Estrategias de movilidad basadas en la teoría de percolación para evitar la diseminación de enfermedades: COVID-19

La movilidad de las personas es uno de los principales factores que propician la propagación espacial de epidemias. Las medidas de control epidemiológico basadas en la restricción de movilidad son generalmente poco populares y las consecuencias económicas pueden llegar aser muy grandes. Debido a los altos costos de estas medidas, es de gran relevancia tener estrategias globales que optimicen las medidas minimizando los costos. En este trabajo, se calcula el umbral de percolación de la propagación de enfermedades en redes. De manera particular, se encuentra el número de caminos a restringir y localidades que tienen que ser aisladas para limitar la propagación global de COVID-19 en el Estado de Puebla, México. Simulaciones computacionales donde se implementan las medidas de restricción de movilidadentre los diferentes municipios, junto con las medidas de confinamiento, muestran que es posible reducir un 94 % de la población afectada comparado con el caso en el que no se implementa ninguna medida. Esta metodología puede ser aplicada a distintas zonas para ayudar a las autoridades de salud en la toma de decisiones. Human mobility is an important factor in the spatial propagation of infectious diseases. On the other hand, the control strategies based on mobility restrictions are generally unpopular and costly. These high social and economic costs make it very important to design global protocols where the cost is minimized and effects maximized. In this work, we calculate the percolation threshold of the spread in a network of a disease. In particular, we found the number of roads to close and regions to isolate in the Puebla State, Mexico, to avoid the global spread of COVID-19. Computational simulations taking into account the proposed strategy show a potential reduction of 94 % of infections. This methodology can be used in broader and different areas to help in the design of health policiesAgradecemos el apoyo económico por parte del Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla. Bogar Díaz está financiado por el programa CONEX-Plus,con fondos de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, del Programa Horizonte 2020 dentro de las acciones de trabajo Marie-Sklodowska Curie COFUND (H2020-MSCA-COFUND-2017- GA 801538)

West Nile Virus Survey of Birds, Horses, and Mosquitoes of the Pacific Coast, Southern Mexico

Abstract. Serology of West Nile virus vectors and non-human reservoirs was surveyed at Acapulco, Jose Azueta, and Ometepec, three Pacific Coast localities of Guerrero State, Mexico. The objectives of this study were to use enzyme-linked immnosorbent assay (ELISA) to assess West Nile virus antibodies of bird and equine serum samples and use reverse transcription of polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect the virus in field-collected resting mosquitoes. Forty birds trapped using mist nets yielded 10% seroprevalence. Similarly, 18.6% of 102 equine blood samples had West Nile virus. In addition, 4,854 mosquitoes were caught using motorized backpack aspirators and grouped into 116 pools. Of the 16 species and seven genera, no mosquito was positive for West Nile virus. Our study demonstrated West Nile virus seroprevalence on resident birds and equines in Guerrero State, Mexico

Cosmic-ray searches with the MATHUSLA detector

The performance of the proposed MATHUSLA detector as an instrument for studying the physics of cosmic rays by measuring extensive air showers is presented. The MATHUSLA detector is designed to observe and study the decay of long-lived particles produced at the pp interaction point of the CMS detector at CERN during the HL-LHC data-taking period. The proposed MATHUSLA detector will be composed of many layers of long scintillating bars that cannot measure more than one hit per bar and correctly report the hit coordinate in case of multiple hits. This study shows that adding a layer of RPC detectors with both analogue and digital readout significantly enhances the capabilities of MATHUSLA to measure the local densities and arrival times of charged particles at the front of air showers. We discuss open issues in cosmic-ray physics that the proposed MATHUSLA detector with an additional layer of RPC detectors could address and conclude by comparing with other air-shower facilities that measure cosmic rays in the PeV energy range.Comment: 64 pages, 58 figure

Recent Progress and Next Steps for the MATHUSLA LLP Detector

We report on recent progress and next steps in the design of the proposed MATHUSLA Long Lived Particle (LLP) detector for the HL-LHC as part of the Snowmass 2021 process. Our understanding of backgrounds has greatly improved, aided by detailed simulation studies, and significant R&D has been performed on designing the scintillator detectors and understanding their performance. The collaboration is on track to complete a Technical Design Report, and there are many opportunities for interested new members to contribute towards the goal of designing and constructing MATHUSLA in time for HL-LHC collisions, which would increase the sensitivity to a large variety of highly motivated LLP signals by orders of magnitude.Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021 (EF09, EF10, IF6, IF9), 18 pages, 12 figures. v2: included additional endorser

Epidemiological trends of HIV/HCV coinfection in Spain, 2015-2019

Altres ajuts: Spanish AIDS Research Network; European Funding for Regional Development (FEDER).Objectives: We assessed the prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies and active HCV infection (HCV-RNA-positive) in people living with HIV (PLWH) in Spain in 2019 and compared the results with those of four similar studies performed during 2015-2018. Methods: The study was performed in 41 centres. Sample size was estimated for an accuracy of 1%. Patients were selected by random sampling with proportional allocation. Results: The reference population comprised 41 973 PLWH, and the sample size was 1325. HCV serostatus was known in 1316 PLWH (99.3%), of whom 376 (28.6%) were HCV antibody (Ab)-positive (78.7% were prior injection drug users); 29 were HCV-RNA-positive (2.2%). Of the 29 HCV-RNA-positive PLWH, infection was chronic in 24, it was acute/recent in one, and it was of unknown duration in four. Cirrhosis was present in 71 (5.4%) PLWH overall, three (10.3%) HCV-RNA-positive patients and 68 (23.4%) of those who cleared HCV after anti-HCV therapy (p = 0.04). The prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies decreased steadily from 37.7% in 2015 to 28.6% in 2019 (p < 0.001); the prevalence of active HCV infection decreased from 22.1% in 2015 to 2.2% in 2019 (p < 0.001). Uptake of anti-HCV treatment increased from 53.9% in 2015 to 95.0% in 2019 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: In Spain, the prevalence of active HCV infection among PLWH at the end of 2019 was 2.2%, i.e. 90.0% lower than in 2015. Increased exposure to DAAs was probably the main reason for this sharp reduction. Despite the high coverage of treatment with direct-acting antiviral agents, HCV-related cirrhosis remains significant in this population

Centrality evolution of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density over a broad pseudorapidity range in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76TeV

Peer reviewe

Adverse Childhood Experiences in Mexico: Prevalence and Association with Sociodemographic Variables and Health Status

Background. Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) refer to a semantic field of negative childhood events that, in conjunction with insufficient personal, family, or contextual coping resources, have the potential of becoming traumatic. Objective. To assess the prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and their association with sociodemographic variables and physical and mental illnesses in a Mexican sample. Design. A cross-sectional design was used. The sample included 917 Mexican adults who responded to the Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ). Most of the participants were female (79.3%) with an average age of 37 years, a monthly income between 500 and 2,500 USD (59.2%), had completed university education (45.6%) and were married or in a common-law marriage (53.1%). Data was collected through Google Forms, and the link to the form was shared through electronic social networks. Results. A total of 48.3% of the participants presented seven to nine types of ACEs. Among their responses, the most prevalent categories were emotional neglect (95.1%), family violence (83.3%), and emotional abuse (78.6%). A significant association was found between the number of ACEs and the mental illness diagnosis (x2(20) = 15.16; p < .001). Women were found to report more experiences of sexual abuse (z = -6.62, p < .001), whereas men reported more experiences of community violence (z = -4.27, p < .001) and collective violence (z = -3.94, p < .001). Conclusions. The prevalence of ACEs in the Mexican population is high. However, men and women reported differences in certain types of ACEs. It was found that people with a diagnosis and family history of mental illnesses presented a higher number of ACE categories

Comunidades herbáceas de Under o, en los bosques carpetano-ibérico-leoneses y luso-extremadurenses

[ES] Se estudian las comunidades herbáceas vivaces de lindero de bosque, en los pisos meso y supramediterráneo de las provincias Luso-Extremadurense y Carpetano-Ibérico-Leonesa (sectores salmantino, bejarano-gredense, lusitanoduriense y orensano-sanabriense), pertenecientes a la clase Trifolio-Geranietea Müller 1961. Hemos intentado fijar el comportamiento sintaxonómico de un conjunto de taxones, en su mayor parte endémico, que definen y diferencian las comunidades estudiadas frente a sus vicariantes septentrionales europeas. Finalmente, proponemos como nuevas las asociaciones Hieracio-Linarietum triornithophorae, Carduo-Festucetum durandii (Linarion triornithophorae), Vincetoxico-Origanetum virentis y Pimpinello-Origanetum virentis (Origanion virentis).[EN] In this work we study the herbaceous perennial communities of the edges in the mesomediterranean and supramediterranean stages of the Luso- Extremadurense and Carpetano-Ibérico-Leonesa provinces (salmantino, bejaranogredense, lusitano-duriense and orensano-sanabriense sectors). These communities belong to the phytosociological class Trifolio-Geranietea Müller, 1961. We have tried to settle the syntaxonomic behaviour of a few taxa —most of them endemic ones— which determine the studied communities and separate them from their northern Europe vicarious. Finally, we propound the new associations Hieracio-Linarietum trionithophorae, Carduo-Festucetum durandii (Linarion triornithophorae), Vincetoxico-Origanetum virentis and Pimpinello-Origanetum viretis (Origanion virentis)