À propos de l’article de Alain-Marie Bassy, un point de vue québécois

Alain-Marie Bassy présente une analyse systémique susceptible de répondre aux interrogations de leaders éducatifs sur la lenteur que connaît l’adoption de l’innovation, reflet de nombre de résistances au changement non-perçu comme nécessaire ou, plutôt, de l’absence de conditions favorables, s’agisse-t-il des outils numériques ou des pratiques pédagogiques et organisationnelles qu’ils servent ou entraînent, dans les systèmes éducatifs francophones et autres. Nous retenons les cinq pistes de réflexion suivantes soumises par Bassy car elles trouvent écho au Québec : a) le modèle industriel (technologies, coûts de production) en évolution rapide ; b) le modèle de gouvernance : prééminence de l’État, centralisation et prescription ; c) le modèle social de l'École : de Jules Ferry au numérique, la mise en cause des dogmes ; d) le modèle pédagogique : les missions et le service de l'enseignant, immuables? e) le modèle éditorial et commercial : de l'imprimé au numérique, continuité ou rupture ? Notre réaction est ancrée dans les travaux que nous menons en tant que membres du Centre de recherche et d’intervention sur la réussite scolaire (CRIRES, crires.ulaval.ca) dont l’activité vise l’innovation sous l’éclairage, entre autres, du modèle d’Engeström (Engeström, 1987) ; (Engeström, 2010), en tant que membres du CEFRIO (cefrio.qc.ca), centre facilitant la recherche et l’innovation dans les organisations à l’aide des TIC, ou du CTREQ (ctreq.qc.ca), centre qui a pour mission de promouvoir l'innovation et le transfert de connaissances en vue d’accroître la réussite éducative du Québec

Genomewide meta-analysis identifies loci associated with IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels with impact on age-related traits

The growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis can be manipulated in animal models to promote longevity, and IGF-related proteins including IGF-I and IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) have also been implicated in risk of human diseases including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Throug

Estimating the New Keynesian Phillips Curve for Italian Manufacturing Sectors

The purpose of this paper is to test the general validity of the NKPC previsions for the Italian manufacturing industries. In particular we are interested in estimating the extent to which the degree of nominal inertia and the fraction of backward-looking price-setters differ from industry to industry. We attempt to address this issue by testing three different model specifications: a pure forward-looking model versus a hybrid model where an income labour share marginal cost measure is considered, and a modified hybrid model specification where marginal costs are corrected to include intermediate inputs. Our results show that the backward-looking component is statistically significant and quantitatively large for all industries. Moreover, this estimate does not depend on the models specification. Conversely, the parameter measuring the extent of price rigidity is sensitive to the definition of firms cost. Interpreting the overall results, we conclude that price-setting behaviour is not totally homogeneous among Italian firms

Genetic associations at 53 loci highlight cell types and biological pathways relevant for kidney function.

Reduced glomerular filtration rate defines chronic kidney disease and is associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), combining data across 133,413 individuals with replication in up to 42,166 individuals. We identify 24 new and confirm 29 previously identified loci. Of these 53 loci, 19 associate with eGFR among individuals with diabetes. Using bioinformatics, we show that identified genes at eGFR loci are enriched for expression in kidney tissues and in pathways relevant for kidney development and transmembrane transporter activity, kidney structure, and regulation of glucose metabolism. Chromatin state mapping and DNase I hypersensitivity analyses across adult tissues demonstrate preferential mapping of associated variants to regulatory regions in kidney but not extra-renal tissues. These findings suggest that genetic determinants of eGFR are mediated largely through direct effects within the kidney and highlight important cell types and biological pathways

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570

Le cas du Québec

Laferrière Thérèse, Hamel Christine, Barma Sylvie, Allaire Stéphane, Breuleux Alain, Turcotte Sandrine, Beaudoin Josée, Tanguay Vincent, Saint-Pierre Linda. Le cas du Québec. In: Sciences et Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication pour l'Éducation et la Formation, volume 19, 2012. Individualisation, personnalisation et adaptation des Environnements Informatiques pour l’Apprentissage Humain. pp. 39-47

Demonstration of prion-like properties of mutant huntingtin fibrils in both in vitro and in vivo paradigms

International audienc