MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Mammals in Portugal: a data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in Portugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with ~26% of all species being included in the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associated with habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mammals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion for marine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems functionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is crucial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublished georeferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mammals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira that includes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occurring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live observations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%), bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent less than 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrows | soil mounds | tunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animal | hair | skulls | jaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8), observation in shelters, (9) photo trapping | video, (10) predators diet | pellets | pine cones/nuts, (11) scat | track | ditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalization | echolocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and 100 m (76%). Rodentia (n =31,573) has the highest number of records followed by Chiroptera (n = 18,857), Carnivora (n = 18,594), Lagomorpha (n = 17,496), Cetartiodactyla (n = 11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n = 7008). The data set includes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened (e.g., Oryctolagus cuniculus [n = 12,159], Monachus monachus [n = 1,512], and Lynx pardinus [n = 197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate the publication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contribute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting on the development of more accurate and tailored conservation management strategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications

Relatório estágio profissional

Relatório final do estágio profissionalizante do 6.º an

Estudo Storytelling: Pela voz e criatividade de profissionais das áreas da saúde

Contar histórias, ou partilhar uma perspetiva pessoal, é uma forma essencial de comunicação e um veículo de ligação humana. Os seres humanos são intrinsecamente narradores de histórias. As histórias são uma das formas fundamentais de dar sentido ao mundo, aprender e compreender. A leitura de narrativas - storytelling - permite, nas áreas da saúde, um efeito muito positivo. O storytelling tem provado que, através da narrativa e da associação a elementos que fortalecem a imaginação, os seus destinatários compreendem melhor a mensagem porque esta fica associada à criatividade, imaginação e a um certo humor, levando as pessoas a agirem mais facilmente. Partindo do princípio que se pretende que as pessoas compreendam melhor como gerir a sua saúde em todo o seu ciclo de vida, o storytelling consegue captar a atenção, de uma forma simples e acessível, trabalhando as memórias, a intenção de comportamento, o envolvimento e, por fim, a ação conducente a uma melhor saúde. Neste sentido, um grupo ativo de vinte profissionais das áreas da saúde juntou-se para oferecer ao público estas narrativas escritas e orais (podcast) com conteúdos sobre saúde: vacinação, medicação, exercício físico e longevidade. O objetivo deste projeto foi tratar de assuntos de saúde através da narração de histórias do dia-a-dia que podem ser contadas e passadas em vários ambientes de saúde, desde hospitais, clínicas, unidades de saúde e outros espaços. Neste âmbito, através de uma metodologia qualitativa de cocriação, foi criado um podcast que reúne, pela primeira vez, um projeto de storytelling feito por profissionais das várias áreas da saúde no âmbito da área da literacia em saúde na prática, constituído por sete histórias narradas, de acordo com os princípios do storytelling, com o intuito de contribuir para melhores resultados em saúde através da melhoria do bem-estar de quem as ouve. As narrações sobre saúde, contadas de modo a estimular a fantasia e a agradabilidade da audição, poderão ser uma ferramenta promotora de um melhor acesso, compreensão e uso da informação em saúde, que conduz a melhores tomadas de decisão e, por isso, melhores resultados em saúde. O que tem de inovação é a capacidade transformadora que os profissionais das áreas da saúde têm para desenvolver, para além das competências técnicas, as suas competências relacionais e criativas que visam melhorar a saúde das pessoas e tornar este mundo complexo da saúde mais acessível. As implicações práticas deste projeto visam estimular e incentivar outros profissionais das áreas da saúde, sociais e da educação a contribuírem com o seu talento, criatividade e imaginação a criarem narrativas que, juntando a emoção e a razão, permitam uma melhor literacia em saúde do cidadão.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Relatório vacinação estratégias de comunicação e literacia em saúde eficazes para população jovem

Um conjunto de duas dezenas de profissionais portugueses de várias áreas da saúde refletiu em conjunto sobre as questões que levam os jovens a não se interessarem pela vacinação contra o COVID-19 e a forma mais eficaz de se ultrapassarem estas crenças negativas e barreiras à vacinação. As preocupações destes jovens sobre os efeitos seguros da vacinação, a proteção de familiares e amigos e o regresso às atividades sociais parecem ser fatores motivadores para a ação de vacinação e proteção. Neste sentido, e reunindo o conhecimento sobre as campanhas de marketing em saúde e os conteúdos comunicativos que podem influenciar positivamente esta mobilização para a vacinação, estes profissionais apresentam neste relatório um conjunto de dados científicos, estratégicos e operacionais que podem apontar alguns caminhos. Este grupo de trabalho avaliou o perfil dos jovens (dados demográficos e psicográficos), as crenças, as necessidades, a perceção do risco e as motivações que podem ser atendidas para que se criem, com a brevidade possível, através dos recursos públicos e das autoridades sanitárias, onde se inclui a Direção-Geral da Saúde (DGS), formas de melhor promover os objetivos inequívocos: vacinar a população jovem em Portugal com a brevidade possível.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data