Impacts of Vegetation Density and Distance from the High Tide Line on Raccoon Predation of Diamondback Terrapin Nests in Jamaica Bay, NY – A preliminary study

Diamondback terrapin turtles (Malaclemys terrapin) have been culturally and economically important since at least the nineteenth century. However, due to overharvesting, this became a species of conservation concern. While extensive data are available to describe its natural history, some conditions that impact nest predation are poorly understood. In this exploratory study, vegetation type and distance to the high tide line were examined to determine their potential impact on predation of diamondback terrapin nests by raccoons. For that, terrapin scented water was used to construct 50 artificial nests at Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge. These artificial nests were placed in areas differing in vegetation coverage and distance from the high tide line, and monitored for raccoon predation. While the results were not statistically significant, they do suggest that vegetation density surrounding the nest may be a factor in raccoon predation. This study failed to identify a relationship between nest distance from the high tide line and raccoon predation. This may be worth exploring further given the limitations imposed by the configuration of the landscape at the study site. Future investigations of the relationship between vegetation density and predation should consider possible protective effects of high density vegetation, especially plants like the non-native, thorny beach rose (Rosa rugosa). This preliminary study was intended to span two seasons. The second season of data collection was not conducted because no research permits were issued during the global COVID- 19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2

Characterization of Early Plasma Concentrations of Midazolam in Pigs after Administration by an Autoinjector

ABSTRACT: The treatment of organophosphate-induced poisoning is based mainly on atropine and an oxime. Prompt anticonvulsive intervention is usually also required to terminate the ensuing seizure activity and to prevent delayed permanent brain damage. Midazolam, a water-soluble benzodiazepine agonist, has the advantage of rapid absorption following intramuscular administration. In mass casualty situations, the availability of an autoinjector, filled with midazolam, might be a further advantage. In the present study, the plasma pharmacokinetics of midazolam after administration by an autoinjector was compared with conventional intramuscular (i.m.) administration in two groups of four pigs each. During the first 15 min after injection, significantly higher plasma concentrations of midazolam were detected following autoinjector administration, compared with the i.m. injection. The physiological reflection of the accelerated midazolam absorption was a marked reduction in the time interval required for muscle relaxation, induced by midazolam. It is concluded that a midazolam autoinjector might be helpful in the mass casualty scenario following organophosphate poisoning

COVID-19 vaccines:the importance of transparency and fact-based education

Radiolog