The EU-MERCOSUR trade agreement and its impact on CO2 emissions

Artículo de revistaIn 2019 the European Union (EU) and the Latin American countries that make up the Common Market of the South (Mercosur) reached a political agreement to sign, ratify and implement a trade agreement between the two blocs. This agreement is expected to bring trade and welfare benefits on both sides of the Atlantic. The impact estimated for the EU will be similar to that of other recent agreements, such as that entered into with Japan. However, the EU-Mercosur “agreement in principle” has raised concerns owing to its potential impact on the environment and climate, even though it includes strict provisions in these areas and entails very few changes to the tariff and non-tariff measures adopted for agricultural imports from Mercosur. This article focuses on a specific aspect of the EU-Mercosur agreement’s potential environmental impact, namely, the change envisaged in global CO2 emissions. Despite the uncertainty associated with such estimations, when using a standard general equilibrium model, the increase in CO2 emissions deriving from this agreement is found to be limited. Moreover, in certain plausible scenarios, application of the very stringent environmental standards provided for in the agreement in principle could even lower emissions in Mercosur countries

El acuerdo comercial UE-MERCOSUR y su impacto sobre las emisiones de CO2

Artículo de revistaEn 2019, la Unión Europea (UE) y los países latinoamericanos que forman el Mercado Común del Sur (MERCOSUR) alcanzaron un acuerdo político para la firma, ratificación e implementación de un tratado comercial entre los dos bloques. Se espera que dicho acuerdo genere beneficios comerciales y de bienestar en ambos lados del Atlántico. En el caso de la UE, se estiman impactos similares a los que se han identificado en el caso de otros acuerdos recientes, como el firmado con Japón. No obstante, el «principio de acuerdo» UE-MERCOSUR ha suscitado preocupación por sus potenciales impactos medioambientales y climáticos, a pesar de incluir disposiciones rigurosas en ese ámbito, y de conllevar cambios muy limitados en las medidas arancelarias y no arancelarias relacionadas con las importaciones de productos agrícolas procedentes del MERCOSUR. Este artículo se centra en un aspecto específico de esos posibles impactos medioambientales del acuerdo UE-MERCOSUR: el cambio esperado en las emisiones globales de CO2. Dentro de la incertidumbre asociada a la estimación de estos impactos, a partir de un modelo de equilibrio general estándar en la literatura, se encuentra que el aumento de las emisiones de CO2 derivado de este acuerdo sería limitado. Además, en algunos escenarios plausibles, la aplicación de las normativas medioambientales del principio de acuerdo —muy estrictas— podrían incluso conllevar un descenso de las emisiones en los países del MERCOSUR

Optical-phonon resonances with saddle-point excitons in twisted-bilayer graphene

Twisted-bilayer graphene (tBLG) exhibits van Hove singularities in the density of states that can be tuned by changing the twisting angle $\theta$. A $\theta$-defined tBLG has been produced and characterized with optical reflectivity and resonance Raman scattering. The $\theta$-engineered optical response is shown to be consistent with persistent saddle-point excitons. Separate resonances with Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman scattering components can be achieved due to the sharpness of the two-dimensional saddle-point excitons, similar to what has been previously observed for one-dimensional carbon nanotubes. The excitation power dependence for the Stokes and anti-Stokes emissions indicate that the two processes are correlated and that they share the same phonon.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure

Modulation of argon pressure as an option to control transmittance and resistivity of ZnO:Al films deposited by DC magnetron sputtering: on the dark yellow films at 10^-7 Torr base pressures

In a previous paper, we reported that thin films of ZnO:Al [aluminum-zinc oxide (AZO)] deposited after achieving a very low base pressure [from 4.0×10-7 Torr (5.6×10-5 Pa) to 5.7×10-7 Torr (7.6×10-5 Pa)] result dark yellow in color and are resistive. These are undesirable characteristics for the application of AZO thin films as front electrodes in solar cells. However, given the increasingly tendency in the acquisition of equipment that allow us to reach excellent vacuum levels, it is necessary to find the deposition conditions that lead to an improving of transmittance without greatly impacting the electrical properties of materials deposited after achieving these levels of vacuum. In this way, the present work is focused on AZO thin films deposited after achieving a very low base pressure value: 4.2×10-7 Torr (5.6×10-5 Pa). For this, we studied the effect of the variation of the oxygen volume percent in the argon/oxygen mixture (by maintaining the deposition pressure constant) and the effect of deposition pressure with only argon gas on the main properties of AZO thin films. The depositions were done at room temperature on glass substrates by direct-current magnetron sputtering with a power of 120 W (corresponding to a power density of 2.63 W/cm2). As results, we found that the variation of deposition pressure with only argon gas is a good option for the control of optical and electrical properties, since the addition of oxygen, although improves transmittance, greatly impacts on the electrical properties. Furthermore, an interesting correlation was found between the optical and electrical properties and the chemical composition of the AZO films, the latter depending on the argon pressure (for this, a careful X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis was performed). Also, the inverse relationship between crystallinity and deposition rate was confirmed, in which deposition rate inversely depends on argon pressure

Efecto de la mastitis y el estrés sobre la reproducción de la vaca

Debido a los innegables adelantos genéticos y nutricionales, la industria lechera puede hoy producir con alta eficiencia mayor cantidad de leche por vaca y por año. No obstante, estas mejoras pueden quedar relegadas por la aparición de problemas como el bajo desempeño reproductivo de los animales. Tanto en sus formas clínica como subclínica, la mastitis está ligada al estrés de la vaca lechera y tal asociación perjudica considerablemente su desempeño reproductivo. Los productores ganaderos deberán prestar preferencial atención a la tarea de mejorar las condiciones ambientales y de manejo en sus unidades de producción, dado que tales condiciones son en gran parte las responsables del deterioro de la salud de los animales y repercuten en la aparición de trastornos reproductivos, aumentando de manera importante los costos de producción de la industria lechera

Seroprevalencia de enfermedades causantes de aborto bovino en el trópico húmedo mexicano

Brucelosis, leptospirosis, rinotraqueítis bovina infecciosa (IBR) y diarrea viral bovina (DVB) son enfermedades causantes de abortos y provocan grandes pérdidas de producción. La prevalencia de tales afecciones está insuficientemente estudiada en el ganado del trópico húmedo mexicano. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la seroprevalencia de brucelosis, leptospirosis, IBR y DVB en bovinospara carne de cuatro unidades de producción animal ubicadas en dicha área geográfica.Se analizaron sueros sanguíneos de 267 hembras con antecedentes de abortos, a través delas técnicas ELISA e inmunofluorescencia indirecta para el diagnóstico de las enfermedadesvirales y mediante la prueba de tarjeta y fijación de complemento para las enfermedadesbacterianas respectivamente. Promediando las tasas de las cuatro unidades de producciónanimal, donde se examinaron respectivamente 99, 74, 20 y 74 animales, los porcentajes dereactantes positivos fueron: 13,96% para brucelosis, 55,32% para leptospirosis, 13,66% paraIBR y 12,27% para DVB. La prevalencia detectada exige la adopción de estrictas medidasde control higiénico-sanitario

Liberal governmentality in Spain: bodies, minds, and the medical construction of the “outsider,” 1870–1910

This paper traces the fragility of the subject in the period extending from the aftermath of the Sexenio through to the early twentieth century. In particular, two case studies are focused upon: the question of gender “deviance” and the figure of the genius, in order to understand how medicine participated in the construction of “outsider” identities within the context of the emerging liberal order. How did liberal rationales exclude or curtail certain wayward expressions of identity and subjectivity? What consequences did the marking of “excessive” figures or outsiders have for notions of inclusiveness and citizenship within the late-nineteenth-century liberal order? By concentrating primarily on medical texts and journals published during the period, this study builds on existing research to tease out answers to these questions

Search for CP violation in D+→ϕπ+ and D+s→K0Sπ+ decays

A search for CP violation in D + → ϕπ + decays is performed using data collected in 2011 by the LHCb experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1 at a centre of mass energy of 7 TeV. The CP -violating asymmetry is measured to be (−0.04 ± 0.14 ± 0.14)% for candidates with K − K + mass within 20 MeV/c 2 of the ϕ meson mass. A search for a CP -violating asymmetry that varies across the ϕ mass region of the D + → K − K + π + Dalitz plot is also performed, and no evidence for CP violation is found. In addition, the CP asymmetry in the D+s→K0Sπ+ decay is measured to be (0.61 ± 0.83 ± 0.14)%

Search for the decay Bs0→D*∓π±

A search for the decay Bs0→D*∓π± is presented using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0  fb-1 of pp collisions collected by LHCb. This decay is expected to be mediated by a W-exchange diagram, with little contribution from rescattering processes, and therefore a measurement of the branching fraction will help us to understand the mechanism behind related decays such as Bs0→π+π- and Bs0→DD- . Systematic uncertainties are minimized by using B0→D*∓π± as a normalization channel. We find no evidence for a signal, and set an upper limit on the branching fraction of B(Bs0→D*∓π±)<6.1(7.8)×10-6 at 90% (95%) confidence level