The Path of Internet Law: An Annotated Guide to Legal Landmarks

The evolution of the Internet has forever changed the legal landscape. The Internet is the world’s largest marketplace, copy machine, and instrumentality for committing crimes, torts, and infringing intellectual property. Justice Holmes’s classic essay on the path of the law drew upon six centuries of case reports and statutes. In less than twenty-five years, Internet law has created new legal dilemmas and challenges in accommodating new information technologies. Part I is a brief timeline of Internet case law and statutory developments for Internet-related intellectual property (IP) law. Part II describes some of the ways in which the Internet is redirecting the path of IP in a globalized information-based economy. Our broader point is that every branch of substantive and procedural law is adapting to the digital world. Part III is the functional equivalent of a GPS for locating the latest U.S. and foreign law resources to help lawyers, policymakers, academics and law students lost in cyberspace

Ewald methods for polarizable surfaces with application to hydroxylation and hydrogen bonding on the (012) and (001) surfaces of alpha-Fe2O3

We present a clear and rigorous derivation of the Ewald-like method for calculation of the electrostatic energy of the systems infinitely periodic in two-dimensions and of finite size in the third dimension (slabs) which is significantly faster than existing methods. Molecular dynamics simulations using the transferable/polarizable model by Rustad et al. were applied to study the surface relaxation of the nonhydroxylated, hydroxylated, and solvated surfaces of alpha-Fe2O3 (hematite). We find that our nonhydroxylated structures and energies are in good agreement with previous LDA calculations on alpha-alumina by Manassidis et al. [Surf. Sci. Lett. 285, L517, 1993]. Using the results of molecular dynamics simulations of solvated interfaces, we define end-member hydroxylated-hydrated states for the surfaces which are used in energy minimization calculations. We find that hydration has a small effect on the surface structure, but that hydroxylation has a significant effect. Our calculations, both for gas-phase and solution-phase adsorption, predict a greater amount of hydroxylation for the (012) surface than for the (001) surface. Our simulations also indicate the presence of four-fold coordinated iron ions on the (001) surface.Comment: 23 pages, REVTeX (LaTeX), 8 figures not included, e-mail to [email protected], paper accepted in Surface Scienc

Monitoring Attempted Eradication of the Invasive Species Northern Pike (Esox lucius), and Re-Establishment of Three-Spined Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in Gillsvann, using eDNA Analysis.

Anthropogenic activities are putting marine and freshwater ecosystems under increasing pressure and global climate change is causing transformations in ecosystems and food chains worldwide. Invasive species pose one of the greatest threats to natural diversity and the endemic species essential for ecosystem balance. In November 2021, Gillsvann in Kristiansand, Norway, was treated with rotenone with the aim of eradicating the invasive species Northern pike (Esox lucius) from the lake. The effectiveness of the treatment was monitored using environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis. The primary objective was to investigate the presence of Northern pike eDNA in the lake from November 2021 (after the treatment) to November 2022. Monthly water samples were collected from 14 different locations in Gillsvann and analyzed using real-time PCR with species-specific eDNA. The findings of the study revealed that the presence of Northern pike eDNA was observed consistently each month up until the month of April in the year 2022. However, from the month of May until November in the same year, there was no detection of Northern pike eDNA, suggesting that the species may have been successfully eliminated from the lake. The second objective was to analyze eDNA of three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) to assess the re-establishment of endemic species. The results suggest that three-spined stickleback likely re-invaded the lake following the rotenone treatment, with eDNA levels returning to pre-treatment levels by June 2022. This indicates that the species has successfully re-established in Gillsvann. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential effectiveness of rotenone treatment for eradicating invasive species and the utility of eDNA analysis for monitoring the possible success of eradication efforts and re-establishment of native species

Alien Registration- Rustad, Axel (Bangor, Penobscot County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/10971/thumbnail.jp