MỘT SỐ KẾT QUẢ TÍNH TOÁN BƯỚC ĐẦU KHẢ NĂNG LAN TRUYỀN NHIỆT TỪ NGUỒN NƯỚC LÀM MÁT CỦA CÁC NHÀ MÁY ĐIỆN HẠT NHÂN TẠI VÙNG BIỂN VEN BỜ NINH THUẬN

This paper presents the results of the initial calculation of ability to spread heat from the cooling water of nuclear power plants in Ninh Thuan coastal waters. Model MIKE 21 is used to calculate the thermal transmission with the assumed volume of cooling water for the units of 2 nuclear power plants I and II. Based on various data sources (domestic and foreign), historical data, local survey in 2014, the conditions for calculating and calibrating the model were made. The calculations were carried out for 2 seasons, the dry season and the rainy season, in the research area, the results show that: The cooling water discharge from the two nuclear power plants has ability to influence the sea temperature of surrounding areas; In dry season the temperature of waters around the two plants may increase from 0.5 to 2.50C compared to the surrounding waters; In the rainy season, the impact of temperature discharge from nuclear power plants on Phan Rang bay is not much due to by the strong outflow of rainwater discharge from the Cai river; Thermal propagation of seawater in both seasons follows a trend from north to south; The above results are initial calculated results from the projects of Institute of Oceanography during the years from 2013 to 2015; These results can be considered as a scientific basis for management and evaluation to conduct the further research on the impact of the Ninh Thuan nuclear power plants on the coastal ecosystems of the surrounding area in the further.Bài báo này trình bày các kết quả tính toán ban đầu khả năng lan truyền nhiệt từ nguồn nước làm mát nhà máy điện hạt nhân trên vùng biển ven bờ Ninh Thuận. Sử dụng mô hình MIKE 21 tính toán quá trình lan truyền nhiệt với việc giả định khối lượng nước làm mát cho các tổ máy của 2 nhà máy điện hạt nhân I, II. Trên cơ sở các nguồn số liệu khác nhau (trong nước và ngoài nước), số liệu lịch sử, khảo sát tại địa phương trong năm 2014 làm các điều kiện tính toán và hiệu chỉnh mô hình. Các tính toán đã được tiến hành cho 2 mùa chính mùa khô và mùa mưa tại khu vực nghiên cứu cho thấy rằng: Có khả năng ảnh hưởng nhiệt từ nguồn nước xả thải từ hai nhà máy đến các khu vực biển lân cận; Vào thời kỳ mùa khô nhiệt độ của vùng nước lân cận hai nhà máy  tăng cao so với các vùng nước xung quanh từ 0,5 đến 2,50C; Mùa mưa, ảnh hưởng của nhiệt độ xả thải từ nhà máy ít tác động tới vùng nước - vịnh Phan Rang do nguồn nước mưa từ sông Cái đổ ra với lưu lượng lớn; Khuyếch tán nhiệt trong mùa mưa, mùa khô đều có xu hướng chính là nhiệt lan truyền từ bắc xuống nam. Các kết quả tính toán trên đây là các kết quả tính toán bước đầu từ các đề tài của Viện Hải dương học trong các năm 2013 - 2015. Các kết quả này có thể coi là cơ sở khoa học cho việc quản lý, đánh giá để nghiên cứu đầy đủ và chi tiết hơn các tác động của các nhà máy điện hạt nhân tới các hệ sinh thái ven bờ của khu vực lân cận trong tương lai

Influence of foliar application with Moringa oleifera residue fertilizer on growth, and yield quality of leafy vegetables

Biofertilizers produced from organic materials help to promote the growth, and yield quality of crops and is more environmentally friendly than chemical fertilizers. Moringa oleifera is a leafy vegetable whose leaves are also used to make biofertilizers. The use of moringa non-edible parts in biofertilizer preparation remains under-explored. In this study, a procedure to produce moringa foliar biofertilizer (MFB) from non-edible parts was developed. The effect of composting time (3 to 4 months) on the quality of MFB was investigated, and four-month incubation was found suitable for biofertilizers yield with the highest nitrogen content and optimal pH. Furthermore, the influences of MFB doses (20 to 100 mL per Litre) on the growth of lettuce and mustard spinach were studied. The yield of these leafy vegetables was the highest at 100 mL per Litre of MFB spray. Finally, MFB was compared with other commercial foliar sprays, including chitosan fertilizer and seaweed fertilizer. Each foliar treatment was applied every five days until five days before harvest. Plant height, the number of leaves, canopy diameter, leaf area index, actual yield, ascorbic acid content, and Brix were found to be similar in lettuce sprayed with MFB, chitosan, and seaweed fertilizers. In conclusion, the application of MFB promoted the growth and yield of mustard spinach

Spatiotemporal evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Alpha and Delta variants during large nationwide outbreak of COVID-19, Vietnam, 2021

We analyzed 1,303 SARS-CoV-2 whole-genome sequences from Vietnam, and found the Alpha and Delta variants were responsible for a large nationwide outbreak of COVID-19 in 2021. The Delta variant was confined to the AY.57 lineage and caused >1.7 million infections and >32,000 deaths. Viral transmission was strongly affected by nonpharmaceutical interventions

Observation of associated near-side and away-side long-range correlations in √sNN=5.02 TeV proton-lead collisions with the ATLAS detector

Two-particle correlations in relative azimuthal angle (Δϕ) and pseudorapidity (Δη) are measured in √sNN=5.02  TeV p+Pb collisions using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The measurements are performed using approximately 1  μb-1 of data as a function of transverse momentum (pT) and the transverse energy (ΣETPb) summed over 3.1<η<4.9 in the direction of the Pb beam. The correlation function, constructed from charged particles, exhibits a long-range (2<|Δη|<5) “near-side” (Δϕ∼0) correlation that grows rapidly with increasing ΣETPb. A long-range “away-side” (Δϕ∼π) correlation, obtained by subtracting the expected contributions from recoiling dijets and other sources estimated using events with small ΣETPb, is found to match the near-side correlation in magnitude, shape (in Δη and Δϕ) and ΣETPb dependence. The resultant Δϕ correlation is approximately symmetric about π/2, and is consistent with a dominant cos⁡2Δϕ modulation for all ΣETPb ranges and particle pT

Awareness and preparedness of healthcare workers against the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey across 57 countries.

BACKGROUND: Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, there have been concerns related to the preparedness of healthcare workers (HCWs). This study aimed to describe the level of awareness and preparedness of hospital HCWs at the time of the first wave. METHODS: This multinational, multicenter, cross-sectional survey was conducted among hospital HCWs from February to May 2020. We used a hierarchical logistic regression multivariate analysis to adjust the influence of variables based on awareness and preparedness. We then used association rule mining to identify relationships between HCW confidence in handling suspected COVID-19 patients and prior COVID-19 case-management training. RESULTS: We surveyed 24,653 HCWs from 371 hospitals across 57 countries and received 17,302 responses from 70.2% HCWs overall. The median COVID-19 preparedness score was 11.0 (interquartile range [IQR] = 6.0-14.0) and the median awareness score was 29.6 (IQR = 26.6-32.6). HCWs at COVID-19 designated facilities with previous outbreak experience, or HCWs who were trained for dealing with the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, had significantly higher levels of preparedness and awareness (p<0.001). Association rule mining suggests that nurses and doctors who had a 'great-extent-of-confidence' in handling suspected COVID-19 patients had participated in COVID-19 training courses. Male participants (mean difference = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.22, 0.46; p<0.001) and nurses (mean difference = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.53, 0.81; p<0.001) had higher preparedness scores compared to women participants and doctors. INTERPRETATION: There was an unsurprising high level of awareness and preparedness among HCWs who participated in COVID-19 training courses. However, disparity existed along the lines of gender and type of HCW. It is unknown whether the difference in COVID-19 preparedness that we detected early in the pandemic may have translated into disproportionate SARS-CoV-2 burden of disease by gender or HCW type

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic