Modeling Marshall stability of steel fiber reinforced asphalt concrete by genetic expression programming

This study presents the potential of Genetic Expression Programming (GEP) computing paradigm to forecast the Marshall Stability of steel fiber reinforced asphalt concrete and has various mix proportions has been developed. Experimental details were used to construct the model. The steel fiber content (0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5%), percentage of bitumen (5%, 5.5% and 6.0%) and unit weights (2,465-2,515 (gr/cm3)) was used as input variables and Marshall Stability (kg) values were used as output variables. The performance of models was comprehensively judged using several statistical verification tools. Results have shown that developed GEP model has a strong potential for predicting the Marshall Stability of asphalt concrete without performing any experimental studies

Modeling Marshall stability of lightweight asphalt concretes fabricated using expanded clay aggregate with anfis

In this study, an Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) model for predicting the Marshall Stability (MS) of lightweight asphalt concrete containing expanded clay (EC) and has various mix proportions has been developed. Experimental details were used to construct the model. The amount of bitumen (%), transition speed of ultrasound (μs) and unit weight (gr/cm3) were used as input variables and Marshall Stability (kg) values were used as output variables. Statistical equations were used to evaluate the Developed ANFIS model. Results showed that developed ANFIS model has strong potential to predict Marshall Stability of asphalt concrete using related inputs in a short time. Also the Marshall Stability of asphalt concrete containing expanded clay and has various mix proportions can be found without performing any experiments

Procjena emisije ugljičnog monoksida iz ispušnog otvora motorne pile

In many countries, two-stroke chainsaws have been actively used in forest operations. Chainsaw operators are exposed to harmful gases and particulates generated by the exhaust of the two-stroke hand-held chainsaw. In this study, carbon monoxide (CO) parts per million (ppm) exposure of operators working with a chainsaw at 1900-2000 revolutions per minute (rpm) was investigated by mixing oil-fuel at a ratio of Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) 10W motor oil (2.5%) and 95-octane unleaded gasoline. To investigate the presence of CO at a short distance, the relationship between exposure time and distance from the source were divided into groups. The result of the statistical analysis has shown that the average amount of CO emitted from the chainsaw was 1683 ppm at a distance of 0 (±4 cm) cm, 343.6 ppm at a 10 cm distance, 252.3 ppm at a 20 cm distance and 86.5 ppm at a 30 cm distance. The analysis of variance, according to the distance, has shown the amount of CO (ppm) to be statistically significant (p <0.05). If the chainsaw operator is working very close to the chainsaw, CO exposure will be observed, which translates to a negative impact on their health and work efficiency. Therefore, training should be conducted to increase the awareness of the proximity to the chainsaw and the operators and the importance of using personal protective equipment. In addition to training support, the use of the new generation of chainsaw engines should also be encouraged and promoted to minimize CO emissions.U mnogim zemljama motorne pile sa dvotaktnim benzinskim motorom aktivno se koriste u šumama. Rukovatelji motornom pilom izloženi su štetnim plinovima i česticama koje su sastavni dio ispušnih plinova takvih motornih pila. U ovoj studiji, istraživana je izloženost operatera ugljičnom monoksidu -CO- (ppm) prilikom rada s motornom pilom u režimu rada od 1900-2000 okretaja u minuti (o/min). Pri istraživanju je kao pogonsko gorivo korištena mješavina bezolovnog benzina od 95 oktana i motornog ulja gradacije SAE 10W u iznosu od 2%. Kako bi se istražila prisutnost CO na malim udaljenostima, odnos između vremena izloženosti i udaljenosti do izvora emisije podijeljen je u skupine. Rezultat statističke analize pokazao je da je prosječna količina CO emitirana iz motorne pile bila 1683 ppm na udaljenosti od 0 cm (±4 cm), 343,6 ppm na udaljenosti od 10 cm, 252,3 ppm na udaljenosti od 20 cm i 86,5 ppm na udaljenosti od 30 cm. Analiza varijance prema udaljenosti pokazala je da je količina CO (ppm) statistički značajna (p<0,05). Ako rukovatelj motornom pilom radi vrlo blizu motorne pile, primijetit će se izloženost CO, što se smatra negativnim utjecajem na njihovo zdravlje i radnu učinkovitost. Stoga treba provesti obuku kako bi se povećala svijest o blizini motorne pile i rukovatelja te o važnosti korištenja osobne zaštitne opreme. Uz podršku pri obuci, korištenje nove generacije pogonskih motora motornih pila također treba poticati i promicati kako bi se emisije CO svele na minimum

YOL AGREGALARINDA NANOTEKNOLOJİ KULLANIMI

Ülkemizde halen yapılmakta olan bölünmüş yolların inşaatında sathi kaplama kullanılmaya devam etmektedir. Bununla beraber, Karayolları Genel Müdürlüğü (KGM) bir yandan da bölünmüş yollardaki sathi kaplamaları bitümlü sıcak karışıma (BSK) dönüştürmeye de başlamıştır. Bu durum ülkemizde BSK konusunda yapılacak imalatları ve akademik araştırmaları da artıracaktır. Asfalt betonu karışımlar agrega ve bitüm ile imal edilirler. Agrega olarak genellikle kireçtaşı ve son yıllarda bazalt kullanılmaktadır. Bitüm olarak ise, TÜPRAŞ ve diğer rafinerilerden elde edilen çeşitli penetrasyon ve viskozitelerde bitüm kullanılmaktadır. BSK dayanımını artırma çalışmalarında sadece agrega türü ve bitüm özellikleri dikkate alınmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, yol agregalarında nano teknoloji kullanımı anlatılmıştır. Nano teknoloji ile birlikte plazma kaplama yöntemlerinden bahsedilmiştir. Sonuç olarak nano teknolojinin üstyapı malzemeleri alanında kullanılabilirliği ortaya çıkarılmıştır

Geleneksel Asfalt Beton ve Genleştirilmiş Kil Agrega ile Üretilmiş Hafif Asfalt Betonun Çok Yönlü Karşılaştırılması

Bu çalışmada kırma taş agrega (KTA) kullanılarak geleneksel olarak üretilmiş asfalt beton numuneler ve yapay bir hafif agrega olan genleştirilmiş kil agrega (GKA) ile üretilmiş hafif asfalt beton numuneler üzerinde çok yönlü incelemeler yapılarak bir takım özellikler karşılaştırılmıştır. Üretilen numuneler üzerinde öncelikle bazı fiziksel deneyler yapılmış ve her bir numunenin fiziksel özelliği tayin edilmiştir. Daha sonra tahribatlı ve tahribatsız bir takım deneyler ile numunelerin mekanik özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Tüm bu deneyler ve son olarak da malzeme kullanımı ve temini gibi durumlar göz önünde bulundurularak ekonomik, fiziksel ve mekanik özellikler karşılaştırılmış ve sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir

Estimation of specific gravity with penetration and penetration index parameters by artificial neural network

Specific Gravity of the bitumen changes according to the ambient temperature. Different specific gravity values can be calculated at different temperature. Estimating models like Artificial Neural Network – ANN could be very useful to obtain the specific gravity value uniform. Specific gravity values obtained from Long-Term Pavement Performance – LTPP were estimated with artificial neural networks. Penetration and Penetration Index of binder were used for estimating the specific gravity of the bitumen. As a result, ANN get 84% of R2 between obtained and estimated values

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Search for stop and higgsino production using diphoton Higgs boson decays

Results are presented of a search for a "natural" supersymmetry scenario with gauge mediated symmetry breaking. It is assumed that only the supersymmetric partners of the top-quark (stop) and the Higgs boson (higgsino) are accessible. Events are examined in which there are two photons forming a Higgs boson candidate, and at least two b-quark jets. In 19.7 inverse femtobarns of proton-proton collision data at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV, recorded in the CMS experiment, no evidence of a signal is found and lower limits at the 95% confidence level are set, excluding the stop mass below 360 to 410 GeV, depending on the higgsino mass