A cross sectional study to measure prevalence of DVT in subacute and chronic spinal cord injury patients without any chemical prophylaxis

Background: Prevalence of DVT in patients with sub-acute and chronic SCI has only been reported in a limited number of studies. Knowing the incidence of thromboembolic events in the sub-acute and chronic rehabilitation phase is important to estimate disease risk and facilitate evidence based prevention. We sought to determine the prevalence of DVT in patients of subacute and chronic phases post spinal cord injury without any chemical prophylaxis.Methods: Between June 2016 and April 2018, all cases of sub-acute and chronic spinal cord injury, undergoing rehabilitation at our centre were studied. Patients with pre-existing coagulopathy/hypercoagulable state/ bleeding diathesis or on medications for these conditions, tobacco smokers, chronic alcoholics and obese individuals were excluded from the study. All patients enrolled in the study were given mechanical DVT prophylaxis and followed institutional rehabilitation protocol. They were evaluated at 3 months, 6 months and 9 months by clinical examination and CDFI for any evidence of DVT.Results: Out of 60 patients studied, 04 patients developed DVT (3 in ASIA grade A and 1 in ASIA grade B patient). 75% (3 cases) of the cases were detected in the first 3 months and only one case was detected between 3-6 moths post Spinal cord injury. The prevalence of DVT in our study, in subacute and chronic cases of spinal cord injury was 6.67%.Conclusions: Our study is in concurrence with the existing literature about the low prevalence of DVT in Southeast Asian population which doesn’t warrant DVT chemoprophylaxis in subacute and chronic SCI cases

EFFECT OF RASONADI KWATH IN THE MANAGEMENT OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: A REVIEW

Rheumatoid arthritis is a most common persistent inflammatory arthritis of unknown etiology marked by symmetric, peripheral poly arthritis and often result in joint damage and physical disability. Arthritis is always associated with arthralgia. It is 1.0-1.5% with a female to male ratio of 3:1 functional capacity decrease most rapidly at the beginning of disease and the function state of patients in their first year. R.A. Etiology like Immunological factor (HLA-DRB1), Hormonal factor, contraceptives pills, is also associated with a worse disease outcome in R.A. Particularly in genetically predisposed individuals, some environmental antigen trigger, probably a virus, stimulates the production of autoantibodies (IgM rheumatoid factor) against the body, own IgM immunologlobins. This process can become self perpetuating. The prominent feature is the formation of immune complexes. within the joint resulting from tissue damage. These complex activate complement and attract neutrophils. Phagocytosis of immune complexes by neutrophils leads to release of chemical mediators of inflammation. Continued inflammation stimulates the formation of a proliferative synovitis. This hypertrophic granulation tissue is called pannus. This process is responsible for the causing joint erosions. In Ayurveda it is clinically correlated with Aamvata. According to Bhavprakash Beautiful composition is given in Aamvata chikitsa 26th chapter Rasonadi Kwath. Conceptually it is play very effective role because of its Sothhara, Vedna-sthapana, Kapha-vatashamak, Deepan-Pachan, Anuloman, Shoola-prashman, and also Shunthi is Uttam Aama pachak. The aim of this article is to provide a management for RA by Rasonadi Kwath

Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC

Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Prioritisation of sub-watersheds based on earth observation data of agricultural dominated northern river basin of India

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Correlation of molecular markers, Pfmdr1-N86Y and Pfcrt-K76T, with in vitro chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum, isolated in the malaria endemic states of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India.

The mechanism of chloroquine (CQ) resistance in Plasmodium falciparum is not clearly understood. However, CQ resistance has been shown to be associated with point mutations in Pfcrt and Pfmdr1. These genes encode for digestive vacuole transmembrane proteins Pfcrt and Pgh1, respectively. The present study was carried out to analyze the association of Pfcrt-K76T and Pfmdr1-N86Y mutations with CQ resistance in Northeast Indian P. falciparum isolates. 115 P. falciparum isolates were subjected to in vitro CQ sensitivity testing and PCR-RFLP analysis for the Pfmdr1-N86Y and Pfcrt-K76T mutations. 100 isolates of P. falciparum were found to be resistant to CQ by the in vitro susceptibility test (geometric mean EC50 2.21 µM/L blood) while 15 were found to be CQ sensitive (geometric mean EC50 0.32 µM/L blood). All the CQ resistant isolates showed the presence of Pfmdr1 and Pfcrt mutations. CQ sensitive isolates were negative for these mutations. Strong linkage disequilibrium was observed between the alleles at these two loci (Pfmdr1-N86Y and Pfcrt-K76T). The results indicate that Pfmdr1-N86Y and Pfcrt-K76T mutations can be used as molecular markers to identify CQ resistance in P. falciparum. The result necessitates the evaluation of CQ in vivo therapeutic efficacy in endemic areas for more effective malaria control strategies

Disrupted nuclear import of cell cycle proteins in Huntington's/PolyQ disease causes neurodevelopment defects in cellular and Drosophila model

Huntington's disease is caused by an expansion of CAG repeats in exon 1 of the huntingtin gene encoding an extended PolyQ tract within the Huntingtin protein (mHtt). This expansion results in selective degeneration of striatal medium spiny projection neurons in the basal ganglia. The mutation causes abnormalities during neurodevelopment in human and mouse models. Here, we report that mHtt/PolyQ aggregates inhibit the cell cycle in the Drosophila brain during development. PolyQ aggregates disrupt the nuclear pore complexes of the cells preventing the translocation of cell cycle proteins such as Cyclin E, E2F and PCNA from cytoplasm to the nucleus, thus affecting cell cycle progression. PolyQ aggregates also disrupt the nuclear pore complex and nuclear import in mHtt expressing mammalian CAD neurons. PolyQ toxicity and cell cycle defects can be restored by enhancing RanGAP-mediated nuclear import, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for this disease

Development and validation of UV-Spectrophotometric method for determination of Enalapril maleate

The UV spectroscopic method of analysis is widely applicable for routine analytical procedure for determination of chemical compounds. Enalapril shows maximum absorbance at a wavelenght of 207nm, which is used in this study. The method provides a linear response from a quantitation range of 2μg/ml to 28μg/ml in phosphate buffer pH7.2. The method gave satisfactory results in terms of repeatability and intermediate precision (RSD&lt;1.58%). Also accuracy values were very good for both methods, the recovery being between 101.37 to 100.11%. The method was validated and proved to be robust and rugged. The results showed that this method can be used for rapid determination of Enalapril maleate in bulk as well as formulation.Keywords:- Enalapril; spectroscopic method; peptidyldipeptidas

The paradigmatic shift in the clinical profile of dengue patients: a prospective observational study from a tertiary care center in north India

Background: Dengue a vector-borne viral disease transmitted by mosquito and has several complications causing fatalities and a bad impact on society. The paucity of studies in Uttar Pradesh and lack of epidemiological data necessitated to take up this prospective study. Thus, the current study looked into the causes of heavy prevalence, urban v/s rural ratio, gender difference, various complications to formulate a strategy to limit the severity of the disease by early diagnosis and rapid intervention. The fever caused by dengue is characterized by body ache, petechial rashes, myalgia, and nausea and vomiting. There can be varied manifestations of dengue involving the lung, pleura, peritoneum, pericardium, and complications of liver, kidney, brain, muscle, eye, and other organs. The disease is characterized by thrombocytopenia, dehydration, bleeding tendencies, shock, and multiorgan dysfunction. Current estimates reports about 40% (2.5-3 billion) of the world population are at risk. Purpose: The study is aimed at detecting clinical signs and symptoms of patients with dengue fever presenting to TMU teaching hospital between January 2019 to December 2019. Material and Methods: A prospective observational study was undertaken in serologically confirmed cases of dengue. The disease was analyzed for its clinical profile, required investigations were done and evaluated. Results: In the present study the clinical outcome was: 1) Dengue fever without warning sign was (29.46%). 2) Dengue fever with a warning sign (57.87%). 3) Severe dengue fever (12.12%). Mortality noted in the present study was 1.8%. Bleeding manifestations were noted in 8.2% of patients. Thrombocytopenia (&lt;100,000) was noted in (85.85%) patients. Fever was the presenting complaint in the majority of the patients (99.3%). Fever was followed by myalgia (91.9%), headache (58.8%), arthralgia (28.2%). Conclusions: Patients of dengue presented with fever, headache, myalgia, nausea, vomiting. Bleeding manifestations were looked for. Lab findings like leucopenia and deranged liver function test were more than other studies

A case series of melioidosis: An underdiagnosed infection

Melioidosis is an infection caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei. It is a non notifiable disease and is not included in Integrated Disease Surveillance Program by National Center of Disease Control. India is predicted to have highest burden of disease with an estimated mortality of 32,000 per year. Melioidosis presents with a wide range of clinical manifestations like pneumonia, liver and splenic abscess, septicemia etc. This wide spectrum of presentation and mimicry with other infections leads to its misdiagnosis or underdiagnosis. The only source of disease burden in India is few case reports and the true burden and distribution of disease still needs to be assessed. We, hereby, report a case series of four cases aged 28 years, 53 years, 33 years and 22 years. All cases had different clinical presentation ranging from abdominal wall abscess to septicemia and neurological manifestations making the diagnosis challenging. Three of the four cases were discharged after complete recovery while one case went leave against medical advice.To our knowledge this is the first series describing complete recovery of three out of four cases. This case series will help the physicians to raise their index of clinical suspicion of melioidosis in high risk patients presenting with various findings thus improving the chances of correct diagnosis and treatment