60 research outputs found

    Estimating spatial accessibility to facilities on the regional scale: an extended commuting-based interaction potential model

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>There is growing interest in the study of the relationships between individual health-related behaviours (e.g. food intake and physical activity) and measurements of spatial accessibility to the associated facilities (e.g. food outlets and sport facilities). The aim of this study is to propose measurements of spatial accessibility to facilities on the regional scale, using aggregated data. We first used a potential accessibility model that partly makes it possible to overcome the limitations of the most frequently used indices such as the count of opportunities within a given neighbourhood. We then propose an extended model in order to take into account both home and work-based accessibility for a commuting population.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Potential accessibility estimation provides a very different picture of the accessibility levels experienced by the population than the more classical "number of opportunities per census tract" index. The extended model for commuters increases the overall accessibility levels but this increase differs according to the urbanisation level. Strongest increases are observed in some rural municipalities with initial low accessibility levels. Distance to major urban poles seems to play an essential role.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Accessibility is a multi-dimensional concept that should integrate some aspects of travel behaviour. Our work supports the evidence that the choice of appropriate accessibility indices including both residential and non-residential environmental features is necessary. Such models have potential implications for providing relevant information to policy-makers in the field of public health.</p

    : Recueil de fiches pédagogiques du réseau MAPS

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    DoctoralLe réseau thématique MAPS «Modélisation multi-Agent appliquée aux Phénomènes Spatialisés » propose depuis 2009 des évènements scientifiques ayant pour but de diffuser les pratiques de modélisations multi-agents au sein des Sciences de l’Homme et de la Société (SHS). Ce collectif pluridisciplinaire de chercheurs, d’enseignants-chercheurs et de doctorants est labellisé en tant que â‰Ș réseau thématique » par le Réseau National des Systèmes Complexes (GIS RNSC) et bénéficie du soutien du CNRS au titre de la Formation Permanente. Depuis 2009, plusieurs modĂšles ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©s au cours d'Ă©vĂ©nements MAPS. Ces modĂšles ont fait l'objet de fiches pĂ©dagogiques dĂ©taillĂ©es destinées aux communautés éducatives et universitaires et en particulier aux enseignants qui souhaiteraient faire découvrir la modélisation à leurs étudiants, mais aussi à ceux qui envisagent d’approfondir certains aspects avec un public plus averti. Elles sont également destinées à tous les curieux qui souhaiteraient découvrir ce que la modélisation apporte aux SHS, du point de vue heuristique et du point de vue opérationnel. Enfin, elles sont aussi des supports pour toutes les personnes qui souhaiteraient diffuser les réflexions scientifiques sur la modélisation et la simulation qui ont présidé à la rédaction de ces fiches

    Activité sportive et mobilité quotidienne chez les adolescents : un modÚle à bas d'agents pour explorer le rÎle du cadre de vie dans les dynamiques socio-spatiales des pratiques

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    Embedded in current research on determinants of health-related behaviours, this thesis develops an agentbased model to further explore and explain the links between living environment and physical activity in adolescents. Challenging the theoretical and empirical basis of the socio-ecological model that underpins most of current studies, this work leads to a relational conceptual framework that integrates social positions and dispositions with daily mobility and physical activity in both a spatial and temporal perspective. Three increasingly complex agent-based models are developped on this unusual framework that does not explicitly include interactions. Although further investigation is required to fully understand the properties of the models, the study highlights the benefits of this modelling approach that identifies new ways of thinking andanalytical opportunities and gives feedback on the data used.Inscrite dans le courant de recherches actuelles portant sur les dĂ©terminants des comportements en lien avec la santĂ©, cette thĂšse a pour objectif de contribuer, au travers du dĂ©veloppement d'un modĂšle Ă  base d'agents, Ă  une meilleure connaissance des relations entre le cadre de vie d'adolescents et leurs pratiques d'activitĂ© physique. Questionnant les fondements thĂ©oriques et empiriques du modĂšle socio-Ă©cologique qui guide la majoritĂ© des Ă©tudes actuelles, ce travail a conduit Ă  l'Ă©laboration d'un schĂ©ma conceptuel relationnel intĂ©grant les notions de positions et dispositions sociales, ainsi que les liens entre pratiques de mobilitĂ© quotidienne et pratiques d'activitĂ©s situĂ©es dans le temps et l'espace gĂ©ographique. L'implĂ©mentation de ce schĂ©ma conceptuel a abouti Ă  la rĂ©alisation de trois modĂšles Ă  base d'agents de complexitĂ© croissante, dont l'originalitĂ© rĂ©side dans la non-inclusion explicite d'interactions. Ce travail, bien qu'inachevĂ© en ce quiconcerne l'exploration des propriĂ©tĂ©s des modĂšles, a permis de souligner l'intĂ©rĂȘt heuristique de la modĂ©lisation, permettant d'un cĂŽtĂ© d'ouvrir de nouvelles perspectives d'analyses, et d'un autre cĂŽtĂ©, d'offrir un retour sur les donnĂ©es utilisĂ©es

    Physical activity and daily travel in adolescents : an agent-based model for exploring the link between living environment and the socio-spatial dynamics of practices

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    Inscrite dans le courant de recherches actuelles portant sur les dĂ©terminants des comportements en lien avec la santĂ©, cette thĂšse a pour objectif de contribuer, au travers du dĂ©veloppement d'un modĂšle Ă  base d'agents, Ă  une meilleure connaissance des relations entre le cadre de vie d'adolescents et leurs pratiques d'activitĂ© physique. Questionnant les fondements thĂ©oriques et empiriques du modĂšle socio-Ă©cologique qui guide la majoritĂ© des Ă©tudes actuelles, ce travail a conduit Ă  l'Ă©laboration d'un schĂ©ma conceptuel relationnel intĂ©grant les notions de positions et dispositions sociales, ainsi que les liens entre pratiques de mobilitĂ© quotidienne et pratiques d'activitĂ©s situĂ©es dans le temps et l'espace gĂ©ographique. L'implĂ©mentation de ce schĂ©ma conceptuel a abouti Ă  la rĂ©alisation de trois modĂšles Ă  base d'agents de complexitĂ© croissante, dont l'originalitĂ© rĂ©side dans la non-inclusion explicite d'interactions. Ce travail, bien qu'inachevĂ© en ce quiconcerne l'exploration des propriĂ©tĂ©s des modĂšles, a permis de souligner l'intĂ©rĂȘt heuristique de la modĂ©lisation, permettant d'un cĂŽtĂ© d'ouvrir de nouvelles perspectives d'analyses, et d'un autre cĂŽtĂ©, d'offrir un retour sur les donnĂ©es utilisĂ©es.Embedded in current research on determinants of health-related behaviours, this thesis develops an agentbased model to further explore and explain the links between living environment and physical activity in adolescents. Challenging the theoretical and empirical basis of the socio-ecological model that underpins most of current studies, this work leads to a relational conceptual framework that integrates social positions and dispositions with daily mobility and physical activity in both a spatial and temporal perspective. Three increasingly complex agent-based models are developped on this unusual framework that does not explicitly include interactions. Although further investigation is required to fully understand the properties of the models, the study highlights the benefits of this modelling approach that identifies new ways of thinking andanalytical opportunities and gives feedback on the data used

    Physical activity and daily travel in adolescents : an agent-based model for exploring the link between living environment and the socio-spatial dynamics of practices

    No full text
    Inscrite dans le courant de recherches actuelles portant sur les dĂ©terminants des comportements en lien avec la santĂ©, cette thĂšse a pour objectif de contribuer, au travers du dĂ©veloppement d'un modĂšle Ă  base d'agents, Ă  une meilleure connaissance des relations entre le cadre de vie d'adolescents et leurs pratiques d'activitĂ© physique. Questionnant les fondements thĂ©oriques et empiriques du modĂšle socio-Ă©cologique qui guide la majoritĂ© des Ă©tudes actuelles, ce travail a conduit Ă  l'Ă©laboration d'un schĂ©ma conceptuel relationnel intĂ©grant les notions de positions et dispositions sociales, ainsi que les liens entre pratiques de mobilitĂ© quotidienne et pratiques d'activitĂ©s situĂ©es dans le temps et l'espace gĂ©ographique. L'implĂ©mentation de ce schĂ©ma conceptuel a abouti Ă  la rĂ©alisation de trois modĂšles Ă  base d'agents de complexitĂ© croissante, dont l'originalitĂ© rĂ©side dans la non-inclusion explicite d'interactions. Ce travail, bien qu'inachevĂ© en ce quiconcerne l'exploration des propriĂ©tĂ©s des modĂšles, a permis de souligner l'intĂ©rĂȘt heuristique de la modĂ©lisation, permettant d'un cĂŽtĂ© d'ouvrir de nouvelles perspectives d'analyses, et d'un autre cĂŽtĂ©, d'offrir un retour sur les donnĂ©es utilisĂ©es.Embedded in current research on determinants of health-related behaviours, this thesis develops an agentbased model to further explore and explain the links between living environment and physical activity in adolescents. Challenging the theoretical and empirical basis of the socio-ecological model that underpins most of current studies, this work leads to a relational conceptual framework that integrates social positions and dispositions with daily mobility and physical activity in both a spatial and temporal perspective. Three increasingly complex agent-based models are developped on this unusual framework that does not explicitly include interactions. Although further investigation is required to fully understand the properties of the models, the study highlights the benefits of this modelling approach that identifies new ways of thinking andanalytical opportunities and gives feedback on the data used

    Land use in Tonkean macaques

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    International audienceWild animals use their habitat according to ecological pressures such as predation, resource availability or temperature, yet little is known about how individuals use their environment in semi free-ranging conditions. We assessed whether a semi-free ranging group of Tonkean macaques Macaca tonkeana used its wooded parkland in a heterogeneous way. GIS and GPS were used to determine whether individuals adjusted their behaviors according to variation in environmental constraints over time of day and the course of a year. We demonstrated that social and resting activities occurred in high altitude areas and areas with a high density of bushes, whereas the group foraged in areas where the density of bushes and grass was low. In general, the animals used areas exposed to the sun that were not on a slope. Semi-free ranging Tonkean macaques seemed to behave like their wild counterparts in terms of activity budget, land use per activity and thermoregulatio

    Land use in semi-free ranging Tonkean macaques Macaca tonkeana depends on environmental conditions: A geo-graphical information system approach

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    Wild animals use their habitat according to ecological pressures such as predation, resource availability or temperature, yet little is known about how individuals use their environment in semi free-ranging conditions. We assessed whether a semi-free ranging group of Tonkean macaques Macaca tonkeana used its wooded parkland in a heterogeneous way. GIS and GPS were used to determine whether individuals adjusted their behaviors according to variation in environmental constraints over time of day and the course of a year. We demonstrated that social and resting activities occurred in high altitude areas and areas with a high density of bushes, whereas the group foraged in areas where the density of bushes and grass was low. In general, the animals used areas exposed to the sun that were not on a slope. Semi-free ranging Tonkean macaques seemed to behave like their wild counterparts in terms of activity budget, land use per activity and thermoregulation [Current Zoology 57 (1): 8–17, 2011]
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