A educação infantil em tempos de crise humanitária: reinvenção da docência e o pós-isolamento social

The educational system has suffered severe consequences as a result of the covid-19 pandemic. The education of children from zero to seven years old, to a greater extent, since this is the first stage of Basic Education. Our general objective is to discuss the challenges that crossed teaching in times of humanitarian crisis and the reinventions of educational practices in early childhood education. Methodologically, the study is qualitative, descriptive-analytical, structured from a documental analysis of the laws that regulate early childhood education and bibliographic review. To do so, we present early childhood education as a right, the conditions of this stage in times of crisis, and finally, the ability of teachers to reinvent their educational practices in this context. We conclude by mentioning that the consequences of the pandemic are still far from being overcome and it is the task of the educational policy to repair these effects.O sistema educacional sofreu graves consequências em decorrência da pandemia da covid-19. A educação de crianças de zero a seis anos, em maior grau, visto que essa é a primeira etapa da Educação Básica. Temos como objetivo geral discutir os desafios que atravessaram a docência em tempos de crise humanitária e as reinvenções das práticas educativas na educação infantil. Metodologicamente, o estudo é de natureza qualitativa, do tipo descritivo-analítico, estruturado a partir de análise documental das leis que normatizam a educação infantil e de revisão bibliográfica. Para tanto, apresentamos a educação infantil como direito, às condições dessa etapa em tempos de crise, e por fim, a capacidade das (os) professoras (es) reinventarem suas práticas educativas nesse contexto. Concluímos mencionando que as consequências da pandemia ainda estão longe de serem superadas e é tarefa da política educacional reparar esses efeitos

Leukocytes and Albumin in Canine Leishmaniasis

Background: Canine Leishmaniasis (CanL) is a multisystemic and chronic inflammatory disease characterized by nonspecific clinical manifestations. In CanL, inflammatory cells and chemical mediators released in response to the parasite play a role in disease development and progression. Alterations on hematological parameters have been documented in CanL. These changes can also be assessed in relation to systemic inflammation caused by this disease. The circulating leukocyte counting, such as neutrophils, as well as the albumin level, are considered direct indicators of an inflammatory host environment. Several studies point to the use of biomarkers on the assistance in diagnosis and prognosis of several canine pathologies. The present study investigated the Neutrophils to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Albumin to Globulin Ratio (AGR), and Neutrophils to Albumin Ratio (NAR) on systemic inflammatory response induced by Canine Leishmaniasis (CanL).Materials, Methods & Results: For this purpose, adult dogs with confirmed diagnosis to CanL were divided into symptomatic (SD, n = 33) and asymptomatic (AD, n = 20) dogs for L. infantum and control dogs (CD, n = 20). Routine hematological and biochemical parameters were determined in blood samples using a veterinary automatic hematology and biochemical analyzers. Asymptomatic dogs (AD) had a higher number of white blood cells and neutrophils (16.48 ± 4.93; 13.41 ± 3.60, respectively) in relation to symptomatic dogs (SD) (13.54 ± 5.13; 10.42± 3.69, respectively) (P = 0.015 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Neutrophils to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) was higher in dogs with leishmaniasis (9.45 ± 3.76) than in healthy dogs (3.39 ± 1.19) (P < 0.0001). Serum total proteins (STP) and globulins increased in CanL, while albumin and AGR decreased in CanL, when compared to CD and references values to canine species. Neutrophils to Albumin Ratio (NAR) was higher in AD and SD (5.02 ± 1.14; 4.79 ± 1.07, respectively) when compared to CD (2.36 ± 0.55) (P < 0.0001). Discussion: As reported in scientific researches, dogs with Leishmaniasis present alterations in circulating cell counts. Based on these data, we decided to expand this information using the NLR as a parameter in an attempt to better clarify the changes in these cells in CanL. We observed that NLR was increased on CanL in relation to healthy dogs, which could be a consequence of relative neutrophilia rather than lymphopenia. Neutrophils to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) is a biomarker that conveys information about inflammatory conditions. An elevated NLR can reflect an upregulated innate immune response, since neutrophils are effector cells of innate immunity and are involved in several acute and chronic inflammatory processes. Albumin is an acute phase protein that is considered an immune-inflammatory biomarker, which can be found reduced systemically in progressive inflammatory response. Serum total proteins (STP) and globulins were increased in CanL. These data are already well documented in CanL, which serum globulins are mainly associated with the increase of acute phase proteins, cytokines, and increase of specific antibodies to Leishmaniainfantum. Our results showed neutrophilia with hypoalbuminemia in CanL. So, in an attempt to assess the relationship of these two available markers, we used NAR calculation in order to evaluate the changes induced by CanL. In this study NAR was higher in CanL when compared to control dogs. Thus, our data indicate that NLR and NAR could be used as biomarkers in veterinary medical clinics in order to assess inflammatory profile in CanL, mainly in asymptomatic dogs. These parameters obtained from routine blood tests might be useful as cost-effective, easily accessible and helpful markers in order to distinguish the inflammatory response intensity in CanL

Kinetin and Nitrogen in Agronomic Characteristics of Soybean

The objective of this work was to evaluate the application of kinetin associated with nitrogen in coverage on the agronomic characteristics and soybean yield. In the 2016/2017 harvest, a 6x2 factorial scheme was used, six doses of kinetin (0; 0.30; 0.60; 0.90; 1.20; 1.50 g ha−1) and two doses of N (20 and 40 kg ha−1) and in the 2017/2018 harvest, factorial scheme 5x2 was used, five doses of kinetin   (0; 0.25; 0.75; 1.00; 1.25 g ha−1) and two doses of N (20 and 40 kg ha−1). Agronomic plant height characteristics, first pod insertion height, number of grains per plant, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, number of grains per pod, hundred-grain mass and grain yield were evaluated. The use of N alone and associated with kinetin increased the number of pods and grains in the 2016/2017 harvest. In the 2017/2018 crop, kinetin caused a reduction of 8.9% at plant height and N caused an increase in plant height and first pod insertion and reduced the number of pods and grains per plant, grains per pods and productivity

Morphological and molecular characterization of Cosmocercoides amapari n. sp. (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae), parasitic in hylid frogs from the Brazilian Amazon

Cosmocercoides Wilkie, 1930 are gastrointestinal parasites commonly found in amphibians and reptiles, with 4 species reported from the Neotropical region. In the present study, a new species of Cosmocercoides, namely Cosmocercoides amapari n. sp. is described using integrated approaches such as light and scanning microscopy, and DNA sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene. The specimens were collected from the large intestine of 3 species of hylid frogs in Amapá, Brazil. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by morphological traits, including the pattern of caudal papillae, absence of the gubernaculum, 2 poorly sclerotized spicules, presence of lateral alae and somatic papillae along the body. In addition, our molecular analyses and phylogenetic reconstructions strongly support the status of the new taxon, which clustered poorly with a large clade of Cosmocerca spp. Cosmocercoides amapari n. sp. is the 29th species of the genus, the 5th from the Neotropical region, the third reported in Brazil, the second described from the Amazon region and the first belonging to the Neotropical region with molecular data

TÉCNICAS DE REPRODUÇÃO ASSISTIDA APLICADAS A INDIVÍDUOS COM DIAGNÓSTICO DE ENDOMETRIOSE E INFERTILIDADE

Endometriosis is a condition characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, forming lesions in peritoneal, deep tissues, and ovarian cysts. These lesions induce a chronic inflammatory response that leads to pain and conception difficulties. The present study aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the literature on female infertility resulting from endometriosis, describing the epidemiological and clinical aspects of the disease, as well as its relationship and potential contributions to infertility in women affected by this condition. This focused study is an integrative literature review, with the central goal of employing methodological approaches to identify, select, and consolidate relevant outcomes in a specific area of knowledge. In the context of this work, we will adopt the PICo strategy (as illustrated in Table 1) to formulate the guiding question: "What are the main approaches of assisted reproductive techniques used in individuals diagnosed with endometriosis and infertility?". A broad range of innovations in assisted reproductive technologies has been examined, with emphasis on the impact of these innovations on addressing infertility. In conclusion, the integrative literature review on the topic of infertility and assisted reproductive techniques has revealed a diverse range of information spanning from scientific advancements to the emotional and ethical challenges faced by couples and individuals on this journey. The careful analysis of the selected articles has provided a deeper understanding of the clinical, psychosocial, and ethical implications associated with the use of these technologies.  A endometriose é uma condição caracterizada pela presença de tecido endometrial fora do útero, formando lesões nos tecidos peritoneais, profundos e cistos ovarianos. Essas lesões induzem uma resposta inflamatória crônica que resulta em dor e dificuldades de concepção. O presente estudo tem como objetivo conduzir uma análise abrangente da literatura sobre a infertilidade feminina decorrente da endometriose, além de descrever os aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos da doença, bem como sua relação e possíveis contribuições para a infertilidade nas mulheres afetadas por essa condição. Este estudo em foco é uma revisão integrativa da literatura, cujo objetivo central é empregar abordagens metodológicas que identifiquem, selecionem e consolidem resultados pertinentes a uma área específica de conhecimento. No contexto deste trabalho, optaremos pela estratégia PICo (conforme ilustrado no Quadro 1) para formular a pergunta direcionadora: "Quais são as principais abordagens das técnicas de reprodução assistida utilizadas em indivíduos diagnosticados com endometriose e infertilidade?". Há uma ampla gama de inovações em tecnologias de reprodução assistida foi examinada, com ênfase no impacto dessas inovações na abordagem da infertilidade. Em conclusão, a revisão integrativa da literatura sobre o tema da infertilidade e técnicas de reprodução assistida revelou uma gama diversificada de informações que abrangem desde os avanços científicos até os desafios emocionais e éticos enfrentados por casais e indivíduos nessa jornada. A análise cuidadosa dos artigos selecionados permitiu uma compreensão mais profunda das implicações clínicas, psicossociais e éticas associadas à utilização dessas tecnologias

Leucemia Linfoblástica Aguda (LLA) na população pediátrica: marcadores moleculares e implicações terapêuticas

A Leucemia Linfoblástica Aguda (LLA) é uma forma comum de câncer pediátrico, representando cerca de 80% dos casos de leucemia em crianças. A patologia é caracterizada pela proliferação descontrolada de células-tronco hematopoéticas na medula óssea, e avanços recentes na pesquisa genômica têm proporcionado uma compreensão mais profunda da complexidade molecular subjacente à doença. O presente estudo tem como objetivo oferecer uma visão abrangente dos principais marcadores moleculares e implicações terapêuticas associadas à LLA na população pediátrica. Este estudo, baseado em uma revisão sistemática da literatura científica, abrange o período de 2013 a 2023, utilizando as bases de dados PubMed (Medline), Cochrane Library e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Marcadores moleculares preponderantes, como rearranjos cromossômicos específicos (t(12;21), t(1;19), t(9;22)), mutações genéticas distintivas (ETV6-RUNX1, E2A-PBX1, TP53) e amplificação do gene BCR-ABL1, têm sido objeto de estudo aprofundado. Esses marcadores desempenham um papel crucial na estratificação de risco e prognóstico, permitindo uma abordagem mais personalizada no tratamento da LLA em crianças. As implicações terapêuticas derivadas desses marcadores são vastas, destacando a promissora era das terapias direcionadas. Terapias específicas para mutações, como aquelas direcionadas à mutação BCR-ABL1, e inovações em imunoterapia estão moldando o cenário do tratamento da LLA, proporcionando resultados mais eficazes e menos tóxicos. Os resultados destacam a eficácia das terapias direcionadas e a necessidade contínua de pesquisa para otimizar a intervenção terapêutica, melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes pediátricos afetados pela LLA e explorar novas facetas do tratamento. Em conclusão, este artigo fornece uma análise aprofundada dos marcadores moleculares e terapias associadas à LLA na população pediátrica, destacando avanços significativos e delineando áreas para investigação futura

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016