“It’s not for the sake of a ribboned coat”: A History of British School Uniform

Despite a good deal of work on the history of education, uniforms and children’s clothes as separate fields of research, the development of school uniform is an area that has received little meaningful academic attention to date. School uniform is a visibly prominent reflection of, not only, institutional values, but also of wider views and an indicator of cultural change. This thesis takes an interdisciplinary approach to recreate the five hundred year history of British school uniform using archival, commercial and autobiographical sources to discuss trends in design, adoption and change across a wide range of educational institutions. In doing so the importance of social factors and constructs on the education system and school appearances have become apparent, most notable amongst these are class and gender, but also nationalism and religion. This broad approach enables a wider spectrum of influences and processes to be analysed and their impact seen over a longer time period, allowing connections to be made that might, otherwise, have been missed through close focus. The resulting wide temporal framework can also act as a basis in which future research may be situated

Structural and physical properties of selected complex chalcogenides

The structure and physical properties of a selection of mixed-metal chalcogenides have been investigated. Materials covered in this study have shown a range of unusual behaviours. GeV4S8 has been successfully synthesized in order to investigate the structural properties as a function of temperature. These data reveal that there are three distinct polymorphs over the temperature range 7 ≤ T / K ≤ 32, of which one had not been previously determined. Neutron diffraction experiments reveal a series of peak splittings and broadenings upon cooling to indicate a deviation from the face-centred cubic structure at room temperature. A reduction in symmetry to R3m, at TS = 32K is observed. Antiferromagnetic ordering is then associated with a second successive phase transition at TN = 17 K to Cm, which is a sub-group of R3m. This monoclinic phase has previously not been reported. A new series has been prepared through substitution of chromium with indium in Cr1-xInxGeTe3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) to investigate the effects of diluting the magnetic cation on the structural, physical and magnetic properties. CrGeTe3 crystallises in space group R3ത with a three-layer repeating unit. It consists of hexagonally close packed layers of Te2- ions, with Cr3+ ions and (Ge2) 6+ dumbbell pairs occupying octahedral holes in only every other layer. The unoccupied layers persist throughout the series; however cationic ordering within the layers of Te2- ions results in different stacking sequences. Cr1-xInxGeTe3, x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.6 samples have a range of ferromagnetism that can be described using Curie-Weiss law, but they also have regions of spin glass dominated behaviour below the ‘freeze’ temperature, Tf. Semiconducting data showed samples did not exhibit thermally activated conduction but were found to fit a variable-range-hopping model that represents electrical conductivity in three-dimensions. At x = 0, Seebeck coefficients are large and positive, however for x = 1, markedly different behaviour is observed. InGeTe3 undergoes a change in the dominant charge carriers from electrons to holes at 245 K

Therapists as Educators: the Importance of Client Education in Occupational Therapy

Client education is a major component of everyday health care practice. Entry-level occupational therapy (OT) accreditation standards require educators to teach students how to demonstrate the ability to educate clients, family, caregivers, and significant others to facilitate their skills related to personal occupations. Although these standards are a necessity, entry-level programs are not required to teach students the teaching methodologies that support human learning. However, the educational standards do require students to apply the principles of teaching and learning processes. This project explored the evidence in teaching and learning strategies and how these were introduced to OT students during their program. Faculty from the School of Occupational Therapy and School of Education developed a module for entry-level OT students. Data analysis found that students were able to benefit from the additional information on teaching and learning theory

Practical steps toward integrating economic, social and institutional elements in fisheries policy and management

While international agreements and legislation call for incorporation of four pillars of sustainability, the social (including cultural), economic and institutional aspects (the ‘human dimension’) have been relatively neglected to date. Three key impediments have been identified: a relative lack of explicit social, economic and institutional objectives; a general lack of process (frameworks, governance) for routine integration of all four pillars of sustainability; and a bias towards biological considerations. Practical integration requires a ‘systems’ approach with explicit consideration of strategic and operational aspects of management; multidisciplinary or transdisciplinary evaluations; practical objectives for the four pillars of sustainability; appropriate participation; and a governance system that is able to integrate these diverse considerations in management. We challenge all involved in fisheries to immediately take five practical steps toward integrating ecological, economic, social and institutional aspects: (1) Adopt the perspective of the fishery as a ‘system’ with interacting natural, human and management elements; (2) Be aware of both strategic and operational aspects of fisheries assessment and management; (3) Articulate overarching objectives that incorporate all four pillars of sustainability; (4) Encourage appropriate (and diverse) disciplinary participation in all aspects of research, evaluation and management; and (5) Encourage development of (or emulate) participatory governance

Handwriting speed in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder: Are they really slower?

This is the post-print version of the final paper published in Research in Developmental Disabilities. The published article is available at the link below. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. Copyright @ 2013 Elsevier B.V.Handwriting difficulties are often included in descriptions of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). They are cited as the most common reason for referral to health professionals following parent and teacher concerns about slow and untidy writing. The aim of this study was to compare handwriting performance in English children with and without DCD across a range of writing tasks, to gain a better understanding of the nature of ‘slowness’ so commonly reported. Twenty-eight 8–14 year-old children with a diagnosis of DCD participated in the study, with 28 typically developing age and gender matched controls. Participants completed the four handwriting tasks from the Detailed Assessment of Speed of Handwriting (DASH) and wrote their own name; all on a digitising writing tablet. The number of words written, speed of pen movements and the time spent pausing during the tasks were calculated. The findings confirmed what many professionals report, that children with DCD produce less text than their peers. However, this was not due to slow movement execution, but rather a higher percentage of time spent pausing. Discussion centres on the understanding of the pausing phenomenon in children with DCD and areas for further research.Oxford Brookes Universit

Are sexual media exposure, parental restrictions on media use and co-viewing TV and DVDs with parents and friends associated with teenagers' early sexual behaviour?

Sexual content in teenagers' media diets is known to predict early sexual behaviour. Research on sexual content has not allowed for the social context of media use, which may affect selection and processing of content. This study investigated whether sexual media content and/or contextual factors (co-viewing, parental media restrictions) were associated with early sexual behaviour using 2251 14–15 year-olds from Scotland, UK. A third (<i>n</i> = 733) reported sexual intercourse. In multivariable analysis the likelihood of intercourse was lower with parental restriction of sexual media and same-sex peer co-viewing; but higher with mixed-sex peer co-viewing. Parental co-viewing, other parental restrictions on media and sexual film content exposure were not associated with intercourse. Findings suggest the context of media use may influence early sexual behaviour. Specific parental restrictions on sexual media may offer more protection against early sex than other restrictions or parental co-viewing. Further research is required to establish causal mechanisms

Addressing marine and coastal governance conflicts at the interface of multiple sectors and jurisdictions

Marine and coastal activities are closely interrelated, and conflicts among different sectors can undermine management and conservation objectives. Governance systems for fisheries, power generation, irrigation, aquaculture, marine biodiversity conservation, and other coastal and maritime activities are typically organized to manage conflicts within sectors, rather than across them. Based on the discussions around eight case studies presented at a workshop held in Brest in June 2019, this paper explores institutional approaches to move beyond managing conflicts within a sector. We primarily focus on cases where the groups and sectors involved are heterogeneous in terms of: the jurisdiction they fall under; their objectives; and the way they value ecosystem services. The paper first presents a synthesis of frameworks for understanding and managing cross-sectoral governance conflicts, drawing from social and natural sciences. We highlight commonalities but also conceptual differences across disciplines to address these issues. We then propose a novel analytical framework which we used to evaluate the eight case studies. Based on the main lessons learned from case studies, we then discuss the feasibility and key determinants of stakeholder collaboration as well as compensation and incentive schemes. The discussion concludes with future research needs to support policy development and inform integrated institutional regimes that consider the diversity of stakeholder interests and the potential benefits of cross-sectoral coordination

The state of the Martian climate

60°N was +2.0°C, relative to the 1981–2010 average value (Fig. 5.1). This marks a new high for the record. The average annual surface air temperature (SAT) anomaly for 2016 for land stations north of starting in 1900, and is a significant increase over the previous highest value of +1.2°C, which was observed in 2007, 2011, and 2015. Average global annual temperatures also showed record values in 2015 and 2016. Currently, the Arctic is warming at more than twice the rate of lower latitudes