54 research outputs found
Formulations of Plant Growth-Promoting Microbes for Field Applications
Development of a plant growth-promoting (PGP) microbe needs several steps starting with isolation of a pure culture, screening of its PGP or antagonistic traits by means of different efficacy bioassays performed in vitro, in vivo or in trials under greenhouse and/or field conditions. In order to maximize the potential of an efficient PGP microbe, it is essential to optimize mass multiplication protocols that promote product quality and quantity and a product formulation that enhances bioactivity, preserves shelf life and aids product delivery. Selection of formulation is very crucial as it can determine the success or failure of a PGP microbe. A good carrier material should be able to deliver the right number of viable cells in good physiological conditions, easy to use and economically affordable by the farmers. Several carrier materials have been used in formulation that include peat, talc, charcoal, cellulose powder, farm yard manure, vermicompost and compost, lignite, bagasse and press mud. Each formulation has its advantages and disadvantages but the peat based carrier material is widely used in different part of the world. This chapter gives a comprehensive analysis of different formulations and the quality of inoculants available in the market, with a case study conducted in five-states of India
Edible films and coatings as carriers of living microorganisms: a new strategy towards biopreservation and healthier foods
Edible films and coatings have been extensively studied in recent years due to their unique properties and advantages over more traditional conservation techniques. Edible films and coatings improve shelf life and food quality, by providing a protective barrier against physical and mechanical damage, and by creating a controlled atmosphere and acting as a semipermeable barrier for gases, vapor, and water. Edible films and coatings are produced using naturally derived materials, such as polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids, or a mixture of these materials. These films and coatings also offer the possibility of incorporating different functional ingredients such as nutraceuticals, antioxidants, antimicrobials, flavoring, and coloring agents. Films and coatings are also able to incorporate living microorganisms. In the last decade, several works reported the incorporation of bacteria to confer probiotic or antimicrobial properties to these films and coatings. The incorporation of probiotic bacteria in films and coatings allows them to reach the consumers gut in adequate amounts to confer health benefits to the host, thus creating an added value to the food product. Also, other microorganisms, either bacteria or yeast, can be incorporated into edible films in a biocontrol approach to extend the shelf life of food products. The incorporation of yeasts in films and coatings has been suggested primarily for the control of the postharvest disease. This work provides a comprehensive review of the use of edible films and coatings for the incorporation of living microorganisms, aiming at the biopreservation and probiotic ability of food products.Ana Guimaraes received support through grant SFRH/BD/
103245/2014 from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and
Technology (FCT). Luís Abrunhosa was supported by grant
UMINHO/BPD/51/2015 from project UID/BIO/04469/2013
financed by FCT/MEC (OE). This study was supported by FCT
under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013
unit and COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684),
and of BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER000004)
funded by European Regional Development Fund under
the scope of Norte2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do
Norte. Vectors used in Figure were designed by Freepik.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Effects of Some Bacillus sp. Isolates on Fusarium spp. in vitro and Potato Tuber Dry Rot Development in vivo
Temporal expression of genes encoding free radical-metabolizing enzymes is associated with higher mRNA levels during in utero development in mice
Comparison of Sampling and Detection Methods for Chinook Salmon and Steelhead Naturally Infected with Myxobolus cerebralis
Antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation as biomarker for potato tuber stored by two essential oils from Caraway and Clove and its main component carvone and eugenol
Efficiency of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peels extract as a high potential natural tool towards Fusarium dry rot on potato tubers
Survival of Whirling-Disease-Resistant Rainbow Trout Fry in the Wild: A Comparison of Two Strains
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