The role of perceived value and green consumption attitude on purchase intention of eco-bag: a study on young consumers

In recent decades, consumers have been eventually shifting towards responsive green consumption behaviour. This study will examine the role of the perceived value (social value, environmental value and economic value) on green consumption attitude and which, in turn, affects young consumers' purchase intention towards eco-bag. A conceptual model was adopted by developing hypotheses and analysed through structural equation modelling. The survey was performed where data were obtained from 373 young consumers from Chattogram, the commercial capital of Bangladesh. The empirical results suggest that economic value, social value and environmental value have a significant and positive influence on the green consumption attitude. Furthermore, green consumption attitude is also found to be a critical factor influencing the intention of young consumers for purchasing eco-bag. This research will help marketers, policymakers, and concerned stakeholders to create awareness among customers regarding eco-bag usage benefits and drive the industry towards sustainability and enhance green revolution to the competitive market structure

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

A 14-years old boy having excessive overjet and traumatic bite

This article has no abstract. The first 100 words appear below: A 14-year-old male came to the outpatient Department with the complaints of proclination of the tooth and inability to close his lips. The patient was psychologically depressed for his facial appearance. Extraoral clinical examination showed a mesocephalic symmetrical face with convex facial profile as well as his lower lip was trapped The&nbsp; nasolabial angle was acute. His mandibular movement was normal and there was no temporomandibular joint dysfunction

A 14-years old boy having excessive overjet and traumatic bite

This article has no abstract. The first 100 words appear below: A 14-year-old male came to the outpatient Department with the complaints of proclination of the tooth and inability to close his lips. The patient was psychologically depressed for his facial appearance. Extraoral clinical examination showed a mesocephalic symmetrical face with convex facial profile as well as his lower lip was trapped The&nbsp; nasolabial angle was acute. His mandibular movement was normal and there was no temporomandibular joint dysfunction

Probiotic Potentiality of Lactobacillus coryniformis subsp. Torquens MTi1 and Lactobacillus coryniformis MTi2 Isolated from Intestine of Nile Tilapia: An In vitro Evaluation

Inefficiency of antibiotics because of emerging resistance, to reduce use of chemical preservatives and to alleviate other gastrointestinal or urogenital disorders- using probiotics get prioritized in recent times. We investigated probiotic potentiality of L. coryniformis subsp. torquens MTi1 and L. coryniformis MTi2 isolated from Nile Tilapia. A set of in vitro probiotic parameters (antibacterial activity, temperature sensitivity, pH, bile salt, NaCl tolerance, antibiotics resistance) were evaluated by performing disc diffusion, agar well diffusion methods and several other microbiological tests. Both isolates demonstrated antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhii, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa whereas L. coryniformis MTi1 also active against Staphylococcus aureus. They could grow at wide range of temperatures(27-45°C) and pH (2-9); had tolerance to 0.5-2% bile salt and 1-7% NaCl; ferment lactose. L. coryniformis subsp. torquens MTi1 was not killed by Cefixime(5µg) whereas L. coryniformis MTi2 neither killed by Cefixime(5µg) nor Streptomycin(10µg) in antibiotic susceptibility testing. Best antibacterial production of isolates found at 37°C, pH 2 and after 72 hours of incubation. We observed approximately 42% and 40% more antibacterial production from L. coryniformis subsp. torquens MTi1 and L. coryniformis MTi2 respectively after 72 hours of incubation instead of 24 hours. L. coryniformis MTi2 could produce bacteriocin or bacteriocin like substances active against E. coli (15mm) and B. subtilis (14mm). The study concludes based on empirical observations that, the isolates have potentiality to be efficient probiotic which will eventually contribute to promote public health