Cooperative learning in a Engineering Teaching Framework: an introductory experience to Teamworking

Proyecto de Innovación Educativa PIE13-021: Aprendizaje Cooperativo/Colaborativo en el ámbito de la Ingeniería (ACAI)La enseñanza universitaria en el ámbito de la Ingeniería ha estado tradicionalmente orientada al trabajo individual del alumno, lo cual dificulta la adquisición de una de las aptitudes más valoradas en el mercado laboral, como es la competencia de trabajo en grupo. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo fomentar una componente de esta competencia, como es la interacción entre los estudiantes. Para ello se han diseñado y puesto en práctica una serie de actividades docentes en la asignatura “Microcontroladores“, asignatura de 2º curso común a los estudios de Grado en Ingeniería de Sistemas Electrónicos, Sistemas de Telecomunicación, Telemática, Tecnologías de Telecomunicación, y Sonido e Imagen, en la Universidad de Málaga. Asimismo, se ha establecido un conjunto de indicadores que permiten evaluar el grado de consecución de la meta planteada. Los resultados han puesto de manifiesto que la interacción entre los estudiantes se puede fomentar mediante el conjunto de acciones planificadas, aunque las mismas requieren un esfuerzo adicional por parte del profesorado. Finalmente, se han propuesto algunas mejoras en el diseño del procedimiento, para mejorar su eficacia. Este trabajo se enmarca en el proyecto ACAI, cuyo objetivo es implementar un diseño curricular para el desarrollo de la competencia de Trabajo en Grupo. Así, se propone continuar la experiencia aquí presentada fomentando, para los mismos estudiantes, otras componentes de la competencia en asignaturas de 3º y 4º de los grados mencionados.Proyecto de Innovación Educativa PIE13-021, concedido por el Vicerrectorado de Profesorado, Formación, y Coordinación de la Universidad de Málaga

Analizando el impacto disruptivo del COVID-19 en las cadenas de suministro de Montevideo

Globally, COVID-19 reached unprecedented levels of contagion, affecting the social meetings, public spaces, and many everyday aspects. During the first days of the pandemic, supply chains were severely impacted by a great uncertainty in socio-economic terms, causing irrational variations and the inability to forecast demand. In this paper, the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the behaviour of different companies is analysed based on the variation in supply and demand of consumer-packaged goods. The pandemic outbreak disruption, the bullwhip effect caused by demand fluctuations, and the resilience of different companies were studied. A multiple case study methodology is used to analyse the decision-making process of fourteen different companies, from diverse sectors in Uruguay, affronting the pandemic. The paper’s main findings include the identification of disruption and operation risks along with coordination in supply chain management during the first four months of the pandemic. Moreover, due to the necessity of sanitation and comestibles, and the fear of stockout, consumers’ demand was uncertain, and the bullwhip effect was observed in critical channels of some products. Finally, the resiliency and robustness of the affected companies were studied and good practices for a resilient and robust response to the pandemic were identified and analysed.Mundialmente, el COVID-19 generó niveles de contagio sin precedentes, afectando reuniones sociales, espacios públicos, y muchos aspectos de la vida diaria. Durante los primeros días de pandemia, cadenas de suministros fueron afectadas debido a una gran incertidumbre de factores socioeconómicos, causando una alta volatilidad en la demanda resultándola impredecible. Este artículo analiza el efecto que tuvo la pandemia en el comportamiento de diferentes empresas considerando las variaciones en la oferta y demanda de bienes de consumo envasados. Las perturbaciones generadas por la pandemia, el efecto látigo causado por fluctuaciones en la demanda, y la resiliencia de diferentes empresas son estudiadas. Se utilizan múltiples estudios de caso para analizar el proceso de toma de decisiones de catorce empresas uruguayas, de diversos sectores, enfrentándose a la pandemia. Entre las observaciones realizadas se destacan la identificación de riesgos operacionales y disrupciones, y una alta coordinación en la administración de cadenas de suministro durante los primeros meses de pandemia. Asimismo, necesidades sanitarias y alimenticias, y el miedo al agote de stock, causaron demandas inciertas, ocasionando un efecto látigo en ciertos canales de productos. Finalmente, la resiliencia y solidez de las empresas es estudiada, y se identifican y analizan buenas prácticas para afrontar la pandemia

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Supplemental material in the ancillary file

Creación de organizaciones públicas en Colombia: ¿Importan el sector y las funciones?

En el presente artículo se pone a prueba la relación que existe entre la creación de organizaciones públicas en Colombia, las funciones que estas ejercen y el sector de política pública al que pertenecen. Asimismo, se examina si esta relación está mediada por los diferentes estilos de reforma que, desde 1990, han buscado favorecer a organizaciones públicas que ejercen ciertos tipos de funciones en ciertos sectores de política pública. Para esto, se realizó un mapeo de organizaciones públicas en Colombia desde 1990 hasta el 2015. La información recolectada se analizó por medio de una regresión logística. Los resultados muestran que en Colombia solo las funciones de formulación de políticas públicas y de regulación en sectores económicos explican la creación de organizaciones públicas, y que se ha privilegiado la creación de entidades con poca autonomía legal

JUICE: A European Mission to Jupiter and its Icy Moons

JUICE - JUpiter ICy moons Explorer - is the first large mission in the ESA Cosmic Vision programme. Due to launch in May 2022 and arrival at Jupiter in October 2029, it will make detailed observations of the Jovian system, with a special focus on the planet itself, its giant magnetosphere, and the three icy moons: Ganymede, Callisto and Europa. The current mission baseline assumes a Jupiter tour of almost three years including two close flybys of Europa, fifteen flybys of Ganymede, and twelve flybys of Callisto, together with a high inclination phase of six months in order to characterize Jupiter high latitudes. In August 2032, JUICE will then orbit Ganymede for at least ten months, down to an altitude of 500km. The first goal of JUICE is to to characterize the conditions that might have led to the emergence of habitable environments among the Jovian satellites. Ganymede is a high-priority target as it provides a unique laboratory for analyzing the nature, evolution and habitability of icy worlds, including the characteristics of subsurface oceans, and its unique magnetosphere interaction with the Jovian magnetodisc. For Europa, the focus will be on recently active zones, while Callisto will be explored as a witness of the early Solar System. JUICE will also investigate the Jupiter system as an archetype of gas giants. The circulation, meteorology, chemistry and structure of the Jovian atmosphere will be studied from the cloud tops to the thermosphere and ionosphere. JUICE will also study the properties of the magnetodisc, and will analyse the coupling processes within the magnetosphere, ionosphere and thermosphere. The payload consists of 10 instruments plus a ground-based experiment (PRIDE) to better constrain the S/C position. A remote sensing package includes imaging (JANUS) and spectral-imaging capabilities from the UV to the sub-mm wavelengths (UVS, MAJIS, SWI). A geophysical package consists of a laser altimeter (GALA) and a radar sounder (RIME) for exploring the moons, and a radio science experiment (3GM) to sound the atmospheres and to determine the gravity fields. The in-situ package comprises a suite to study plasma and neutral gas environments (PEP) with remote sensing capabilities via energetic neutrals, a magnetometer (J-MAG) and a radio and plasma wave instrument (RPWI)

Käytännön kosteikkosuunnittelu

Maatalouden vesiensuojelua edistetään monin tavoin. Ravinteita ja eroosioainesta sisältäviä valumavesiä pyritään puhdistamaan erilaisissa kosteikoissa. Tämä opas on kirjoitettu avuksi pienimuotoisten kosteikkojen perustamiseen. Oppaassa esitetään käytännönläheisesti kosteikon toteuttamisen eri vaiheet paikan valinnasta suunnitteluun ja rakentamiseen. Vuonna 2010 julkaistun painoksen tiedot on saatettu ajantasalle. Julkaisu on toteutettu osana Tehoa maatalouden vesiensuojeluun (TEHO) -hanketta ja päivitetty TEHO Plus -hankkeen toimesta. Oppaan toivotaan lisäävän kiinnostusta kosteikkojen suunnitteluun ja edelleen niiden rakentamiseen