4,206 research outputs found
Role of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Clinical Trials: Recommendations on Reporting.
Thanks to significant improvements in the precision, accuracy, and usability of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), its relevance in both ambulatory diabetes care and clinical research is increasing. In this study, we address the latter perspective and derive provisional reporting recommendations. CGM systems have been available since around the year 2000 and used primarily in people with type 1 diabetes. In contrast to self-measured glucose, CGM can provide continuous real-time measurement of glucose levels, alerts for hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, and a detailed assessment of glycemic variability. Through a broad spectrum of derived glucose data, CGM should be a useful tool for clinical evaluation of new glucose-lowering medications and strategies. It is the only technology that can measure hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic exposure in ambulatory care, or provide data for comprehensive assessment of glucose variability. Other advantages of current CGM systems include the opportunity for improved self-management of glycemic control, with particular relevance to those at higher risk of or from hypoglycemia. We therefore summarize the current status and limitations of CGM from the perspective of clinical trials and derive suggested recommendations for how these should facilitate optimal CGM use and reporting of data in clinical research
Phase diagram of two-component bosons on an optical lattice
We present a theoretical analysis of the phase diagram of two--component
bosons on an optical lattice. A new formalism is developed which treats the
effective spin interactions in the Mott and superfluid phases on the same
footing. Using the new approach we chart the phase boundaries of the broken
spin symmetry states up to the Mott to superfluid transition and beyond. Near
the transition point, the magnitude of spin exchange can be very large, which
facilitates the experimental realization of spin-ordered states. We find that
spin and quantum fluctuations have a dramatic effect on the transition making
it first order in extended regions of the phase diagram. For Mott states with
even occupation we find that the competition between effective Heisenberg
exchange and spin-dependent on--site interaction leads to an additional phase
transition from a Mott insulator with no broken symmetries into a spin-ordered
insulator
Many-Body Physics with Ultracold Gases
This article reviews recent experimental and theoretical progress on
many-body phenomena in dilute, ultracold gases. Its focus are effects beyond
standard weak-coupling descriptions, like the Mott-Hubbard-transition in
optical lattices, strongly interacting gases in one and two dimensions or
lowest Landau level physics in quasi two-dimensional gases in fast rotation.
Strong correlations in fermionic gases are discussed in optical lattices or
near Feshbach resonances in the BCS-BEC crossover.Comment: revised version, accepted for publication in Rev. Mod. Phy
Relativistic quantum effects of Dirac particles simulated by ultracold atoms
Quantum simulation is a powerful tool to study a variety of problems in
physics, ranging from high-energy physics to condensed-matter physics. In this
article, we review the recent theoretical and experimental progress in quantum
simulation of Dirac equation with tunable parameters by using ultracold neutral
atoms trapped in optical lattices or subject to light-induced synthetic gauge
fields. The effective theories for the quasiparticles become relativistic under
certain conditions in these systems, making them ideal platforms for studying
the exotic relativistic effects. We focus on the realization of one, two, and
three dimensional Dirac equations as well as the detection of some relativistic
effects, including particularly the well-known Zitterbewegung effect and Klein
tunneling. The realization of quantum anomalous Hall effects is also briefly
discussed.Comment: 22 pages, review article in Frontiers of Physics: Proceedings on
Quantum Dynamics of Ultracold Atom
WormQTL-public archive and analysis web portal for natural variation data in Caenorhabditis spp
Here, we present WormQTL (http://www.wormqtl.org), an easily accessible database enabling search, comparative analysis and meta-analysis of all data on variation in Caenorhabditis spp. Over the past decade, Caenorhabditis elegans has become instrumental for molecular quantitative genetics and the systems biology of natural variation. These efforts have resulted in a valuable amount of phenotypic, high-throughput molecular and genotypic data across different developmental worm stages and environments in hundreds of C. elegans strains. WormQTL provides a workbench of analysis tools for genotype-phenotype linkage and association mapping based on but not limited to R/qtl (http://www.rqtl.org). All data can be uploaded and downloaded using simple delimited text or Excel formats and are accessible via a public web user interface for biologists and R statistic and web service interfaces for bioinformaticians, based on open source MOLGENIS and xQTL workbench software. WormQTL welcomes data submissions from other worm researcher
Genotype-dependent lifespan effects in peptone deprived Caenorhabditis elegans
Dietary restriction appears to act as a general non-genetic mechanism that can robustly prolong lifespan. There have however been reports in many systems of cases where restricted food intake either shortens, or does not affect, lifespan. Here we analyze lifespan and the effect of food restriction via deprived peptone levels on lifespan in wild isolates and introgression lines (ILs) of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. These analyses identify genetic variation in lifespan, in the effect of this variation in diet on lifespan and also in the likelihood of maternal, matricidal, hatching. Importantly, in the wild isolates and the ILs, we identify genotypes in which peptone deprivation mediated dietary restriction reduces lifespan. We also identify, in recombinant inbred lines, a locus that affects maternal hatching, a phenotype closely linked to dietary restriction in C. elegans. These results indicate that peptone deprivation mediated dietary restriction affects lifespan in C. elegans in a genotype-dependent manner, reducing lifespan in some genotypes. This may operate by a mechanism similar to dietary restriction
Observation of two new baryon resonances
Two structures are observed close to the kinematic threshold in the mass spectrum in a sample of proton-proton collision data, corresponding
to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb recorded by the LHCb experiment.
In the quark model, two baryonic resonances with quark content are
expected in this mass region: the spin-parity and
states, denoted and .
Interpreting the structures as these resonances, we measure the mass
differences and the width of the heavier state to be
MeV,
MeV,
MeV, where the first and second
uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. The width of the
lighter state is consistent with zero, and we place an upper limit of
MeV at 95% confidence level. Relative
production rates of these states are also reported.Comment: 17 pages, 2 figure
Measurement of the mass and lifetime of the baryon
A proton-proton collision data sample, corresponding to an integrated
luminosity of 3 fb collected by LHCb at and 8 TeV, is used
to reconstruct , decays. Using the , decay mode for calibration, the lifetime ratio and absolute
lifetime of the baryon are measured to be \begin{align*}
\frac{\tau_{\Omega_b^-}}{\tau_{\Xi_b^-}} &= 1.11\pm0.16\pm0.03, \\
\tau_{\Omega_b^-} &= 1.78\pm0.26\pm0.05\pm0.06~{\rm ps}, \end{align*} where the
uncertainties are statistical, systematic and from the calibration mode (for
only). A measurement is also made of the mass difference,
, and the corresponding mass, which
yields \begin{align*} m_{\Omega_b^-}-m_{\Xi_b^-} &= 247.4\pm3.2\pm0.5~{\rm
MeV}/c^2, \\ m_{\Omega_b^-} &= 6045.1\pm3.2\pm 0.5\pm0.6~{\rm MeV}/c^2.
\end{align*} These results are consistent with previous measurements.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, All figures and tables, along with any
supplementary material and additional information, are available at
https://lhcbproject.web.cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/LHCbProjectPublic/LHCb-PAPER-2016-008.htm
Constraints on the unitarity triangle angle from Dalitz plot analysis of decays
The first study is presented of CP violation with an amplitude analysis of
the Dalitz plot of decays, with , and . The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to
of collisions collected with the LHCb detector. No
significant CP violation effect is seen, and constraints are placed on the
angle of the unitarity triangle formed from elements of the
Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa quark mixing matrix. Hadronic parameters associated
with the decay are determined for the first time. These
measurements can be used to improve the sensitivity to of existing and
future studies of the decay.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and
additional information, are available at
https://lhcbproject.web.cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/LHCbProjectPublic/LHCb-PAPER-2015-059.html;
updated to correct figure 9 (numerical results unchanged
Search for hidden-sector bosons in decays
A search is presented for hidden-sector bosons, , produced in the decay
, with and
. The search is performed using -collision data
corresponding to 3.0 fb collected with the LHCb detector. No significant
signal is observed in the accessible mass range
MeV, and upper limits are placed on the branching fraction product
as
a function of the mass and lifetime of the boson. These limits are of
the order of for lifetimes less than 100 ps over most of the
range, and place the most stringent constraints to date on many
theories that predict the existence of additional low-mass bosons.Comment: All figures and tables, along with supplementary material, are
available at
https://lhcbproject.web.cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/LHCbProjectPublic/LHCb-PAPER-2015-036.htm
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