بررسی وضعیت سلامت معنوی دانشجویان پردیس خودگردان دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمانشاه در سال 1395

Background and Objective: Spiritual well-being is regarded both as one of the major dimensions of health among human beings and a prominent approach to improving public health. So, given the significance of this aspect of health, the present study aimed to Examining the status of spiritual health among students at the autonomous campus of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in 2016. Method: In this descriptive and analytical study, the statistical population comprised 346 students at the autonomous campus, Dentistry and Pharmaceuticals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in 2016, and all of them were selected by census method in the study. For data collection, the 20-item spiritual well-being scale by Paloutzian & Ellison (1982) was utilized. To analyze data, the t-test and ANOVA were employed. All ethical issues were observed. Moreover, the authors did not report conflict of interest. Results: The results of the present study revealed that the spiritual well-being of students was average (71.86±4.84), and of all demographic variables under study, only the variable of gender was correlated with the mean score of spiritual well-being. Furthermore, the students’ scores of religious well-being measured higher than that of their existential well-being. Conclusion: According to the dominant religious culture in Iranian society, expected influences of religious as a compatibility source is normal. Therefore, it is necessary for the protection of young people pay attention to their spiritual dimension, to witness the impact of such care and create a sense of peace and healing in patients.   Please cite this article as: Ziapour A, Kianipour N, Saeidi Sh, Zangeneh A. Examining the status of spiritual health among students at the autonomous campus of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in 2016. J Res Relig Health. 2017; 3(2): 8- 19.سابقه و هدف: سلامت معنوی، یکی از بُعدهای مهم سلامت در انسان و رویکردی مهم در ارتقای سلامت عمومی محسوب می­شود. با توجه به اهمیت نقش این بُعد سلامت، پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی وضعیت سلامت معنوی دانشجویان پردیس خودگردان دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمانشاه در سال 1395 صورت گرفته است روش کار: این پژوهش از نوع توصیفی- تحلیلی است. جامعه­ی پژوهش شامل 346 نفر از دانشجویان پردیس خودگردان (پزشکی، دندانپزشکی و داروسازی) دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمانشاه در سال 95 است، که به­روش سرشماری انتخاب شدند. ابزار جمع­آوری داده­ها پرسش­نامه­ی 20 سؤالی استاندارد معنوی (alutzian-Elison) بود. داده­ها پس از جمع­آوری با استفاده از آزمون پارامتریک T-test و نیز آزمون تحلیل واریانس، تجزیه و تحلیل شد. در این پژوهش همه‌ی موارد اخلاقی رعایت شده است. علاوه‌براین، نویسندگان مقاله هیچ‌گونه تضاد منافعی گزارش نکرده‌اند. یافته‌ها: یافته­ها نشان داده که از بین متغیّرهای جمعیت­شناختی (جنس، سن، محل تولد، وضعیت تأهل، وضعیت مسکن، ترم و رشته­ی تحصيلي) فقط متغیّر جنس با میانگین نمره­ی سلامت معنوی ارتباط معناداری دارد و نمره­ی سلامت مذهبی دانشجویان بالاتر از نمره­ی سلامت وجودی آنان است. نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به فرهنگ غالب مذهبی در جامعه­ی ایرانی، انتظار تأثیرهای مذهبی که منبع سازگاری محسوب می­شود، طبیعی است. ازاین­رو، ضرورت دارد که در حمایت از جوانان به بُعد معنوی آنان توجه شود، تا شاهد تأثیر این­گونه مراقبت­ها و ایجاد احساس آرامش و تسریع بهبودی در بیماران باشیم.   استناد مقاله به این صورت است: Ziapour A, Kianipour N, Saeidi Sh, Zangeneh A. Examining the status of spiritual health among students at the autonomous campus of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in 2016. J Res Relig Health. 2017; 3(2): 8- 19

Examining the status of spiritual health among students at the autonomous campus of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in 2016

For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Background and Objective: Spiritual well-being is regarded both as one of the major dimensions of health among human beings and a prominent approach to improving public health. So, given the significance of this aspect of health, the present study aimed to Examining the status of spiritual health among students at the autonomous campus of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in 2016.Method: In this descriptive and analytical study, the statistical population comprised 346 students at the autonomous campus, Dentistry and Pharmaceuticals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in 2016, and all of them were selected by census method in the study. For data collection, the 20-item spiritual well-being scale by Paloutzian & Ellison (1982) was utilized. To analyze data, the t-test and ANOVA were employed. All ethical issues were observed. Moreover, the authors did not report conflict of interest.Results: The results of the present study revealed that the spiritual well-being of students was average (71.86±4.84), and of all demographic variables under study, only the variable of gender was correlated with the mean score of spiritual well-being. Furthermore, the students’ scores of religious well-being measured higher than that of their existential well-being.Conclusion: According to the dominant religious culture in Iranian society, expected influences of religious as a compatibility source is normal. Therefore, it is necessary for the protection of young people pay attention to their spiritual dimension, to witness the impact of such care and create a sense of peace and healing in patients.For downloading the full-text of this article please click here

Relationship between the Subscales of Mental Health and Spiritual Health in Staff of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in 2016

For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Background and Objective: Spiritual health is a valuable asset that affects humans’ mental health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the mental health and spiritual health among the staff of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in 2016.Method: In this cross-sectional study, 267 employees of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences were surveyed by simple random sampling. The data collection tools included Goldenberg’s General Health Questionnaire and Paloutzian and Ellison’s Spiritual Well-Being Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson product moment correlation. In this research, all ethical issues were observed. In addition, the authors did not report any conflict of interests.Results: According to the results of the study, the mean mental health score was 2.98, while the mean score of spiritual health was 3.62. In addition, there was a significant correlation between the mental and spiritual health (r=0.324). Considering the subscales of mental health, spiritual health registered the highest and lowest correlations with depression and physical symptoms respectively.Conclusion: Improving the mental health of the effective and constructive population of the society is necessary for the dynamism, prosperity and promotion of the society. Spiritual health affects the university staff's mental health. Therefore, planning to promote it is an important issue that should be considered by the relevant authorities and policy makers.For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Please cite this article as: Ziapour A, GhaderiA, VafapoorH, Yazdani V, Saeidi Sh, Zangeneh AR. Relationship between the Subscales of Mental Health and Spiritual Health in Staff of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in 2016. J Res Relig Health. 2018; 4(3): 34- 44

Investigating geographical accessibility and site suitability of medical laboratories in Kermanshah-Iran

IntroductionOne of the major challenges in developing countries is the inappropriate spatial distribution of medical laboratory centers (MLCs) which can lead to injustice in access to health services. This study aimed to investigate the accessibility to and site suitability of MLCs in Kermanshah Metropolis by GIS.Materials and methodsIn this cross-sectional study, data were collected from the Iran Statistical Center and Deputy of Treatment of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. We used Arc/GIS 10.6 software, AHP technique, and network analysis tools to determine the access status of Kermanshah citizens to MLCs in 2019 and site selection for MLCs. The layers used in this study included population density, city development trends, compatible and incompatible land uses, pathways, land slope, river area, and access radius.ResultsAbout 70% of households had inappropriate access to all MLCs in walking scenario. This ratio was 31.26% for 5 min, 9.58% for 10 min, and 6.09% for 15 min driving. Comparisons between public and private MLCs showed that in walking scenario, 88% of households had improper access to public and 80% to private MLCs. Based on 5 and 10 min of driving, 57 and 19% of households had inappropriate access to public MLCs, and 45 and 17% to private MLCs, respectively. Also, with 15 min of driving, 8% of households had improper access to public and 18% to private MLCs. Findings showed that scores provided for population density criteria were (0.298), distance from existing laboratories (0.213), proximity to pathways (0.175), consistent land use (0.129), city development trend (0.087), distance from riverfront (0.053), distance from incompatible land uses (0.015), and land slope (0.03). The final model was obtained by overlaying the layers. The model showed a 9-degree range from very bad to very good in Kermanshah city for the construction of laboratory centers (CR<0.01).ConclusionThe site selection model showed that the location of the proposed centers can be in the north and outskirts of the city to facilitate citizens' access to the MLCs. These results emphasize the justice in the spatial distribution of MLCs for the benefit of deprived populations as a global value

Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the posterior distribution. Findings: Global health has steadily improved over the past 30 years as measured by age-standardised DALY rates. After taking into account population growth and ageing, the absolute number of DALYs has remained stable. Since 2010, the pace of decline in global age-standardised DALY rates has accelerated in age groups younger than 50 years compared with the 1990–2010 time period, with the greatest annualised rate of decline occurring in the 0–9-year age group. Six infectious diseases were among the top ten causes of DALYs in children younger than 10 years in 2019: lower respiratory infections (ranked second), diarrhoeal diseases (third), malaria (fifth), meningitis (sixth), whooping cough (ninth), and sexually transmitted infections (which, in this age group, is fully accounted for by congenital syphilis; ranked tenth). In adolescents aged 10–24 years, three injury causes were among the top causes of DALYs: road injuries (ranked first), self-harm (third), and interpersonal violence (fifth). Five of the causes that were in the top ten for ages 10–24 years were also in the top ten in the 25–49-year age group: road injuries (ranked first), HIV/AIDS (second), low back pain (fourth), headache disorders (fifth), and depressive disorders (sixth). In 2019, ischaemic heart disease and stroke were the top-ranked causes of DALYs in both the 50–74-year and 75-years-and-older age groups. Since 1990, there has been a marked shift towards a greater proportion of burden due to YLDs from non-communicable diseases and injuries. In 2019, there were 11 countries where non-communicable disease and injury YLDs constituted more than half of all disease burden. Decreases in age-standardised DALY rates have accelerated over the past decade in countries at the lower end of the SDI range, while improvements have started to stagnate or even reverse in countries with higher SDI. Interpretation: As disability becomes an increasingly large component of disease burden and a larger component of health expenditure, greater research and developm nt investment is needed to identify new, more effective intervention strategies. With a rapidly ageing global population, the demands on health services to deal with disabling outcomes, which increase with age, will require policy makers to anticipate these changes. The mix of universal and more geographically specific influences on health reinforces the need for regular reporting on population health in detail and by underlying cause to help decision makers to identify success stories of disease control to emulate, as well as opportunities to improve. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licens

A counterexample to the article “On the fixed points of affine nonexpansive mappings”

We give a counterexample to the article “On the fixed points of affine nonexpansive mappings” (2001)

Approximating Common Fixed Points of Lipschitzian Semigroup in Smooth Banach Spaces

Abstract Let be a left amenable semigroup, let be a representation of as Lipschitzian mappings from a nonempty compact convex subset of a smooth Banach space into with a uniform Lipschitzian condition, let be a strongly left regular sequence of means defined on an -stable subspace of , let be a contraction on , and let , , and be sequences in (0, 1) such that , for all . Let , for all . Then, under suitable hypotheses on the constants, we show that converges strongly to some in , the set of common fixed points of , which is the unique solution of the variational inequality , for all .</p