8 research outputs found

    Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

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    PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

    Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study.

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    PURPOSE: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19-free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19-free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS: Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19-free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19-free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score-matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19-free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

    Displasia neuronal intestinal: análise de critérios morfológicos e comparação de métodos diagnósticos

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    Introdução: A Displasia Neuronal Intestinal, tipo B (DNI-B) é uma doença neuromuscular gastrointestinal caracterizada por alterações complexas do sistema nervoso entérico. Seu diagnóstico depende da análise histopatológica de biópsias do reto, com mudanças dos critérios diagnósticos ao longo dos anos, o que dificulta a prática diagnóstica. O Consenso de Frankfurt, 1990, estabeleceu critérios histológicos qualitativos para diagnóstico de DNI-B, como hiperganglionose e hiperplasia do plexo nervoso submucoso. Meier-Ruge et al. 2004, 2006, definiu o diagnóstico de maneira quantitativa: mais de 20% de gânglios nervosos gigantes na submucosa, com mais de 8 neurônios cada, em 25 gânglios examinados, e em crianças maiores de 1 ano. Objetivos: Analisar as características morfológicas do sistema nervoso entérico em pacientes com DNI-B segundo os critérios do Consenso de Frankfurt de 1990, e testar a aplicabilidade dos critérios numéricos propostos por Meier-Ruge et al 2004. Pacientes e Métodos: Foram analisadas retrospectivamente peças cirúrgicas de cólon distal de 29 pacientes, com idade de 0 a 16 anos, com diagnóstico de DNI-B, em cortes histológicos processados para histologia convencional pela hematoxilina e eosina (H&E) e para imuno-histoquímica da calretinina. Resultados: Apenas 1 paciente contemplou estes critérios numéricos. Houve imunopositividade para calretinina nos neurônios, porém a contagem de neurônios foi menor em relação ao H&E (p=0,002). Não houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos etários de crianças menores e maiores de 1 ano em relação à hiperganglionose (p=0,789), número de neurônios (p=0,359), gânglios com sinais de imaturidade (p=0,664) e neurônios hipogênicos (p>0,999). Conclusões: Os critérios numéricos recomendados em cortes de 15µm, corados por painel histoquímico específico, apresentam aplicabilidade limitada quando transpostos à análise histopatológica convencional. Houve concordância pobre nos critérios analisados entre a H&E e a calretinina. Em relação à idade, nosso estudo mostrou que crianças maiores de 1 ano podem apresentar os mesmos aspectos histológicos de imaturidade neuronal que crianças menores de 1 ano, questionando a necessidade de um critério de idade para o diagnóstico da DNI-B.Introduction: Intestinal Neuronal Dysplasia type B (INDB) is a gastrointestinal neuromuscular disease characterized by complex changes in the enteric nervous system. The diagnosis depends on the histopathological analysis of rectal biopsies and the diagnostic criteria have changed over the years, making it difficult to diagnostic practice. The Frankfurt Consensus, 1990, established qualitative criteria for the histological diagnosis of INDB, such as gigant ganglia and hyperplasia of submucosal nerves. Meier-Ruge et al. 2004, 2006, defined quantitative criteria: over 20% of giant ganglia, with more than 8 nerve cells each, on 25 ganglia examined, and in children older than one year. Objectives: Analyze the morphological characteristics of the enteric nervous system in patients with INDB according to the Frankfurt Consensus Criteria 1990 and test the applicability of the numerical criteria proposed by Meier-Ruge et al. 2004. Patients and Methods: Surgical specimens of distal colon from 29 patients, aged 0-16 years old, diagnosed with INDB, in histological sections processed for conventional histology by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and for immunohistochemistry of calretinin, were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Only one patient met these numerical criteria. There was immunostaining for calretinin in neurons but the neurons count was lower in relation to H&E (p=0.002). There were no significant differences between the age groups of children younger and older than 1 year old in relation to hyperganglionosis (p=0.789), number of neurons (p=0.359), ganglion with immaturity (p=0.664) and hypogenic neurons (p>0.999). Conclusions: The numerical criteria recommended for 15μm cut, stained with specific histochemical panel, have limited applicability when transferred to conventional histopathology. There was poor agreement on the criteria analyzed between H&E and calretinin. Regarding the age, our study showed that children older one year old may present the same histological features of neuronal immaturity as children younger one year old, challenging the need for an age criterion for the diagnosis of INDB

    A useful panel for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease in rectal biopsies: calretinin immunostaining and acetylcholinesterase histochesmistry

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    The pathological evaluation of rectal biopsies for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease has been a challenging issue. We analyzed prospectively the usefulness of calretinin immunostaining and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochesmistry in rectal biopsies for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease. Frozen tissue samples from 43 patients were used for AChE histochemistry and paraffin-embedded sections for calretinin immunohistochemistry and conventional histology (hematoxylin and eosin [H&E]). Activity for AChE, was demonstrated in 13 of 43 cases, and the absence of immunoreactivity for calretinin was observed in 14 of 43 cases. Conventional histology (H&E) did not reveal ganglion cells in 24 of 43 cases. The results on calretinin were in good agreement with AChE according to the κ index (0.946; P < .001) and presented significantly higher specificity (96.7 × 63.3; P < .002) and accuracy (97.6 × 74.4; P < .003) when compared with conventional histology (H&E). The final diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease was confirmed in 13 of 43 patients who were submitted to surgical treatment. The results of the present study indicate that calretinin can be a good tool in ruling out the diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease, by showing positive staining in ganglion cells and intrinsic nerve fibers, whereas AChE is useful in confirming the diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease, by revealing activity of this enzyme in hypertrophied nerve fibers. The association between calretinin and AChE can be a useful panel for the histopathologic evaluation of rectal biopsies for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease. © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

    Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19–Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study

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    Preoperative nasopharyngeal swab testing and postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing elective surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

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    BACKGROUND: Surgical services are preparing to scale up in areas affected by COVID-19. This study aimed to evaluate the association between preoperative SARS-CoV-2 testing and postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing elective cancer surgery. METHODS: This international cohort study included adult patients undergoing elective surgery for cancer in areas affected by SARS-CoV-2 up to 19 April 2020. Patients suspected of SARS-CoV-2 infection before operation were excluded. The primary outcome measure was postoperative pulmonary complications at 30 days after surgery. Preoperative testing strategies were adjusted for confounding using mixed-effects models. RESULTS: Of 8784 patients (432 hospitals, 53 countries), 2303 patients (26.2 per cent) underwent preoperative testing: 1458 (16.6 per cent) had a swab test, 521 (5.9 per cent) CT only, and 324 (3.7 per cent) swab and CT. Pulmonary complications occurred in 3.9 per cent, whereas SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed in 2.6 per cent. After risk adjustment, having at least one negative preoperative nasopharyngeal swab test (adjusted odds ratio 0.68, 95 per cent confidence interval 0.68 to 0.98; P = 0.040) was associated with a lower rate of pulmonary complications. Swab testing was beneficial before major surgery and in areas with a high 14-day SARS-CoV-2 case notification rate, but not before minor surgery or in low-risk areas. To prevent one pulmonary complication, the number needed to swab test before major or minor surgery was 18 and 48 respectively in high-risk areas, and 73 and 387 in low-risk areas. CONCLUSION: Preoperative nasopharyngeal swab testing was beneficial before major surgery and in high SARS-CoV-2 risk areas. There was no proven benefit of swab testing before minor surgery in low-risk areas

    Delaying surgery for patients with a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection

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