1,849 research outputs found
Generalizing Planck's Law: Nonequilibrium Emission of Excited Media
Using a quantum-kinetic many-body approach, exact results for the interacting
system of field and matter in a specified geometry are presented. It is shown
that both the spectral function of photons and the field fluctuations split up
into vacuum- and medium-induced contributions, for which explicit expressions
are derived. Using Poynting's theorem, the incoherent emission is analyzed and
related to the coherent absorption as may be measured in a linear
transmission-reflection experiment. Their ratio defines the medium-induced
population of the modes of the transverse electromagnetic field and so
generalizes Planck's law to an arbitrarily absorbing and dispersing medium in a
nonequilibrium steady state. For quasi-equilibrium, this population develops
into a Bose distribution whose chemical potential marks the crossover from
absorption to gain and, also, characterizes the degree of excitation.
Macroscopic quantum phenomena such as lasing and quantum condensation are
discussed on this footing.Comment: minor corrections and extended discussion, as publishe
Absorption and emission of polariton modes in a ZnSe-ZnSSe heterostructure
We investigate the absorption and emission of a 25 nm ZnSe layer, which was
grown on a GaAs buffer and cladded by ZnSSe layers. Due to the coupling of
light with the exciton resonances, polariton modes propagate through the ZnSe
layer. Their interferences appear as additional peaks in the reflection spectra
and can be explained by the effect of spatial dispersion. We present additional
experimental results for the emission of the sample after excitation by a pump
pulse, showing corresponding interference peaks of the polariton modes, whose
maxima strongly decrease to higher energies. Our exact theoretical analysis
shows that the ratio of emission and absorption is given by the population of
the globally defined states of the electromagnetic field, i.e. the polariton
distribution which is generated by the pump pulse. This distribution, being far
from thermal quasiequilibrium, shows pronounced peaks at the polariton modes
depending on the energy of the pump pulse.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, RevTex4, changes: as publishe
Optimized Cell Planning for Network Slicing in Heterogeneous Wireless Communication Networks
We propose a cell planning scheme to maximize the resource efficiency of a
wireless communication network while considering quality-of-service
requirements imposed by different mobile services. In dense and heterogeneous
cellular 5G networks, the available time-frequency resources are orthogonally
partitioned among different slices, which are serviced by the cells. The
proposed scheme achieves a joint optimization of the resource distribution
between network slices, the allocation of cells to operate on different slices,
and the allocation of users to cells. Since the original problem formulation is
computationally intractable, we propose a convex inner approximation.
Simulations show that the proposed approach optimizes the resource efficiency
and enables a service-centric network design paradigm.Comment: This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of
the IEEE Communications Letters,
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8368293, (c) 2018 IEE
Timidity, emotionality, and activity in rats deprived of grooming
The purpose of this current study was to investigate the effect of restriction of grooming, by means of collars, on activity, emotionality, and timidity. On the basis of the common occurrence of grooming when under stress some relationship between licking and emotionality was assumed to exist by the author. it was therefore expected that differences would be found among the treatment group.
The current study made use of a three factor design. One factor was the treatment factor, another factor was the replications factor, and the third was the days factor. The days factor has repeated measures and the replications factor was random
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