K13 blocks KSHV lytic replication and deregulates vIL6 nad hIL6 expression: A model of lytic replication induced clonal selection in viral oncogenesis

Background. Accumulating evidence suggests that dysregulated expression of lytic genes plays an important role in KSHV (Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus) tumorigenesis. However, the molecular events leading to the dysregulation of KSHV lytic gene expression program are incompletely understood. Methodoloxy/Principal Findings. We have studied the effect of KSHV-encoded latent protein vFLIP K13, a potent activator of the NF-κB pathway, on lytic reactivation of the virus. We demonstrate that K13 antagonizes RTA, the KSHV lytic-regulator, and effectively blocks the expression of lytic proteins, production of infectious virions and death of the infected cells. Induction of lytic replication selects for clones with increased K13 expression and NF-κB activity, while siRNA-mediated silencing of K13 induces the expression of lytic genes. However, the suppressive effect of K13 on RTA-induced lytic genes is not uniform and it falls to block RTA-induced viral IL6 secretion and cooperates with RTA to enhance cellular IL-6 production, thereby dysregulating the lytic gene expression program. Conclusions/Significance. Our results support a model in which ongoing KSHV, lytic replication selects for clones with progressively higher levels of K13 expression and NF-κB activity, which in turn drive KSHV tumorigenesis by not only directly stimulating cellular survival and proliferation, but also indirectly by dysregulating the viral lytic gene program and allowing non-lytic production of growth-promoting viral and cellular genes. Lytic Replication-Induced Clonal Selection (LyRICS) may represent a general mechanism in viral oncogenesis. 2007 Zhao et al

Pseudorapidity distribution of charged hadrons in proton-proton collisions at root s=13TeV

Peer reviewe

Effets d'irradiation dans des oxydes d'intérêt nucléaire (zircone cubique et pyrochlores)

ORSAY-PARIS 11-BU Sciences (914712101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Image classification using object detectors

International audienceImage categorization is one of the most competitive topic in computer vision and image processing. In this paper, we propose to use trained object and region detectors to represent the visual content of each image. Compared to similar methods found in the literature, our method encompasses two main areas of novelty: introducing a new spatial pooling formalism and designing a late fusion strategy for combining our rep-resentation with state-of-the art methods based on low-level descriptors, e.g. Fisher Vectors and BossaNova. Our experiments carried out in the challenging PASCAL VOC 2007 dataset reveal outstanding performances. When combined with low-level representations, we reach more than 67.6% in MAP, outperforming recently reported results in this dataset with a large margin

Recherche et developpement dans le domaine des materiaux avances au Japon

SIGLEAvailable at INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : RP 12057 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Deep neural networks under stress

In recent years, deep architectures have been used for transfer learning with state-of-the-art performance in many datasets. The properties of their features remain, however, largely unstudied under the transfer perspective. In this work, we present an extensive analysis of the resiliency of feature vectors extracted from deep models, with special focus on the trade-off between performance and compression rate. By introducing perturbations to image descriptions extracted from a deep convolutional neural network, we change their precision and number of dimensions, measuring how it affects the final score. We show that deep features are more robust to these disturbances when compared to classical approaches, achieving a compression rate of 98.4%, while losing only 0.88% of their original score for Pascal VOC 2007CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQ8,248/9123rd IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP

Resistência parcial à ferrugem-da-folha em genótipos de aveia

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar os diferentes níveis de resistência à ferrugem-da-folha em genótipos de aveia, e avaliar seu efeito sobre componentes do rendimento de grãos. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na Estação Experimental Agronômica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, em 1995 e 1996. Foram avaliados dez genótipos de aveia com reações diferenciadas à moléstia. A ferrugem-da-folha causou prejuízos no rendimento de grãos, em diferentes densidades de cultivo da aveia, e o peso de grãos foi o componente mais afetado. Porém, alguns genótipos, como o UFRGS 910906, não foram afetados, apesar de apresentarem níveis intermediários de severidade da moléstia, o que evidencia a possibilidade de combinar resistência parcial e potencial de rendimento num mesmo genótipo.The aim of this study was to determine the different levels of resistance to crown rust of oat genotypes, and to evaluate its effects on yield components. The experiments were carried out at the agronomy experimental station of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in 1995 and 1996. Ten genotypes with differentiated reactions to the disease were evaluated. Crown rust caused damage to grain yield, in different crop densities, and grain weight was the most affected yield component. However, some genotypes like UFRGS 910906 were not affected even at intermediate levels of the disease, showing thereby the possibility to combine partial resistance and yield potential in the same genotype

Resistência parcial à ferrugem-da-folha em genótipos de aveia

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar os diferentes níveis de resistência à ferrugem-da-folha em genótipos de aveia, e avaliar seu efeito sobre componentes do rendimento de grãos. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na Estação Experimental Agronômica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, em 1995 e 1996. Foram avaliados dez genótipos de aveia com reações diferenciadas à moléstia. A ferrugem-da-folha causou prejuízos no rendimento de grãos, em diferentes densidades de cultivo da aveia, e o peso de grãos foi o componente mais afetado. Porém, alguns genótipos, como o UFRGS 910906, não foram afetados, apesar de apresentarem níveis intermediários de severidade da moléstia, o que evidencia a possibilidade de combinar resistência parcial e potencial de rendimento num mesmo genótipo.The aim of this study was to determine the different levels of resistance to crown rust of oat genotypes, and to evaluate its effects on yield components. The experiments were carried out at the agronomy experimental station of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in 1995 and 1996. Ten genotypes with differentiated reactions to the disease were evaluated. Crown rust caused damage to grain yield, in different crop densities, and grain weight was the most affected yield component. However, some genotypes like UFRGS 910906 were not affected even at intermediate levels of the disease, showing thereby the possibility to combine partial resistance and yield potential in the same genotype

PKCθ/β and CYLD are antagonistic partners in the NFκB and NFAT transactivation pathways in primary mouse CD3+ T lymphocytes.

In T cells PKCθ mediates the activation of critical signals downstream of TCR/CD28 stimulation. We investigated the molecular mechanisms by which PKCθ regulates NFκB transactivation by examining PKCθ/β single and double knockout mice and observed a redundant involvement of PKCθ and PKCβ in this signaling pathway. Mechanistically, we define a PKCθ-CYLD protein complex and an interaction between the positive PKCθ/β and the negative CYLD signaling pathways that both converge at the level of TAK1/IKK/I-κBα/NFκB and NFAT transactivation. In Jurkat leukemic T cells, CYLD is endoproteolytically processed in the initial minutes of stimulation by the paracaspase MALT1 in a PKC-dependent fashion, which is required for robust IL-2 transcription. However, in primary T cells, CYLD processing occurs with different kinetics and an altered dependence on PKC. The formation of a direct PKCθ/CYLD complex appears to regulate the short-term spatial distribution of CYLD, subsequently affecting NFκB and NFAT repressional activity of CYLD prior to its MALT1-dependent inactivation. Taken together, our study establishes CYLD as a new and critical PKCθ interactor in T cells and reveals that antagonistic PKCθ/β-CYLD crosstalk is crucial for the adjustment of immune thresholds in primary mouse CD3(+) T cells