O papel do professor na motivação dos studantes na Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA)

The present research had as general objective to analyze the role of the teacher in the motivation of the students in the Education of Young and Adults (EJA) in a public school in Paraíba State. Thus, it was accomplished through qualitative and exploratory data in two classes of this school in modalities I, II, III and IV of the EJA cycle. Its development was through a semi-structured interview with 2 (two) teachers and also 5 (five) observations with both teachers and students. The production of data was done through a bibliographical and documentary survey and some authors of great value were used as theoretical references for this deepening, since they contributed a lot to this line of research, so the relevance of their studies are: Furtado, Gonçalves, Perine, Sobrinho & André, Brazil, Freire, Aragão, Saviani, and Kenski in order to develop a foundation and build better conditions for learning and motivation for teachers and students. It emerged from the analyzes, interviews and observations in these classes that a specific teacher at this school did not have the understanding of what would be motivation and thus did not develop in the classroom a transformative teaching for meaningful practice. We also note the precariousness and lack of investment by managers in the school infrastructure and the lack of appropriate training of teachers to deal with EJA students in a dynamic, conscious and motivating way.A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo geral analisar o papel do professor na motivação dos estudantes na Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) em uma escola pública do Estado Paraíba. Assim, foi realizada por meio de dados qualitativos e exploratórios em duas turmas dessa escola nas modalidades I, II, III e IV do ciclo da EJA. Seu desenvolvimento se deu por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada com 2 (duas) docentes e também por 5 (cinco) observações tanto com professores, quanto com alunos. A produção de dados se realizou por meio de levantamento bibliográfico e documental e utilizaram-se como referenciais teóricos alguns autores de grande valia para esse aprofundamento, pois os mesmos contribuíram bastante para essa linha de pesquisa, tal a relevância de seus estudos, são eles: Furtado, Gonçalves, Perine, Sobrinho & André, Brasil, Freire, Aragão, a fim de desenvolver uma base e construir melhores condições de aprendizado e motivação para professores e alunos. Surgiu a partir das análises, entrevistas e observações nas referidas turmas, que uma professora específica dessa escola não tinha a compreensão do que seria motivação e dessa forma não desenvolvia em sala de aula um ensino transformador para uma prática significativa. Observamos também a precariedade e a falta de investimento por parte dos gestores na infraestrutura da escola e a falta de capacitação apropriada dos professores para lidar com os alunos da EJA de um modo dinâmico, consciente e motivador

Prevenção de lesão por pressão

Objetivo: Comparar o conhecimento de profissionais de enfermagem de terapia intensiva sobre prevenção de lesão por pressão, antes e após uma intervenção educativa. Método: Pesquisa quase experimental (antes-depois) de intervenção educativa, com abordagem quantitativa, realizada de março a dezembro de 2018. Responderam ao teste de conhecimento sobre lesão por pressão 145 profissionais de enfermagem em seis unidades de terapia intensiva no nordeste do Brasil, após aprovação pelo comitê de ética em pesquisa. A análise foi feita por meio dos testes Mann-Whitney e Wilcoxon com nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: Houve melhora significativa no nível de conhecimento sobre lesão por pressão após intervenção educativa com percentuais maiores que 90%. Conclusões: A intervenção educativa foi efetiva e evidenciou alterações significativas na mudança de conhecimento teórico científico pós-aprendizagem dos profissionais de enfermagem

Cell organisation, sulphur metabolism and ion transport-related genes are differentially expressed in <it>Paracoccidioides brasiliensis </it>mycelium and yeast cells

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Mycelium-to-yeast transition in the human host is essential for pathogenicity by the fungus <it>Paracoccidioides brasiliensis </it>and both cell types are therefore critical to the establishment of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), a systemic mycosis endemic to Latin America. The infected population is of about 10 million individuals, 2% of whom will eventually develop the disease. Previously, transcriptome analysis of mycelium and yeast cells resulted in the assembly of 6,022 sequence groups. Gene expression analysis, using both <it>in silico </it>EST subtraction and cDNA microarray, revealed genes that were differential to yeast or mycelium, and we discussed those involved in sugar metabolism. To advance our understanding of molecular mechanisms of dimorphic transition, we performed an extended analysis of gene expression profiles using the methods mentioned above.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this work, continuous data mining revealed 66 new differentially expressed sequences that were MIPS(Munich Information Center for Protein Sequences)-categorised according to the cellular process in which they are presumably involved. Two well represented classes were chosen for further analysis: (i) control of cell organisation – cell wall, membrane and cytoskeleton, whose representatives were <it>hex </it>(encoding for a hexagonal peroxisome protein), <it>bgl </it>(encoding for a 1,3-β-glucosidase) in mycelium cells; and <it>ags </it>(an α-1,3-glucan synthase), <it>cda </it>(a chitin deacetylase) and <it>vrp </it>(a verprolin) in yeast cells; (ii) ion metabolism and transport – two genes putatively implicated in ion transport were confirmed to be highly expressed in mycelium cells – <it>isc </it>and <it>ktp</it>, respectively an iron-sulphur cluster-like protein and a cation transporter; and a putative P-type cation pump (<it>pct</it>) in yeast. Also, several enzymes from the cysteine <it>de novo </it>biosynthesis pathway were shown to be up regulated in the yeast form, including ATP sulphurylase, APS kinase and also PAPS reductase.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Taken together, these data show that several genes involved in cell organisation and ion metabolism/transport are expressed differentially along dimorphic transition. Hyper expression in yeast of the enzymes of sulphur metabolism reinforced that this metabolic pathway could be important for this process. Understanding these changes by functional analysis of such genes may lead to a better understanding of the infective process, thus providing new targets and strategies to control PCM.</p

Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil

Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora

Implementation of a Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional (BALANCE) Program for improvement on quality of diet and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events: A randomized, multicenter trial

Background: Appropriate dietary recommendations represent a key part of secondary prevention in cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated the effectiveness of the implementation of a nutritional program on quality of diet, cardiovascular events, and death in patients with established CVD. Methods: In this open-label, multicenter trial conducted in 35 sites in Brazil, we randomly assigned (1:1) patients aged 45 years or older to receive either the BALANCE Program (experimental group) or conventional nutrition advice (control group). The BALANCE Program included a unique nutritional education strategy to implement recommendations from guidelines, adapted to the use of affordable and regional foods. Adherence to diet was evaluated by the modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index. The primary end point was a composite of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, stroke, myocardial revascularization, amputation, or hospitalization for unstable angina. Secondary end points included biochemical and anthropometric data, and blood pressure levels. Results: From March 5, 2013, to Abril 7, 2015, a total of 2534 eligible patients were randomly assigned to either the BALANCE Program group (n = 1,266) or the control group (n = 1,268) and were followed up for a median of 3.5 years. In total, 235 (9.3%) participants had been lost to follow-up. After 3 years of follow-up, mean modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index (scale 0-70) was only slightly higher in the BALANCE group versus the control group (26.2 ± 8.4 vs 24.7 ± 8.6, P <.01), mainly due to a 0.5-serving/d greater intake of fruits and of vegetables in the BALANCE group. Primary end point events occurred in 236 participants (18.8%) in the BALANCE group and in 207 participants (16.4%) in the control group (hazard ratio, 1.15; 95% CI 0.95-1.38; P =.15). Secondary end points did not differ between groups after follow-up. Conclusions: The BALANCE Program only slightly improved adherence to a healthy diet in patients with established CVD and had no significant effect on the incidence of cardiovascular events or death. © 2019 The Author

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved