Four-momentum boosted Fermion fields

A formulation of the fermion action is discussed which includes an explicit four momentum boost on the field prior to discretisation. This is used to shift the zero of lattice momentum to lie near one of the on-shell quark poles. The positive pole is selected if we wish to describe a valence quark, and negative pole for a valence anti-quark. Like NRQCD, the typical lattice momenta involved in hadronic correlation functions can be kept small: of order $O(a \Lambda_{\rm QCD})$, rather than $O(a m_Q)$ even when describing heavy quarks. If we expand around the particle pole, the anti-particle correlator will be poorly described for large $a m_Q$. However, in that case the anti-particle will be far off shell and will only affect unphysical, renormalization factors. The formulation produces the correct continuum limit, and preliminary results have been obtained (for an unimproved action) of both the one-loop self energy and a non-perturbative correlation function.Comment: Talk presented at Lattice2003(heavy). 3 pages, 1 figur

Fecal phosphorus excretion and characterization from swine fed diets containing a variety of cereal grains

Twenty crossbred barrows weighing 35.8±3.1 kg, were fed 1 of 5 diets (N = 4) to determine the effects of different cereal grains on fecal P excretion and composition. The diets contained 97.15% corn, wheat, high fat-low lignin oat, normal barley or low phytate barley with the cereal grain supplying the sole source of dietary phosphorus. The diets were fed for a 7 day acclimation period followed by a three-day fecal collection. Total tract digestibility coefficients were determined for dry matter, phosphorus and phytate using the indicator method. Fecal phosphorus was characterized using solution state Phosphorus Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (31P-NMR). Water Soluble Phosphorus (WSP) and the ratio of WSP to total phosphorus (WSP:TP) were determined in the feces. Digestibility coefficients for phosphorus and phytate ranged from 0.11 (corn) to 0.46 (wheat) and 0.94 (oat) to 1.00 (corn and low-phytate barley), respectively. There was very little phytate phosphorus excreted in the feces regardless of the type of cereal grain fed (< 6% of total phosphorus) and phytate degradation was not related to the level of endogenous phytase in the diet. There was a negative relationship between the fecal WSP:TP ratio and the concentration of phosphate monoesters in the feces. In summary, our results indicate that the majority of the phosphorus in the feces of pigs fed cereal grains is present in the form of inorganic phosphate and only trace amounts of phytate are excreted intact. The amount of phytate in the excreta was not related to the amount of phytate or endogenous phytase in the grain. Further research should be conducted with diets more typical of those used in commercial swine production to confirm these findings, as the high inorganic phosphate content and WSP:TP ratio in manure from swine could increase the potential for off-site phosphorus losses when swine feces are applied on agricultural lands

Phosphorus Utilization and Characterization of Excreta From Swine Fed Diets Containing A Variety of Cereal Grains Balanced For Total Phosphorus

Intrinsic phytase in swine feeds may alter phytate utilization and solubility of excreted phosphorus. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to quantify changes in fecal phosphorus composition from swine fed various cereal grains with a range of phytate concentrations and endogenous phytase activities. Twenty-five crossbred barrows weighing 89.3 + or - 6.8 kg were fed one of five diets based on corn, barley, low phytate barley, high fat-low lignin oat or wheat. Experimental diets were formulated to contain 75% of the test grain and were fed for a seven-day acclimation period followed by a three-day fecal collection. Total tract apparent digestibility coefficients were determined for dry matter, phosphorus and phytate using the indicator method. Fecal phosphorus was characterized using solution state phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-NMR). Water soluble phosphorus (WSP) and the ratio of WSP to total phosphorus (WSP:TP) were determined in the feces. Apparent digestibility coefficients for phosphorus and phytate ranged from 0.33 (barley) to 0.45 (low phytate barley) and 0.32 (corn) to 0.79 (oat), respectively. The majority of phosphorus excreted in the feces was in the form of phosphate (> 48% of total phosphorus), and phytate degradation was not related to the endogenous phytase activity in the feeds. There was a positive linear relationship between dietary neutral detergent fiber and apparent total tract phytate digestibility, indicating that higher dietary fiber levels may enhance microbial breakdown of phytate in the hind gut. There was a negative relationship between the fecal WSP:TP and the % of total phosphorus in the form of phytate in the feces. In summary, our results indicate that the majority of the phosphorus in the feces of pigs fed cereal grains is present in the form of phosphate and only small amounts of phytate are contained in the excreta. The exception to this was the corn diet where 45% of the total fecal P was in the form of phytate. This hydrolysis of phytate in the gut did not appear to be related to the content of either phytate or phytase in the grain but was related to dietary fiber concentrations

Phosphorus utilization and characterization of ileal digesta and excreta from broiler chickens fed diets varying in cereal grain, phosphorus level, and phytase addition

Both intrinsic and exogenous phytase in poultry feeds can alter phytate utilization and the solubility of P excreted. This experiment determined the effects of feeding diets varying in cereal grain, P concentration and phytase addition on phytate and P utilization and P characterization of ileal digesta and excreta. Twelve treatments, consisting of diets based on corn, wheat, barley, or high fat-low lignin oat and 3 P treatments (low P with 0.30% nonphytate P; low P + 1,000 phytase units of phytase; high P with 0.45% nonphytate P), were fed to 300 broilers using a factorial design. Fresh excreta were collected at 20 and 21 d and ileal digesta was collected at 21 d. Ileal digesta and excreta were analyzed for total P, phytate P and Ca, with P composition determined by solution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Excreta samples were also analyzed for water soluble P (WSP). Apparent ileal digestibility coefficients for phytate P and total P ranged from 0.03 to 0.42 and 0.56 to 0.71, respectively. Diets supplemented with phytase had greater phytate P hydrolysis than unsupplemented diets. Apparent total tract digestibility coefficients for phytate P and total P ranged from 0.10 to 0.73 and 0.43 to 0.61, respectively. Across cereal grains, there was almost a 3-fold increase in total tract phytate P hydrolysis with phytase supplementation. The P composition of ileal digesta was predominantly phytate P (70 to 88% of total P), whereas excreta phytate P ranged from 26 to 76% of total P. Excreta WSP ranged from 3.2 to 7.5 g kg?1 and was least for the barley diets. There was a 25% reduction in excreta WSP from the high P to the low P + phytase diets and a 37% reduction from the high P to the low P diets. As cereal grain had little influence on phytate digestibility, it is unlikely that intrinsic phytase in grain has much influence on phytate utilization by poultry. Both total P and WSP in excreta were reduced by the low P diet and the low P + phytase diet, irrespective of cereal grain, which reduces the risk of P transfer to water bodies when excreta are applied to land as fertilizer

Phytate utilization and phosphorus excretion by broiler chickens fed diets containing cereal grains varying in phytate and phytase content

Eighty, 12-day-old, male broiler chicks, were fed one of four diets to determine the effects of feeding grains varying in phytate phosphorus (P) and intrinsic phytase activity on ileal and excreta P digestibility and composition. The diets contained approximately 970.7 g grain kg?1 (maize, high fat–low lignin oat, normal barley or low-phytate barley) with the cereal supplying the sole source of dietary P. The diets were fed for a 7-day acclimation period followed by a 2 day excreta collection while ileal digesta was collected at slaughter on day 21. The coefficients of ileal apparent digestibility (CIAD) for P and phytate P ranged from 0.79 (normal barley) to 0.86 (maize and low-phytate barley) and 0.76 (low-phytate barley) to 0.89 (maize), respectively. The CIAD for phytate P was significantly greater in the maize and high fat–low lignin oat diets, while the low-phytate barley diet had the lowest coefficient (P>0.002). The coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) for P and phytate P ranged from 0.25 (maize) to 0.35 (low-phytate barley) and 0.90 (maize and low-phytate barley) to 0.96 (high fat–low lignin oat), respectively, with no significant differences between diets. There was very little phytate P in excreta regardless of the type of grain fed (<0.13 of total P) with no significant differences between diets. Phytate P degradation was not related to the level of intrinsic phytase in the diet. In summary, current results indicate that, regardless of the type of grain fed, dietary phytate P is highly digestible when large amounts of calcium and P are not added into poultry diets and little phytate P is excreted

Nutrient excretion, phosphorus characterization, and phosphorus solubility in excreta from broiler checks fed diets containing graded levels of wheat distillers grains with solubles

Increased interest in ethanol production in North America has led to increased production of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), the majority of which are fed to livestock. To determine the impact of including wheat DDGS in broiler diets on nutrient excretion and P characterization and solubility, 125 one-day-old male broiler chicks were fed wheat and soybean meal-based diets containing 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20% wheat DDGS. There were 5 replicate pens per treatment, with 5 birds per pen arranged in a randomized block design. Apparent retention of both N and P were determined by using the indicator method. Nutrients excreted per kilogram of DM intake were also calculated. Characterization of excreta P was determined by 31P-solution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and water-soluble P (WSP) was determined by extraction of excreta with deionized water. The apparent retention of both N (P < 0.001) and P (P < 0.008) decreased linearly with increasing inclusion rates of DDGS from 0 to 20%. The nutrient output per kilogram of DM intake increased linearly with increased DDGS inclusion rate for N (P < 0.04), P (P < 0.0001), and WSP (P < 0.0003). As the inclusion rate of DDGS increased, the P concentration in excreta increased (P < 0.008), whereas excreta phytate P concentrations decreased (P < 0.01), which led to an increase in WSP and the fraction of total P that was soluble. Because the inclusion of DDGS in poultry diets increased N and P output, as well as the solubility of P excreted, care should be taken when including high levels of DDGS in poultry diets, because increases in N and P excretion are a concern from an environmental standpoint

The influence of manure phytic acid on phosphorus solubility in calcareous soils

Manure characteristics can influence the potential for P transfer in runoff following land application of manures. This research assessed the influence of manure characteristics on P solubility in calcareous soils using manures from poultry (Gallus Domisticus) fed a variety of grain-based diets with the manures containing a range of total P (5.6-16.4 g P kg-1), water-extractable P (WEP, 0.9-4.7 g P kg -1), phytic acid P (0.1-7.6), total N/P ratios (2.6-5.1), and total C/P ratios (19.5-75.7). In addition, mono-ammonium phosphate fertilizer and reagent grade inositol hexaphosphate (phytic acid [PA]), were included, as well as a control treatment with no P additions. Treatments were incorporated into two soils (Portneuf [Coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcids] and Millville [Coarse-silty, carbonatic, mesic Typic Haploxerolls]) at three rates (10, 20, and 40 mg P kg -1) and incubated for a total of 18 wk with subsamples taken at 2, 5, 9, and 18 wk. Soil samples were analyzed for inorganic and organic NaHCO3 (Olsen) extractable P and select soils were analyzed at 0 and 12 wk by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) for soil P characterization. The percentage of WEP and PA (of total P) in the manures were linearly related (r 2 = 0.94). Increases in Olsen P over time were positively related to the percentage of monoester P in the treatments. At 2 wk, there was a strong negative correlation between the amount of PA added in the treatments and increases in Olsen P. However, by 18 wk, Olsen P was more closely related to the amount of C or N added with the treatments. Changes in PA content of manures due to dietary modification may influence P sorption on calcareous soils in the short-term while other characteristics such as C/P ratio may exert a stronger influence over changes in soil test P over longer time periods

The effects of phytase supplementation on performance and phosphorus excretion from broiler chickens fed low phosphorus-containing diets based on normal or low-phytic acid barley

A total of 240 day-old broiler chicks were used to study the effects of phytase on performance and phosphorus (P) excretion from birds fed diets containing low phytate barleys formulated without inorganic P. A positive control based on Harrington barley (HB) was formulated to meet requirements for total P. Three experimental diets, based on either HB (0.39% total P with 0.28% phytate P) or the low phytate varieties LP 422 (0.36% total P with 0.14% phytate P) and LP 955 (0.40% total P with 0.0 I% phytate P), were formulated to be below requirements for total P by removing all the inorganic P from the diet. The four diets were fed with and without 1,000 FTU/kg phytase. Apparent P digestibility was significantly higher (p<0.01) for birds fed the low phytate barleys than for birds fed HB either supplemented or un-supplemented with inorganic P. P excretion was significantly lower (p<0.01)for birds fed HB without inorganic P than with inorganic P. P excretion was further reduced by the use of the low phytate barleys LP 422 and LP 455 (p<0.01).Phytase supplementation did not affect P excretion (p = 0.39). Body weight gain and feed intake were highest for birds fed the HB diet with inorganic P and lowest for birds fed the HB diet without inorganic P (p<0.01). Among the three low P diets, body weight gain and feed intake of broilers increased as the level of phytate in the barley declined (p<0.01).Phytase modestly increased body weight gain (p = 0.08) and feed intake (p = 0.04). The overall results of this study indicate that it may be possible to reduce the amount of inorganic P used when formulating diets with low phytate barley compared with the levels needed when formulating diets with normal phytate barley. However, it is not possible to completely replace the inorganic P in diets containing low phytate barley without impairing poultry performance. Feeding diets devoid of supplementary inorganic P in combination with low phytate barley resulted in a significant reduction in P excretion by poultry

Erratum to: Search for diboson resonances in hadronic final states in 139 fb−1 of pp collisions at s√ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A mistake was identified for the paper [1] in the treatment of the radion [2] cross-sections, which resulted in multiple changes.(undefined)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results