for variants in 3p21.31 and 21q22.11 loci only among males (P = 1.3 × 10−22 and P = 8.1 × 10−12, respectively), and for variants in 9q21.32 near TLE1 only among females (P = 4.4 × 10−8). In a second phase, results were combined with an independent Spanish cohort (1598 COVID-19 cases and 1068 population controls), revealing in the overall analysis two novel risk loci in 9p13.3 and 19q13.12, with fine-mapping prioritized variants functionally associated with AQP3 (P = 2.7 × 10−8) and ARHGAP33 (P = 1.3 × 10−8), respectively. The meta-analysis of both phases with four European studies stratified by sex from the Host Genetics Initiative (HGI) confirmed the association of the 3p21.31 and 21q22.11 loci predominantly in males and replicated a recently reported variant in 11p13 (ELF5, P = 4.1 × 10−8). Six of the COVID-19 HGI discovered loci were replicated and an HGI-based genetic risk score predicted the severity strata in SCOURGE. We also found more SNP-heritability and larger heritability differences by age (<60 or ≥60 years) among males than among females. Parallel genome-wide screening of inbreeding depression in SCOURGE also showed an effect of homozygosity in COVID-19 hospitalization and severity and this effect was stronger among older males. In summary, new candidate genes for COVID-19 severity and evidence supporting genetic disparities among sexes are provided.S

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Search for new particles in events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search is presented for new particles produced at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV, using events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb(-1), collected in 2017-2018 with the CMS detector. Machine learning techniques are used to define separate categories for events with narrow jets from initial-state radiation and events with large-radius jets consistent with a hadronic decay of a W or Z boson. A statistical combination is made with an earlier search based on a data sample of 36 fb(-1), collected in 2016. No significant excess of events is observed with respect to the standard model background expectation determined from control samples in data. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on the branching fraction of an invisible decay of the Higgs boson, as well as constraints on simplified models of dark matter, on first-generation scalar leptoquarks decaying to quarks and neutrinos, and on models with large extra dimensions. Several of the new limits, specifically for spin-1 dark matter mediators, pseudoscalar mediators, colored mediators, and leptoquarks, are the most restrictive to date.Peer reviewe

Development and validation of HERWIG 7 tunes from CMS underlying-event measurements

This paper presents new sets of parameters (“tunes”) for the underlying-event model of the HERWIG7 event generator. These parameters control the description of multiple-parton interactions (MPI) and colour reconnection in HERWIG7, and are obtained from a fit to minimum-bias data collected by the CMS experiment at s=0.9, 7, and 13Te. The tunes are based on the NNPDF 3.1 next-to-next-to-leading-order parton distribution function (PDF) set for the parton shower, and either a leading-order or next-to-next-to-leading-order PDF set for the simulation of MPI and the beam remnants. Predictions utilizing the tunes are produced for event shape observables in electron-positron collisions, and for minimum-bias, inclusive jet, top quark pair, and Z and W boson events in proton-proton collisions, and are compared with data. Each of the new tunes describes the data at a reasonable level, and the tunes using a leading-order PDF for the simulation of MPI provide the best description of the dat

Measurement of t(t)over-bar normalised multi-differential cross sections in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV, and simultaneous determination of the strong coupling strength, top quark pole mass, and parton distribution functions

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Combined searches for the production of supersymmetric top quark partners in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A combination of searches for top squark pair production using proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1) collected by the CMS experiment, is presented. Signatures with at least 2 jets and large missing transverse momentum are categorized into events with 0, 1, or 2 leptons. New results for regions of parameter space where the kinematical properties of top squark pair production and top quark pair production are very similar are presented. Depending on themodel, the combined result excludes a top squarkmass up to 1325 GeV for amassless neutralino, and a neutralinomass up to 700 GeV for a top squarkmass of 1150 GeV. Top squarks with masses from 145 to 295 GeV, for neutralino masses from 0 to 100 GeV, with a mass difference between the top squark and the neutralino in a window of 30 GeV around the mass of the top quark, are excluded for the first time with CMS data. The results of theses searches are also interpreted in an alternative signal model of dark matter production via a spin-0 mediator in association with a top quark pair. Upper limits are set on the cross section for mediator particle masses of up to 420 GeV

Probing effective field theory operators in the associated production of top quarks with a Z boson in multilepton final states at root s=13 TeV

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