Tras la elección directa de representantes del Parlasur

Avanzar en la elección directa de los parlamentarios del Mercosur en un contexto internacional en el que la región se presenta con oportunidades históricas para el desarrollo económico y social puede contribuir a llevar la discusión de la agenda regional a una instancia nacional y viceversa.Fil: Sanchez, Leandro Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentin

What is Spoken when Talking about Constructivism? Review on Classifications and Categories

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar brevemente la incorporación y el desarrollo del enfoque constructivista de Relaciones Internacionales y la manera en que éste ha sido categorizado. Partiendo del supuesto por el que es posible considerar que el Constructivismo no es una categoría analítica homogénea sino que, por el contrario, es posible identificar distintas versiones de este modelo de razonamiento, se intentará analizar la pertinencia de los diversos intentos por categorizarlo. A partir de ello, el propósito se centrará en los efectos que tales categorizaciones tienen para el estudio de las relaciones internacionales. El ensayo está dedicado a revisar el Constructivismo a partir de sus clasificaciones, con lo cual se intenta asegurar su importancia antes que socavarla. En la primera parte se abordará la relación entre el concepto a definir y su contexto. En la segunda parte se refiere el surgimiento del Constructivismo como aproximación analítica a los estudios internacionales y su abordaje. La tercer parte se remite al núcleo duro del Constructivismo, para dar paso a los intentos de clasificación que ha tenido.The aim of this study is to consider briefly the incorporation and development of the constructivist approach to international relations and how this has been categorized. Assuming that Constructivism is not a homogenous analytical category, it is possible to identify different versions of this model of reasoning, thus the author tries to analyze the relevance of the multiple attempts on doing so. From this, the aim will focus on the effects that such categorizations have on International Relations. This essay reviews Constructivism from their taxonomies, which aim to ensure its continued relevance rather than undermine it. The first part is addressed in the framework of the inter- theory method, the relationship and overlap between the concept to define the context both theoretically and methodologically. The second part contextualizes the emergence of constructivism and analytical approach to international studies and their treatment. Finally, the third part deals with the core of constructivism.Fil: Sanchez, Leandro Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales; Argentin

Critical borders studies. Contributions from cultural studies

En este ensayo se reseñará una bibliografía interdisciplinar, pero con anclaje en las relaciones internacionales, que analiza la práctica de las fronteras en la actualidad. Este texto aunará de manera general una bibliografía heterogénea, cuya complejidad no puede ser tratada en profundidad aquí, pero esperamos sea de valor. El lector debe tener en cuenta que las generalizaciones se han hecho uniendo enfoques y opiniones plurales. El objetivo es poner en diálogo lo que estos textos sostienen, con ciertos aportes provenientes de los estudios culturales, con el propósito de dotar a los estudios internacionales de mayores herramientas analíticas.This paper summarizes an interdisciplinary literature bibliography, anchored in the framework of International Relations, which analyzes the current practice of Borders. This text will bring together a heterogeneous bibliography whose complexity cannot be analyzed in depth here, but we hope it is of value. The reader should note that generalizations have been made by linking different approaches and through a plurality of opinions. The objective is to put what these texts uphold in dialogue with certain contributions coming from Cultural Studies, with the objective of equipping these international studies with greater analytical tools.Fil: Sanchez, Leandro Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales; Argentin

Una visión postestructuralista de la política exterior peronista: las fuentes internas de su identidad

Este trabajo tiene por objeto reflexionar sobre la existencia de una política exterior peronista e indagar sobre las fuerzas profundas que la han orientado y/o incidido en ella, con el fin de contribuir a realizar una aproximación al derrotero de la política exterior argentina. Ello desde una perspectiva post estructuralista, según la cual los discursos son productores de sentido y hacedores de las identidades. La hipótesis de este artículo entiende que las identidades en pugna resultan un factor clave para comprender el itinerario y sentido de la política exterior de los gobiernos peronistas y, en gran parte, de Argentina.This work aims to reflect on the existence of a Peronist foreign policy, investigate the deep forces that have guided and/or influenced in it to help understand the course of Argentina’s foreign policy. This from a post structuralist perspective, according to which discourses are producers of meaning and identities makers. The hypothesis of this article believes that conflicting identities are a key to understanding the direction of foreign policy and sense Peronist governments and, largely, to Argentina.Fil: Sanchez, Leandro Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Zapata, Victoria. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales. Instituto de Relaciones Internacionales; Argentin

La tecnología como vehículo de articulación Nivel Medio / Universitario en la provincia de La Rioja

Se presenta una línea de I+D que pretende fortalecer la articulación Universidad - Nivel Medio, estimulando el diseño de mecanismos que permitan alcanzar un diagnóstico compartido y planes de trabajo, destinados a disminuir la brecha que existe entre estos dos niveles y facilitando la inserción de las TIC como herramientas válidas y necesarias en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje. Los temas abordados son transversales a varias áreas, como algoritmos, lógica, programación, arquitectura de computadoras, higiene, seguridad y control ambiental. En cada proyecto participan activamente alumnos avanzados de la carrera Ingeniería en Sistemas, por lo que los desarrollos propuestos pueden converger en tesinas de grado de esta carrera.Eje: Tecnología informática aplicada en educaciónRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

La tecnología como vehículo de articulación Nivel Medio / Universitario en la provincia de La Rioja

Se presenta una línea de I+D que pretende fortalecer la articulación Universidad - Nivel Medio, estimulando el diseño de mecanismos que permitan alcanzar un diagnóstico compartido y planes de trabajo, destinados a disminuir la brecha que existe entre estos dos niveles y facilitando la inserción de las TIC como herramientas válidas y necesarias en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje. Los temas abordados son transversales a varias áreas, como algoritmos, lógica, programación, arquitectura de computadoras, higiene, seguridad y control ambiental. En cada proyecto participan activamente alumnos avanzados de la carrera Ingeniería en Sistemas, por lo que los desarrollos propuestos pueden converger en tesinas de grado de esta carrera.Eje: Tecnología informática aplicada en educaciónRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

La tecnología como vehículo de articulación Nivel Medio / Universitario en la provincia de La Rioja

Se presenta una línea de I+D que pretende fortalecer la articulación Universidad - Nivel Medio, estimulando el diseño de mecanismos que permitan alcanzar un diagnóstico compartido y planes de trabajo, destinados a disminuir la brecha que existe entre estos dos niveles y facilitando la inserción de las TIC como herramientas válidas y necesarias en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje. Los temas abordados son transversales a varias áreas, como algoritmos, lógica, programación, arquitectura de computadoras, higiene, seguridad y control ambiental. En cada proyecto participan activamente alumnos avanzados de la carrera Ingeniería en Sistemas, por lo que los desarrollos propuestos pueden converger en tesinas de grado de esta carrera.Eje: Tecnología informática aplicada en educaciónRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Overview of recent TJ-II stellarator results

The main results obtained in the TJ-II stellarator in the last two years are reported. The most important topics investigated have been modelling and validation of impurity transport, validation of gyrokinetic simulations, turbulence characterisation, effect of magnetic configuration on transport, fuelling with pellet injection, fast particles and liquid metal plasma facing components. As regards impurity transport research, a number of working lines exploring several recently discovered effects have been developed: the effect of tangential drifts on stellarator neoclassical transport, the impurity flux driven by electric fields tangent to magnetic surfaces and attempts of experimental validation with Doppler reflectometry of the variation of the radial electric field on the flux surface. Concerning gyrokinetic simulations, two validation activities have been performed, the comparison with measurements of zonal flow relaxation in pellet-induced fast transients and the comparison with experimental poloidal variation of fluctuations amplitude. The impact of radial electric fields on turbulence spreading in the edge and scrape-off layer has been also experimentally characterized using a 2D Langmuir probe array. Another remarkable piece of work has been the investigation of the radial propagation of small temperature perturbations using transfer entropy. Research on the physics and modelling of plasma core fuelling with pellet and tracer-encapsulated solid-pellet injection has produced also relevant results. Neutral beam injection driven Alfvénic activity and its possible control by electron cyclotron current drive has been examined as well in TJ-II. Finally, recent results on alternative plasma facing components based on liquid metals are also presentedThis work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014–2018 under Grant Agreement No. 633053. It has been partially funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Inovación y Universidades of Spain under projects ENE2013-48109-P, ENE2015-70142-P and FIS2017-88892-P. It has also received funds from the Spanish Government via mobility grant PRX17/00425. The authors thankfully acknowledge the computer resources at MareNostrum and the technical support provided by the Barcelona S.C. It has been supported as well by The Science and Technology Center in Ukraine (STCU), Project P-507F

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Burnout among surgeons before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an international survey

Background: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had many significant impacts within the surgical realm, and surgeons have been obligated to reconsider almost every aspect of daily clinical practice. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study reported in compliance with the CHERRIES guidelines and conducted through an online platform from June 14th to July 15th, 2020. The primary outcome was the burden of burnout during the pandemic indicated by the validated Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. Results: Nine hundred fifty-four surgeons completed the survey. The median length of practice was 10 years; 78.2% included were male with a median age of 37 years old, 39.5% were consultants, 68.9% were general surgeons, and 55.7% were affiliated with an academic institution. Overall, there was a significant increase in the mean burnout score during the pandemic; longer years of practice and older age were significantly associated with less burnout. There were significant reductions in the median number of outpatient visits, operated cases, on-call hours, emergency visits, and research work, so, 48.2% of respondents felt that the training resources were insufficient. The majority (81.3%) of respondents reported that their hospitals were included in the management of COVID-19, 66.5% felt their roles had been minimized; 41% were asked to assist in non-surgical medical practices, and 37.6% of respondents were included in COVID-19 management. Conclusions: There was a significant burnout among trainees. Almost all aspects of clinical and research activities were affected with a significant reduction in the volume of research, outpatient clinic visits, surgical procedures, on-call hours, and emergency cases hindering the training. Trial registration: The study was registered on clicaltrials.gov "NCT04433286" on 16/06/2020