LAPORAN INDIVIDU PRAKTIK PENGALAMAN LAPANGAN (PPL) SMP NEGERI 1 TURI Jalan Turi Pakem, Desa Donokerto, Kecamatan Turi, Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Telp. (0274) 896673, Kode Pos 55551

Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (UNY) merupakan salah satu LPTK yang memiliki fungsi untuk mendidik calon guru dan tenaga kependidikan yang profesional. Dalam rangka menyiapkan calon guru yang profesional, maka mahasiswa perlu melakukan kegiatan Praktik Pengalaman Lapangan (PPL) Mata kuliah Praktik Pengalaman Lapangan (PPL) merupakan salah satu mata kulaih program kependidikan yang diselenggarakan untuk mempersiapkan lulusan S1 kependidikan agar menguasai kompetensi guru secara utuh sesuai dengan Standar Nasional Pendidikan (SNP) sehingga dapat memperoleh pengakuan tenaga pendidik profesional yang mampu beradaptasi dan melaksanakan tugas profesi pendidik yang unggul, bermartabat, dan dibanggakan lembaga pendidikan pengguna, masyarakat, dan bangsa Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, Praktik Pengalaman Lapangan (PPL) ini dilaksanakan oleh mahasiswa UNY program kependidikan yang tersebar diseluruh sekolah/ tempat praktikan. Kegiatan PPL yang dilaksanakan di sekolah mulai tanggal 18 Juli 2016 sampai dengan 15 September 2016 di SMP Negeri 1 Turi sangatlah bermanfaat bagi kedua belah pihak. Dalam kegiatan PPL di SMP Negeri 1 Turi, penyusun mendapat kesempatan praktik mengajar mata pelajaran Seni Budaya khususnya Seni Rupa untuk kelas VII A, VII B, VII C, VII D. Penyusun melaksanakan praktik mengajar di kelas pada hari Senin jam ke 7, Selasa jam ke 2, 6, 7, Rabu jam ke 4, 6-8, Jumat jam ke 5,6, dan Sabtu jam ke 6,7. Hasil yang diperoleh dari kegiatan PPL yaitu mahasiswa mendapatkan pengalaman nyata berkaitan dengann perencanaan, penulisan perangkat pembelajaran, proses pembelajaran dan pengelolaan kelas. Mahasiswa dapat menerapkan dan mnegembangkan ilmu serta keterampilan yang dimiliki sesuai dengan program studi masing-masing

PEMILIHAN FINTECH PAYMENT QRCODE UNTUK PELANGGAN MENGGUNAKAN TOPSIS

Payment is inseparable from technology so it is fast in making transactions in real time. Payment is the most important stage in sales. Sales success can be obtained from the service process, both from the process of entering sales transactions to payment transactions. Problems that occur in transactions using the QRCode fintech payment are, it takes too long to read the QRCode, an error occurs when reading the QRCode, has made a payment but it is not detected. The aim of the research is to help service providers fix deficiencies that occur and help customers choose a QRCode fintech that is safe and fast to use. This research seeks QRCode fintech payment recommendations for customers using the Technique For Order Preference by Similarity of Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) with 6 alternatives, namely Sakuku, Link Aja, Gopay, Dana, Shopeepay and OVO. Then the 6 criteria consist of: C1 = real time, C2 = user friendly, C3 = payment, C4 = security, C5 = feature diversity, and C6 = merchant. The results obtained by Gopay obtained the highest score of the other 6 alternatives, namely 0.9208, which was chosen as the best QRCode fintech payment recommendation.

POLA KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL DOKTER GIGI MUDA (KOASS) RSGM UNPAD (Studi Deskriptif Kualitatif Pola Komunikasi Interpersonal Dokter Gigi Muda RSGM UNPAD)

Judul skripsi ini adalah Pola Komunikasi Interpersonal Dokter Gigi Muda (Koass) RSGM UNPAD dengan sub judul Studi Deskriptif Kualitatif Pola Komunikasi Interpersonal Dokter Gigi Muda (Koass) RSGM UNPAD. Tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pola komunikasi yang dilakukan oleh dokter gigi muda (koass) kepada pasiennya. Kajian mengenai komunikasi yang dilakukan oleh dokter gigi muda akan berguna dan membawa manfaat yang jelas baik untuk calon dokter gigi muda maupun dokter gigi muda. Teori George Herbert Mead mengenai Interaksi Simbolik peneliti pilih karena untuk mengkaji mengenai cara seseorang berinteraksi dilihat dari tiga konsep dasar, yakni Mind, Self, dan Society. Penulisan penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode studi deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi, hingga kajian literatur dan internet searching. Terdapat tiga macam informan dalam penelitian ini, dokter gigi muda, pasien, dan dokter gigi ahli. Hasil pengamatan dan pengumpulan data yang dilakukan oleh peneliti menunjukan bahwa konsep diri yang dibawa oleh dokter gigi muda terlihat positif, dilihat dari self branding yang mereka tunjukan kepada pasien, interpretasi mengenai pasien yang ditangani juga baik sehingga berpengaruh pada hubungan atau cara berkomunikasi dengan pasien yang ditangani. Walaupun terdapat perbedaan antara penyampaian pesan yang dilakukan oleh setiap dokter gigi muda, tetapi secara keseluruhan pasien dapat memahami informasi yang disampaikan oleh dokter gigi muda. Hal-hal yang ingin peneliti rekomendasikan sebagai cara untuk menunjang tercapainya komunikasi yang efektif antara dokter gigi muda dengan pasien adalah dengan menyampaikan informasi menggunakan bahasa yang mudah dicerna oleh orang awam, karena tidak semua mengerti mengenai bahasa kedokteran, serta diusahakan untuk lebih detail dalam menyampaikan pesan. Kata kunci: Pola Komunikasi, Komunikasi Interpersonal, Koass

SEASONAL VARIABILITY OF AEROSOL COMPOSITION IN SWITZERLAND: A MODELLING STUDY

In this study, we applied the MM5/CAMx model system over Switzerland for winter and summer periods in 2006. The focus is on the formation and transport of aerosols and the contribution of various sources to the aerosol formation both in winter and summer seasons. Our model system uses three nested domains with 27 km (Europe), 9 km (central Europe) and 3 km (Switzerland) resolutions. The concentrations of aerosol components are calculated for particle sizes smaller than 2.5 μm. The model’s capability to reproduce the aerosol concentrations is investigated by comparing the model results with the measurements performed during the same periods. In general, the modelled concentrations of inorganic aerosols agree quite well with the AMS measurements, whereas organic aerosols are underestimated. The chemical composition of aerosols in summer differs from that in winter. Both measurements and model predictions indicate that organic aerosols and particulate nitrate are the major components of the winter aerosol composition in Switzerland. In summer, organic aerosols dominate the aerosol composition and they are mostly secondary organic aerosols formed from the biogenic precursors. Recent measurements suggest that wood-burning emissions might contribute significantly to the aerosol concentrations, especially in winter. The lack of wood burning emissions in emission inventory could cause partly the underestimation of organic aerosols. The secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation will be soon improved by using a new model version where oligomerization and SOA formation from isoprene and sesquiterpenes are implemented

The influence of traffic and wood combustion on the stable isotopic composition of carbon monoxide

Carbon monoxide in the atmosphere is originating from various combustion and oxidation processes. Recently, the proportion of CO resulting from the combustion of wood for domestic heating may have increased due to political measures promoting this renewable energy source. Here, we used the stable isotope composition of CO (δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>18</sup>O) for the characterization of different CO sources in Switzerland, along with other indicators for traffic and wood combustion (NO<sub>x</sub>-concentration, aerosol light absorption at different wavelengths). We assessed diurnal variations of the isotopic composition of CO at 3 sites during winter: a village site dominated by domestic heating, a site close to a motorway and a rural site. The isotope ratios of wood combustion emissions were studied at a test facility, indicating significantly lower δ<sup>18</sup>O of CO from wood combustion compared to traffic emissions. At the village and the motorway site, we observed very pronounced diurnal δ<sup>18</sup>O-variations of CO with an amplitude of up to 8‰. Solving the isotope mass balance equation for three distinct sources (wood combustion, traffic, clean background air) resulted in diurnal patterns consistent with other indicators for wood burning and traffic. The average night-time contribution of wood-burning to total CO was 70% at the village site, 49% at the motorway site and 29% at the rural site based on the isotope mass balance. The results, however, depend strongly on the pure source isotope values, which are not very well known. We therefore additionally applied a combined CO/NO<sub>x</sub>-isotope model for verification. Here, we separated the CO emissions into different sources based on distinct CO/NO<sub>x</sub> emissions ratios for wood combustion and traffic, and inserted this information in the isotope mass balance equation. Accordingly, a highly significant agreement between measured and calculated δ<sup>18</sup>O-values of CO was found (<i>r</i>=0.67, <i>p</i><0.001). While different proxies for wood combustion all have their uncertainties, our results indicate that the oxygen isotope ratio of CO (but not the carbon isotope ratio) is an independent sensitive tool for source attribution studies

SEASONAL VARIABILITY OF AEROSOL COMPOSITION IN SWITZERLAND: A MODELLING STUDY

In this study, we applied the MM5/CAMx model system over Switzerland for winter and summer periods in 2006. The focus is on the formation and transport of aerosols and the contribution of various sources to the aerosol formation both in winter and summer seasons. Our model system uses three nested domains with 27 km (Europe), 9 km (central Europe) and 3 km (Switzerland) resolutions. The concentrations of aerosol components are calculated for particle sizes smaller than 2.5 μm. The model’s capability to reproduce the aerosol concentrations is investigated by comparing the model results with the measurements performed during the same periods. In general, the modelled concentrations of inorganic aerosols agree quite well with the AMS measurements, whereas organic aerosols are underestimated. The chemical composition of aerosols in summer differs from that in winter. Both measurements and model predictions indicate that organic aerosols and particulate nitrate are the major components of the winter aerosol composition in Switzerland. In summer, organic aerosols dominate the aerosol composition and they are mostly secondary organic aerosols formed from the biogenic precursors. Recent measurements suggest that wood-burning emissions might contribute significantly to the aerosol concentrations, especially in winter. The lack of wood burning emissions in emission inventory could cause partly the underestimation of organic aerosols. The secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation will be soon improved by using a new model version where oligomerization and SOA formation from isoprene and sesquiterpenes are implemented

Monumental heritage exposure to urban black carbon pollution

In this study, aerosol light-absorption measurements obtained at three sites during a winter campaign were used to analyse and identify the major sources of Black Carbon (BC) particles in and around the Alhambra monument, a UNESCO World Heritage Site that receives over 2 million visitors per year. The Conditional Bivariate Probability Function and the Aethalometer model were employed to identify the main sources of BC particles and to estimate the contributions of biomass burning and fossil fuel emissions to the total Equivalent Black Carbon (EBC) concentrations over the monumental complex. Unexpected high levels of EBC were found at the Alhambra, comparable to those measured in relatively polluted European urban areas during winter. EBC concentrations above 3.0 μg/m3, which are associated with unacceptable levels of soiling and negative public reactions, were observed at Alhambra monument on 13 days from 12 October 2015 to 29 February 2016, which can pose a risk to its long-term conservation and may cause negative social and economic impacts. It was found that road traffic emissions from the nearby urban area and access road to the Alhambra were the main sources of BC particles over the monument. However, biomass burning emissions were found to have very small impact on EBC concentrations at the Alhambra. The highest EBC concentrations were observed during an extended stagnant episode associated with persistent high-pressure systems, reflecting the large impact that can have these synoptic conditions on BC over the Alhambra.European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement No. 654109, ACTRIS-2.Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and FEDER through project CGL2013-45410-R, CGL2016-81092-R 598 and CGL2012-30729.Andalusia Regional Government through project P12- RNM-2409 and P12-FQM-1889

Particles, air quality, policy and health

The diversity of ambient particle size and chemical composition considerably complicates pinpointing the specific causal associations between exposure to particles and adverse human health effects, the contribution of different sources to ambient particles at different locations, and the consequent formulation of policy action to most cost-effectively reduce harm caused by airborne particles. Nevertheless, the coupling of increasingly sophisticated measurements and models of particle composition and epidemiology continue to demonstrate associations between particle components and sources (and at lower concentrations) and a wide range of adverse health outcomes. This article reviews the current approaches to source apportionment of ambient particles and the latest evidence for their health effects, and describes the current metrics, policies and legislation for the protection of public health from ambient particles. A particular focus is placed on particles in the ultrafine fraction. The review concludes with an extended evaluation of emerging challenges and future requirements in methods, metrics and policy for understanding and abating adverse health outcomes from ambient particles

Lidar- und Sonnenphotometermessungen von Saharastaubschichten über dem Atlantik

Ein einzigartiger Datensatz an Lidarmessungen von Saharastaubschichten, die in den letzten Jahren auf Fahrten des Forschungsschiffes Polarstern durchgeführt wurden, konnte für den Bereich des tropischen und subtropischen Atlantiks gewonnen werden. Die Messungen mit dem mobilen Aerosol Raman Lidar (MARL) des AWI lieferten Profile des Rückstreukoeffizienten und der Depolarisation bei zwei Wellenlängen (355 nm und 532 nm). In Höhen von ca. 2 bis 6 km wurden mit diesem Instrument Aerosole beobachtet, die aufgrund ihrer optischen Eigenschaften als Staubschichten identifiziert wurden. Rückwärtstrajektorien bestätigen die nordafrikanische Herkunft der entsprechenden Luftmassen und lassen keinen Zweifel, dass es sich um Saharastaub handelte. Die optische Dicke der Schicht lag meist im Bereich von 0.1 bis 0.3, aber auch Werte bis zu 0.7 wurden erreicht, wie die durchgeführten Sonnenphotometermessungen zeigten. Mit einem neuen Verfahren, das auf der Mie-Theorie und nichtsphärischer Streurechnungen basiert, wurde der effektive Radius und der Brechungsindex der Staubpartikel aus den Lidardaten abgeleitet. Die Ergebnisse stimmen gut mit den Resultaten überein, die mit ähnlichen Verfahren aus Photometerdaten hergeleitet werden können